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1、ORP在废水处理过程中有什么用目录1 .ORP在污水处理中代表什么12 .在市政污水中，通常用作杀毒用23 .氧化还原电位ORP在工业废水中的运用24 .ORP在水处理中的其他重要应用174.1.给水处理174.2.开展危废标准化管理改进174.3.好氧生物处理过程中的曝气控制184.4.缺氧生物处理过程中的反硝化控制184.5.厌氧生物处理过程中的释磷控制184.6.节能降耗184.7.精细管理和实时监控184.8.污水处理194.9.水质监测194. 10.环境监测195. 11.科研实验196. 技术特点19无论是工业废水处理还是市政污水处理，都会用到“氧化剂”，氧化剂通常用作两个方面：
2、1 .ORP在污水处理中代表什么在污水处理过程中，ORP（氧化还原电位）是一项重要的参数，它反映了水样中氧化还原反应的电位。本文将详细介绍ORP在污水处理中的意义、测量方法和实际应用。一、ORP在污水处理中的意义在污水处理过程中，有机物的氧化分解是微生物代谢过程的关键步骤。而ORP则可以反映水样中氧化还原反应的电位，从而判断微生物的生长和代谢情况。此外，ORP还可以用来判断化学氧化剂的投加量，以确保污水处理的效率和效果。二、ORP的测量方法测量ORP的方法主要有两种：静水压法和悬垂法。静水压法是将水样注满ORP测量池,然后关闭测量池的出口阀门，等待一段时间使水样稳定后进行测量。悬垂法则是将OR
3、P测量电极放入水样中，然后将其悬垂在容器底部，等待一段时间使水样稳定后进行测量。在测量过程中，需要使用标准液进行校准，以确保测量结果的准确性。ORP是污水处理过程中一项重要的参数,它可以反映水样中氧化还原反应的电位和微生物的生长和代谢情况。通过监测ORP的变化情况，可以判断污水处理的效率、化学氧化剂的投加量和污泥的活性，为污水处理过程的优化和控制提供依据。2 .在市政污水中，通常用作杀毒用就化学法消毒而言，液氯、二氧化氯、氯胺及臭氧作为氧化消毒剂，其消毒效率顺序为：O3QO2CI2NH2CI,消毒持久性顺序为：NH2ClC102Cl203,成本费用顺序为：O3C1O2NH2C1C12,在水处理
4、过程可都会产生各自的副产物，因此对消毒剂的选择应该综合考虑。从消毒成本、使用方便性及安全性方面来说:1）氯消毒是较好的方法，但其主要问题是产生三卤甲烷等“三致”有毒副产物；2）二氧化氯消毒所产生的副产物亚氯酸盐等对人体的危害性较大；3）氯胺的杀菌效果较差，不宜单独作为饮用水消毒剂使用，但若将其与其他消毒剂结合作用，即可以保证消毒效果，又可减少三卤甲烷的产生，且可延长在配水管网中的作用时间，是可以考虑的一种消毒技术；4）臭氧消毒虽具有最强的消毒效果，并且不直接产生三卤甲烷等“三致”副产物，能明显改善水质，是令后发展的方向。这四种消毒剂应用于饮用水消毒时各有所长，又都有一定的局限性，需要结合实际情
5、况综合考虑，来选择最适宜的消毒剂。3 .氧化还原电位ORP在工业废水中的运用在工业废水中氧化剂通常用于破坏COD有机物、降粘、杀菌等。在我们使用氧化剂是需要做出一个选择，那就是氧化性的大小判断，我们就需要用到这个ORP的概念。氧化还原电位(OXidatiOn-ReductionPotential,简称ORP),也称为还原电位或氧化还原电势，是衡量氧化还原反应中氧化剂和还原剂相对强度的一个指标。它是一个电化学参数，通常用伏特(V)来表示。在电化学电池中，氧化还原电位是由电池的两个半反应的电势差决定的。这两个半反应分别是氧化半反应和还原半反应。氧化半反应是指物质失去电子的过程，而还原半反应是指物质
6、获得电子的过程。在一个氧化还原电对中，氧化剂倾向于获得电子，而还原剂倾向于失去电子。氧化还原电位的测量通常是相对于标准氢电极(StandardHydrogenEkCtrOde,SHE)来进行的。标准氢电极的电位被定义为0伏特。当其他氧化还原电位与标准氢电极构成电池时，通过测量两个电极之间的电压差，就可以得到该氧化还原电位的电位。例如下表：N。半反应EoV1F2(g)+2H+2e=2HF3.062F2(g)+2H+2e=2HF3.05330H+H+e-=H202.84Am4+e=Am3+2.65O(g)+2H+2e-=H2O2.4216FeO42+8H+3e=Fe3+4H2O2.27F20+2H
