《(核心素养测评)四必修1Unit4Earthquakes含解析.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《(核心素养测评)四必修1Unit4Earthquakes含解析.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、核心素养测评四必修1Unit4Earthquakes（限时35分钟）I.阅读理解AWiththeundeniableincreaseingreenhouseemissionsonEarth,therecanbenodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmer,andscientificstudieshaveproventhatifwecarryonlivingthewaywedo,thenglobaltemperatureswillriseevenmore.Sowhatexactlydoesthismeanforthefutureofourplanet?Globalwar
2、mingwillinfactcauseextremeweatherconditions,meaningthatourwinterswouldbeevencolderthantheyarenow.Morethanthat,warmertemperatureswillleadtothemeltingoficeinthenorthandsouthpoles,whichinturnwillleadtorisingsealevelsacrosstheglobe.Thisisparticularlytroublingforlowcoastalregionsandsomeislandcountries.In
3、1000yearsorso,alltheseplaceswillbefloodedunderwater.Sowherewillwebeabletolive?Unlesswecanfindawaytoevolveintomermaidsandmermen,whichdoesn,tlookpromising,theonlysolutionistomoveelsewhere.Therewillbelittlechoiceleftoncealargeproportionofthelandislosttothesea,andotherremainingplaceswillbesohotthatitwil
4、lbeabsolutelyimpossibleforustosurvive.Countriesthatweconsidertobehotthesedayswillbeevenmoresoiftemperaturesincreaseby5,10,even15degrees.Itispossible,then,thattheoncefrozenpolesoftheArcticandAntarcticawillbesuitableenoughtolivein,havingmelteditsiceandwarmedup.Itsscarytothinkofourdescendents（后代）strugg
5、lingtosurviveinavirtuallyuninhabitableworld.Perhapsifpeoplestarttorealizehowtheiractionsnowcanhavesuchanimpactonfuturegenerations,theywillchangetheirattitudeandstarttothinkmoreaboutcaringfortheenvironment.Ifnot,we,11belivinginaworldunderwaterandwillneedtothinkofawaytoturnourselvesintomermaids!【文章大意】
6、如果不改变我们现在的生活方式，地球温度将继续上升，导致海水上涨，低海拔地区将被淹没，其他地区也将热得无法生存，人们不得不进化成“美人鱼”！1. Whataboutourplanetin1000yearsaccordingtothetext?.Therewillbemorewater.B. Winterwillbecomemild.C. 1.ow-lyingislandswilldisappear.D. Sealevelswillriseinthepolarregions.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，如果气温继续上升，大约100O年后，低海拔的沿海地区将被水淹没。故选C。2
7、. WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?.Hotplacestodaywillbecomecolder.B. Humansmightevolveintomermaids.C. Fewerplaceswillbesuitabletolive.D. Theearthwillbetotallycoveredbywater.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据笫三段内容可知，气候持续变暖会导致海平面上升，淹没大部分地区，适合人们居住的空间越来越小。C选项符合题意。3. Whatdoestheauthorappealtopeopletodo?A. Carefortheenviron
8、ment.B. 1.earntolivelikeamermaid.C. Takegoodcareofourchildren.D. Struggleforoursurvival.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中theywillchangetheirattitudeandstarttothinkmoreaboutcaringfortheenvironment,可知，作者写这篇文章主要想让人们改变态度，多考虑关心环境。A选项符合题意。4. Whichwordcandescribetheauthor,sattitudetowardsglobalwarming?A.Optimistic.B.Wo
9、rried.C.Terrified.D.Unconcerned.【解析】选Bo观点态度题。根据文章内容以及最后一段中Itsscarytothinkofourdescendentsstrugglingtosurviveinavirtuallyuninhabitableworld.“可知，作者对目前的气候变化给人类带来的灾难感到忧虑。故选B。SCary作形容词，意为“使人惊慌的”。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. temperaturen.温度；气温2. extremeadj.极端的3. meltv.融化4. particularlyadv.尤其;特别地5. absolutelyadv.绝对地；完全地6.