7、+4e=H20+2F2.1538S2082+2H+2e-=2HS042.1239O3+2H+2e=O2+H2O2.07610S2082+2e=2S0422.0111Ag2+e=Ag+1.9812Co3+e=Co2+(2mol1.H2S04)1.8313H2O2+2H+2e=2H2O1.77614N2O+2H+2e=N2+H2O1.76615Am022+4H+3e=Am3+2H201.7516MnO4+4H+3e=MnO2(三)+2H2O1.69517Au+e=Au1.69218PbO2(三)+SO42+4H+2e=PbSO4(三)+2H2O1.69119Mn04+4H+3e=Mn02+2H20
8、1.67920NiO2+4H+2e=Ni2+2H2O1.678NQ半反应EoV21Ce4+e=Ce3+1.66522HC102+2H+2e=HC10+H201.64523HC10+H+e=l2Cl2+H201.62242HClO+2H+2e=Cl2+2H2O1.61125H5IO6+H+2e=IO3+3H2O1.60126Bi2O4+4H+2e=2BiO+2H2O1.593272NO+2H+2e=N2O+H2O1.591282HBrO+2H+2e=Br2(aq)+2H2O1.57429HC102+3H+4e=C+2H201.5730Mn3+e=Mn2+1.54231BrO3+6H+5e=l2B
9、r2+3H2O1.5232MnO4+8H+5e=Mn2+4H2O1.50833Au3+3e=Au1.49834HC10+H+2e=C+H201.48435BrO3+6H+5e=l2Br2+3H2O1.48236ClO3+6H+5e=l2Cl2+3H2O1.4737PbO2(三)+4H+2e=Pb2+2H2O1.45538C103-+6H+6e=C+3H201.451392HIO+2H+2e=I2+2H2O1.4540Au(OH)3+3H+3e=Au+3H2O1.45412HIO+2H+2e=I2+2H2O1.43942BrO3+6H+6e=Br+3H2O1.427432NH3OH+H+2e=N
10、2H5+2H2O1.4244Au3+2e=Au+1.4145CeO2+4H+e=Ce3+2H2O1.446RuO4+6H+4e-=Ru(OH)22+2H2O1.447C104+7H+7e=l2Cl2+4H201.3948C104+8H+8e=C+4H201.3849C104+8H+7e=l2Cl2+4H201.36550Tl3+C+2e=TlCl1.3651Cl2(g)+2e-=2C1.35852HBrO+H+2e=Br+H2O1.331530.5Cr2O72+7H+3e=Cr3+3.5H2O1.33542HNO2+4H+4e-=N2O+3H2O1.29755C102+H+e=HC1021.2
11、7756Tl3+2e=Tl+1.252NQ半反应EoV57O3+H2O+2e=O2+2OH-1.2458MnO2(三)+4H+2e=Mn2+2H2O1.2359O2(g)+4H+4e=2H2O1.22960MnO2+4H+2e=Mn2+2H2O1.22461C103+3H+2e=HC102+H201.21462IO3+6H+5e=l2I2+3H2O1.263IO3+6H+5e=l2I2+3H2O1.19564C104+2H+2e=C103+H201.1965Pt2+2e=Pt1.1866lr3+3e=Ir1.15667C103+2H+e=C102+H201.15268SeO42+4H+2e=H
12、2SeO3+H2O1.15169AuCl2+e=Au+2C1.1570RuO2+4H+2e=Ru2+2H-2O1.1271Cu2+2CN+e-=CuCN)21.10372Pu5+e=Pu4+1.09973Br2(aq)+2e=2Br1.08774IO3+6H+6e=+3H2O1.08575NO2+H+e=HNO21.0776Br2(l)+2e=2Br1.06677N2O4+2H+2e=2HNO21.06578Br3+2e=3Br1.0579N2O4+4H+4e=2NO+2H2O1.035802IBr+2e=I2+2Br1.0281OsO4+4H+4e=OsO2+2H2O1.0282H6TeO6
13、+2H+2e=TeO2+4H2O1.0283AuCl4+3e=Au+4C1.00284AuCl4+3e=Au+4C1.00286PtO2+4H+4e=Pt+2H2O187V(OH)4+2H+e=VO2+3H2O188VO2+2H+e=VO2+H2O.99189IrBr62+e=IrBr63.9990HIO+H+2e=H2O.98891HNO2+H+e=NO(g)+H2O.98392AuBr2+e=Au+2Br.95993NO3+4H+3e=NO+2H2O.957NQ半反应EoV94C102(g)+e-=C102-.9595NO3+3H+2e=HNO2+H2O.93696Pd2+2e=Pd.92
14、7972Hg2+2e=Hg22+.9298ClO+H2O+2e=C+2OH-.87899N2O4+2e=2NO2-.867100IrCl62+e=IrCl63.867101Cu2+e=Cul(三).861022HNO2+4H+4e-=H2N2O2+2H2O.86103Si2(三)4H+4e=Si+2H2O.857104AuBr4+3e=Au+4Br.854105Os2+2e=Os.85106Hg2+2e=Hg.8491070s04+8H+8e=0s+4H20.8251082NO3-+4H+2e=N2O4+2H2O.803109NO3+2H+e=NO2+H2O.8110Ag+e=Ag.8IllH
15、g22+2e=2Hg.796112AgF+e-=Ag+F.779113Fe3+e=Fe2+.771114(CNS)2+2e=2CNS.77115BrO+H2O+2e=Br+2OH.761116BrO+H2O+2e=Br+2OH.76117ClO2+2H2O+4e=C+4OH.761182NO+H2O+2e=N2O+2OH-.76119Po4+4e=Po.76120Rh3+3e=Rh.758121PtCl42+2e=Pt+4C.755122Tl3+3e=TI.741123PdO2+H2O+2e=PdO+2OH.73124H3IO62+2e=IO3+3OH-.7125O2(g)+2H+2e=H2O
16、2.682126PtCl62-+2e=PtCl42+2C.68127VO2+4H+2e=V3+2H2O.668128Au(SCN)4+3e=Au+4SCN-.66129Cu2+Br+e=CuBr.66NQ半反应EoV130C102+H20+2e=C10+20H-.66131Ag2SO4+2e=2Ag+SO42.6541322HgCl2+2e-=Hg2Cl2(三)+2C.631332HgCl2+2e=Hg2CI2+2C.63134ClO3+3H2O+6e=C+6OH.62135Hg2S04(三)+2e=2Hg+S042-.615136Hg2SO4+2e=2Hg+SO42.613137UO2+4H
17、+e=U4+2H2O.612138BrO3+3H2O+6e=Br+6OH-.611392AgO+H2O+2e=Ag2O+2OH.607140PdBr42+2e=Pd+4Br.6141Rh2+2e=Rh.6142MnO42+2H2O+2e=MnO2+4OH.6143MnO4+2H2O+3e=MnO2+4OH.593144TeO2+4H+4e=Te+2H2O.593145CH3OH+2H+2e=CH4+H2O.59146Sb2O5+6H+4e=2SbO+3H2O.581147Cu2+C+e=CuCl.57148Te4+4e=Te.568149AgNO2+e=Ag+NO2.564150S2062+4