10、 generationn,一代；一代人7. impactn.&v.影响B(2020乌鲁木齐模拟)Artificialintelligence(AI)technologymaysoonbeausefultoolfordoctors.Itmayhelpthembetterunderstandandtreatdiseaseslikebreastcancerinwaysthatwereneverbeforepossible.RishiRawatteachesAlattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,s(USC)ClinicalScienceCenterin1.osAn
11、geles.HeispartofateamofscientistswhoareresearchinghowAlandmachinelearningcanmoreeasilyrecognizecancerousgrowthsinthebreast.Rawatprovidesinformationaboutcancercellsforacomputer.Hesaysthisdatahelpsthemachinelearn.Youcanputthedataintocomputersandtheywilllearnthepatternsandthepatternrecognitionisimporta
12、nttomakingdecisions.”DavidAgusisanotherUSCresearcher.Hesaysmachinesarenotgoingtotaketheplaceofdoctors,Compu1.erswillnottreatpatients,buttheywillhelpmakecertaindecisionsandlookforthingsthatthehumanbraincan,trecognizebyitself.Onceaconfirmedcancerousgrowthisremoved,doctorsstillhavetotreatthepatienttore
13、ducetheriskofcancerreturning.Theformoftreatmentdependsonthekindofcancer.”Currently,researcherstakeathinpieceoftissue,putitonasmallpieceofglassandaddcolortobetterseethecells.Thatprocesscouldtakedaysorevenlonger.Scientistssayartificialintelligencecandosomethingbetterthanjustcountcells.Throughmachinele
14、arning,itcanrecognizecomplexpatterns,orstructures,andlearnhowthecellsareorganized.Thehopeisthatmachineswillsoonbeabletomakeaquickidentificationofcancerthatisfreeofhumanmistakes.Allofasudden,wehavethecomputingpowertoreallydoitinrealtime.Wecouldn,thavedonethis,wedidn,thavethecomputingpowertodothisseve
15、ralyearsago,butnowit,sallchanged.Agusaddsthattheprocesscouldbedoneforalmostnocostinthedevelopingworld.Hesaysthathavingalargeamountofinformationaboutpatientsisimportantforamachinetoeffectivelydoitsjobinmedicine.TheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaresearchersarenowonlystudyingbreastcancer.Butdoctorspredi
16、ctartificialintelligencewillonedaymakeadifferenceinallformsofcancer.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普文章。文章介绍人工智能，并解释了它在治疗癌症中的作用，希望机器很快就能快速识别出没有人类错误的癌症。5.InRishiRawat,Sresearch,.thedataputintocomputerscontributestocancerrecognition8. manycancersarebeingstudiedatthemoment9. machinelearninghasreplaceddoctors,work10. thefo
17、cusisonthecureforcancer【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中Rawatprovidesinformationaboutcancercellsforacomputer.Hesaysthisdatahelpsthemachinelearn.Youcanputthedataintocomputersandtheywilllearnthepatternsandthepatternrecognitionisimportanttomakingdecisions.”可知，在RiShiRaWal的研究中，输入电脑的数据有助于对癌症的识别。故选A。6. Whatisthepurposeo
18、fDavidAgus,swordsinParagraph3?.Toprovidesomeadvicefordoctors.B. Tointroducethedevelopmentofcancer.C. Toappealtoscientiststoresearchintocancer.D. ToexplainthefunctionofIintreatingcancer.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段中SCientiStSSayartifiCiaIintelligencecandosomethingbetterthanjustcountcells.Throughmachinelearning