18、H+2e-=2H2S03.564151MnO4+e=MnO42.561152Bi2O4+H2O+2e=Bi2O3+2OH.56153H3AsO4+2H+2e=HAsO2+2H2O.559154AgBrO3+e=Ag+BrO3.546155Hg2CrO4+2e-=2Hg+Cr42.54156l3+2e=3.538157I2(三)+2e=2.535158Mo(VI)+e=Mo(V).53159Cu+e=Cu.521160S02(aq)+H+1.5e=0.25S4062+0.5H20.51161ReO4+4H+3e=ReO2+2H2O.51162AuI+e=Au+.5163Bi+e=Bi.5164N
19、iO2+2H2O+2e=Ni(OH)2+2OH-.4916510-+H20+2e=+20H-.485NQ半反应EoV166HgCl42+2e=Hg+4C.48167TcO4+8H+7e=Tc+4H2O.472168Ag2CO3+2e=2Ag+CO32.47169Ag2W04+2e=2Ag+W042-.466170Ag2C2O4+2e=2Ag+C2O42.465171Ag2MoO4+2e=2Ag+MoO42.457172Ru2+2e=Ru.455173H2SO3+4H+4e=S+3H2O.449174Ag2CrO4+2e=2Ag+CrO42.447175O2+2H2O+4e=4OH.401176
20、S02(aq)+H+2e=0.5S232+0.5H20.4177FeF63+e=Fe2+6F.41780sCl63+e=0s2+6C.4179Tc2+2e=Tc.4180Ag(NH32+e-=Ag2NH3.373181(CN)2+2H+2e=2HCN.373182ReO4+8H+7e=Re+4H2O.368183Ag2SeO4+2e=2Ag+SeO42.363184Fe(CN)63+e=Fe(CN)64-.36185C104+H20+2e=C103+20H.36186Fe(CN)63-+e-=Fe(CN)64-.358187AgIO3+e=Ag+IO3.354188Cu2+2e=Cu(Hg).
21、345189Ag2O+H2O+2e-=2Ag+2OH.342190Cu2+2e=Cu.341191VO2+2H+e=V3+H2O.337192Cu2+e=Cu+.3361932HCNO+2H+2e=(CN)2+2H2O.33194UO22+4H+2e=U4+2H2O.327195BiO+2H+3e=Bi+H2O.32196BiO+2H+3e-=Bi+H2O.32197Bi3+3e=Bi.308198ICN+2e=+CN-.3199Re3+3e=Re.3200Hg2Cl2(三)+2e-=2Hg+2C.268201Hg2Cl2+2e-=2Hg+2C(饱和KClJ.268NQ半反应EoV202IO3
22、+3H2O+6e=+6OH.26203ReO2+4H+4e=Re+2H2O.251204PbO+4H+2e=Pb+H2O.25205HAsO2+3H+3e=As+2H2O.248206Ge2+2e=Ge.24207As2O3+6H+6e=2As+3H2O.234208AgCl+e=Ag+C.222209Hg2(SCN)2+2e=2Hg+2SCN-.22210SbO+2H+3e=Sb+H2O.212211HgBr42+2e=Hg+4Br-.21212IO3+3H2O+5e=0.5I2+6OH-.21213HCHO+2H+2e=CH3OH.19214CuCl2+e=Cu+2C.19215SO42+
23、4H+2e=SO2(aq)+H2O.172216Co(OH)3+e=Co(OH)2+OH-.17217BiCl4+3e=Bi+4C.16218BiOCl+2H+3e=Bi+C+H2O.159219Sn4+2e=Sn2+.152220Sb2O3+6H+6e=2Sb+3H2O.152221IO3+2H2O+4e=IO+4OH-.15222Ag4Fe(CN6+4e-=4Ag+Fe(CN)64-.148223S+2H+2e=H2S(aq).142224Sn(OH)3-+3H+2e=Sn2+3H2O.142225S+2H+2e-=H2S(g).141226Hg2+Br2+2e=2Hg+2Br.14227
24、Pt(OH)2+2e-=Pt+2OH-.14228Hg2Br2+2e=2Hg+2Br-.139229Hg2O+H2O+2e=2Hg+2OH.123230Co(NH3)63+e-=Co(NH3)62+.108231Si+4H+4e=SiH4(g).102232TiO2+2H+e=Ti3+H2O.1233W3+3e=W.1234HgO+H2O+2e=Hg+2OH-.098235N2+2H2O+6H+6e=2NH4OH.092236AgSCN+e=Ag+SCN.09237S4062-+2e-=2S2032.08NQ半反应EoV238AgBr(三)+e=Ag+Br-.071239Pd(OH)2+2e-
25、=Pd+2OH一.07240CuBr2+e=Cu+2Br.05241SeO42+H2O+2e=SeO32+2OH.05242Tl2O3+3H2O+4e-=2Tl+6OH.02243NO3+H2O+2e=NO2+2OH-.012442H+2e=H20245CuI2+e=Cu+20246Ge4+2e=Ge2+0247AgCN+e=Ag+CN-.017248W2O5+2H+2e=2WO2+H2O-.031249Ag2S+2H+2e=2Ag+H2S-.037250Fe3+3e-=Fe-.037251Hg2l2+2e=2Hg+2-.04252B(OH)3+7H+8e=BH4+3H2O-.048253P(
26、白磷)+3H+3e-=PH3(g)-.063254O2+H2O+2e=HO2+OH-.0722552Cu(OH)2+2e=Cu2O+2OH-+H2O-.08256TiOCl+2H+3C+e=TiCI4+H2O-.09257W03+6H+6e=W+3H20-.09258SnO2+4H+4e=Sn+2H2O-.117259Ge2+2H+2e=GeO(棕色)+出0-.118260CH3COOH+2H+2e=CH3CHO+H2O-.12261CO2+2H+2e=CO+H2O-.12262CO2(g)+2H+2e=CO+H2O-.12263Cu(NH3)2+e=Cu+2NH3-.12264Pb2+2e=
27、Pb(Hg)-.121265Pb2+2e=Pb-.126266CrO42+4H2O+3e=Cr(OH)3+5OH-.13267Sn2+2e=Sn-.138268In+e=In-.14269OsO2+2H2O+4e=Os+4OH-.15270AgI(三)+e-=Ag+-.152271H2GeO3+4H+4e=Ge+3H2O-.182272SnCl42+2e=Sn+4C(lmol1.HCl)-.19273CO2+2H+2e=HCOOH-.199NQ半反应EoV274Mo3+3e=Mo-.2275Cu(OH)2+2e=Cu+2OH-.222276l2V2Os+5H+5e=V+2.5H2O-.2422
28、77CdS04+2e=Cd+S042-.246278H2SeO3+4H+4e=Se+3H2O-.247279SnF62+4e=Sn+6F-.25280Ni2+2e=Ni-.254281V3+e=V2+-.255282PbCl2+2e=Pb+2C-.268283CuSCN+e=Cu+SCN-.27284Ge2+2H+2e-=GeO(黄色)+电0-.273285H3PO4+2H+2e-=H3PO3+H2O-.276286Co2+2e=Co-.279287PbBr2+2e-=Pb+2Br-.284288Ag(CN)2-+e-=Ag+2CN-.31289TcO4+2H2O+3e=TcO2+4OH-.3
29、11290Tl+e=Tl-.336291AsO2+2H2O+3e=As+4OH-.34292In3+3e=In-.34293TlOH+e=Tl+OH-.34294Tl(OH)+e=Tl+OH-.34295PbF2+2e=Pb+2F-.344296Cd2+2e=Cd(Hg)-.352297PbS04(三)+2e=Pb+S042-.355298PbS04+2e=Pb+S042-.359299Cu2O+H2O+2e=2Cu+2OH-.36300Eu3+e=Eu2+-.36301PbI2+2e=Pb+2-.365302SeO32+3H2O+4e=Se+6OH-.366303Se+2H+2e=H2Se(