19、,itcanrecognizecomplexpatterns,orstructures,andlearnhowthecellsareorganized.“科学家们表示，人工智能可以做的不仅仅是计数细胞。通过机器学习，它可以识别复杂的模式或结构，并了解细胞是如何组织的。”可知，在第三段DaVidAgUS所说的话是用来解释人工智能在治疗癌症中的作用的。故选D。7. Whatcanweinferfromthetext?.lcanmakedecisionsfordoctors.8. Developingcountriesmightbelackoffunds.9. Alwillhopefullymake
20、anaccurateidentificationofcancer.10. Computingpowerhaslonghelpedwiththeidentificationofcancer.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第五段中Thehopeisthatmachineswillsoonbeabletomakeaquickidentificationofcancerthatisfreeofhumanmistakes.”希望机器很快就能快速识别出没有人类错误的癌症。”可知，C项正确。8.Whatistheauthor,sattitudetowardslusedintreatingcancer?.Po
21、sitive.B.Indifferent.C.Doubtful.D.Negative.【解析】选Ao观点态度题。根据最后一段TheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaresearchersarenowonlystudyingbreastcancer.Butdoctorspredictartificialintelligencewillonedaymakeadifferenceinallformsofcancer.”南加州大学的研究人员目前只研究乳腺癌。但医生预测，人工智能终有一天会在所有癌症中发挥作用。”可知，作者对人工智能治疗癌症的态度是“积极的，肯定的。故选A。【知
22、识拓展】长难句分析(Para.3)Computerswillnottreatpatients,buttheywillhelpmakecertaindecisionsandlookforthingsthatthehumanbraincan,trecognizebyitself.分析：这是一个由but连接的并列句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词things。翻译：计算机不会治疗病人，但它们会协助做出某些判断，并寻找人类大脑无法自己识别的东西。II.完形填空OnthesnowymorningofJanuary28,1onlyplannedtotakemygarbageoutbeforeheadin
23、gstraightbackinside.However,whiletakingthegarbageouttothe_1alongtheroad,myfour-year-oldblack1.abrador,Midnight,startedactingstrangely.Herearsperkedup(竖起)2me.1hadneverseenhermakethatexpression.Ifeltsomethingmightbe3,so1letMidnightleadthewayandfollowedherovertomy4neighbor,shouse.Whenwegottoaspotontheo
24、thersideofthehome,we587-year-oldNoreenlyinginthe6.1figuredshehadbeenoutthereatleastoneandahalfhours.Hurriedly,I7herupandbroughtherintomyhome.Onceinside,mywifeandImadesureshewasn,tseriouslyinjuredand_8shedidn,thavefrostbite(冻伤).However,herhandswerealready9sowehelpedherwarmupandgaveherdryclothes.1.ate
25、rNoreenexplainedtomeshehadgoneoutearlierthat10tofillherbirdfeederbeforethetemperaturedroppedevenfurtherthefollowingdaybutshewas11inthesnowaftertakinga12andhadn,tbeenabletogetuponherown.Noreenisnowmuchbetterbutknowshow13shecametolosingherlife.Shewasgrateful.wMidnightiswithoutdoubtthereasonIamstill14t
26、oday,“saidNoreen.WithoutMidnight1wouldneverhaveseenNoreenlyingontheground.Wevebeenvery15ofherbecauseit,Snoteverydogthatpaysattentiontothingslikethis.【文章大意】本文是记叙文。文章叙述了在一个极度寒冷的早晨，一只拉布拉多犬的异常行为，引起了主人的关注，跟随他的狗，他发现87岁的邻居倒在雪地上危在旦夕。他立刻对老人进行救助，最后老人脱离危险。1. .carB.mailboxC.dustbinD.court【解析】选C。根据上下文以及常识，作者把垃圾拿
27、出去放入外面路边的垃圾箱里(dustbin)。car车Jmailbox“邮箱；CoUrt网球场。2. A.lookingatB.walkingbesideC.lookingafterD.listeningto【解析】选o根据第一段最后一个单词expression“表情”，可以推断出来，作者的狗竖着耳朵看着(100kingat)他，表情不寻常。walkingbeside走在旁边；100kingafter照看”；IiSteningto”听着。3. .uniqueB.specialC.wrongD.sharp【解析】选C。根据上文他的狗的异样行为和表情，作者感觉到出了什么事情。SOnIeIhingi
28、Swrong出了什么事情；UniqUe独特的；SPeCial特殊的；SharP“锋利的”。4. A.elderlyB.formerC.youngD.sick【解析】选Ao根据下文87-year-oIdNoreen,可以知道是上了年纪的(elderly)邻居。former“以前的”；young“年轻的；SiCk“有病的”。5. .foundB.rememberedC.recognizedD.knew【解析】选A。根据上下文，作者发现(found)87岁的邻居正躺在雪地里。6. A.waterB.snowC.fieldD.wind【解析】选B。根据文章开头提到的SnOWynIorning以及后面i
29、nthesnow,得知这里老邻居是躺在雪地里。7. A.putB.liftedC.tookD.woke【解析】选B。当作者意识到老人躺在雪地里至少一个半小时时，立刻把她抬起来(IiftedUP)并带回家。putup“建起”，tookUP从事、拿起、占据；WOkeup“唤醒”。8. A.understoodB.checkedC.promisedD.predicted【解析】选B。根据上下文，作者和妻子检查(CheCked)一下看看老人是否有冻伤。UnderStOOd理解；PrOnIiSed承诺；PrediCted预测。9. A.blackB.whiteC.blueD.pink【解析】选C。根据上
30、下文及常识，她的手已经冻得发青(blue)了。10. .morningB.afternoonC.eveningD.night【解析】选A。文章一开始就交代OnthesnowymorningofJanuary28,所以这里选择morning。11. A.strugglingB.sleepingC.expectingD.surviving【解析】选A。根据上下文推断，老人在雪地里摔倒了之后，在雪地里挣扎(StrUggIing),试图站起来，但是没有成功。其他不符合语境：sleeping“睡觉”；expecting期待”；SUrViVing“生存”。12. .breakB.fallC.breathD
31、.step【解析】选Bo根据上下文推断出来，老人是在雪地里摔倒了，爬不起来。takeafall摔了一跤；takeabreak休息一下；takeabreath喘口气；takeastep”采取措施；迈出一步”。13. .narrowB.painfulC.closeD.hopeless【解析】选CoNoreen现在好多了，但她知道自己差点丢了性命。beclosetodoing接近”，固定搭配。narrow“狭窄的；PainfUI“痛苦的；hopeless“没有希望的”。14.deadB.luckyC.freeD.alive【解析】选D。根据上下文可知：邻居Noreen说,她能活着(alive)多亏了
32、MidnighI。15.afraidB.awareC.ashamedD.proud【解析】选Do根据上下文，作者为自己的狗救人的事迹感到自豪(PrOUd)。beproudof“为而自豪”；beafraidof害怕；beawareof意识到；beashamedof”为而羞愧”。II1.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Wecanliveforweekswithoutfood,dayswithoutwater,butonlyafewminuteswithoutair.Thequalityoftheairwebreatheis1._(extreme)import
33、antforoverallhealthandwellbeing.Airpollutionisamajorcauseofdeath2.illnessintheworld.Whilethereareseveralnaturalsourcesofairpollution,humanactivities,among3.industry,heatingandtransportarethemostsevere,havemadeasignificantcontribution4.airpollutionovercenturies,particularlyafterthebeginningoftheindus
34、trialrevolutioninthelate1700s.Nowadays,outdoorairpollutantsincludefineparticlesfromindustry,agricultureorburningfossilfuels,5.(harm)gases,ozone,andtobaccosmoke.Indoorairpollutionlevelsarepartly6.(relate)tohowwellventilated(ifiH)indoorspacesare.Indoorairpollutantsincludegasesandverytinymatterfrom7.(c
35、ook),varioushouseholdchemicals,buildingmaterials,tobaccosmoke,andmouldspores.Reducingairpollutionisbest8.(deal)withattheregionalornationallevel.Themovetorenewableenergysources9.(have)thepotentialtocompletelyreduceairpollutionlevelsbyavoidingoneofthemajor10.(cause)ofairpollution:burningfossilfuels.【文
36、章大意】本文主要讲述空气的重要性，并列出了室外和室内的主要污染物。1 .【解析】extremely。考查词性转换。此处为副词修饰形容词importanto2 .【解析】and。考查连词。此处and用于连接并列名词death和illness。3 .【解析】whicho考查定语从句。此处为“介词+which”引导的定语从句。4 .【解析】to。考查介词。makeacontributionto为固定搭配，表示“对做贡献；有助于”。5 .【解析】harmful。考查形容词。此处列举有害的污染物，修饰gases,意为：有害的气体。6 .【解析】relatedo考查非谓语动词。berelatedto为固定搭配,表示“与有关”。7 .【解析】COOkingo考查非谓语动词。介词后接动词-ing形式作宾语。8 .【解析】dealto考查语态。此处reducingairpollution与dealWith为被动关系。9 .【解析】has,考查主谓一致。此句主语theInoVe为单数。10 .【解析】causeso考查名词复数。此处为“oneof+复数名词”结构，CaUSe表“原因”，为可数名词。【知识拓展】误区警示“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，一般考查介词的选择，但有时给出介词，要求考生填关系代词。这时考生受到母语影响，往往不注意语法结构，而填普通代词。如第3题容易误填1.henio