30、aq)-.399304Se+2H+2e=H2Se-.4305Cd2+2e=Cd-.403306Cr3+e=Cr2+-.408307Co(NH3)62+2e=Co+6NH3-.427308Tl2S04+2e-=2Tl+S042-.436309Fe2+2e=Fe-.445NQ半反应EoV310NiCO3+2e=Ni+CO32-.45311H3PO3+3H+3e=P+3H2O-.454312Bi2O3+3H2O+6e=2Bi+6OH-.46313NO2+H2O+e=NO+2OH-.46314S+2e=S2-.476315S+H2O+2e=SH+OH-.4783162CO2+2H+2e=H2C2O4-
31、.49317H3PO3+2H+2e=H3PO2+H2O-.499318TiO2+4H+2e-=Ti2+2H2O-.502319PbCO3+2e=Pb+CO32-.506320H3PO2+H+e=P+2H2O-.508321Sb+3H+3e=SbH3-.51322HPbO2+H2O+2e-=Pb+3OH-.538323As+3H+3e=AsH3-.551324Ga3+3e=Ga-.552325TlCl+e=Tl+C-.557326Fe(0H)3+e=Fe(0H)2+0H-.56327TeO32+3H2O+4e=Te+6OH-.573282S032+3H20+4e-=S2032+60H-.5743
32、29SO32+1.5H2O+2e=0.5S2O32+3OH-.58330PbO+H2O+2e=Pb+2OH-.58331ReO4+4H2O+7e=Re+8OH-.584332SbO3+H2O+2e=SbO2+2OH-.59333ReO4+2H2O+3e=ReO2+4OH-.59334AsS43+2e=AsS2+2S2-.6335Ta3+3e=Ta-.6336U4+e=U3+-.607337Nb2O5+5H+5e=Nb+2.5H2O-.644338TlBr+e=TI+Br-.658339SO32+3H2O+4e=S+6OH-.66340SbO2+2H2O+3e=Sb+4OH-.66341HgS(
33、黑色)+2e-=Hg+S2-.67342NbO2+4H+4e=Nb+2H2O-.69343Ag2S+2e=2Ag+S2-.691344AsO43+2H2O+2e=AsO2+4OH-.7345CuS+2e=Cu+S2-.7NQ半反应EoV346HgS(Efe)+2e=Hg+S2-.7347Ni(OH)2+2e=Ni+2OH-.72348Co(OH)2+2e=Co+2OH-.73349Si+4H20+4e-=SiH4+40H-.73350Cr3+3e=Cr-.744351AsS2+3e=As+2S2-.753520.5Ta2Os+5H+5e=Ta+2.5H2O-.75353TlI+e=Tl+I-.
34、752354Zn2+2e=Zn-.762355Zn2+2e=Zn(Hg)-.763356CdO+H2O+2e=Cd+2OH-.783357Te+2H+2e=H2Te-.793358ZnS04+2e=Zn(Hg)+S042-.799359Cd(OH)2+2e-=Cd(Hg)+2OH-.8093602H2O+2e=H2+2OH-.828361PtS+2e=Pt+S2-.833622NO3+2H2O+2e=N2O4+4OH-.85363SiO2+4H+4e=Si+2H2O-.857364TiO2+4H+4e-=Ti+2H2O-.86365P+3H2O+3e=PH3(g)+3OH-.87366H3BO
35、3+3H+3e=B+3H2O-.87367Fe(OH)2+2e=Fe+2OH-.877368Ti3+e=Ti2+-.9369HSnO2+H2O+2e=Sn+3OH-.909370Cr2+2e=Cr-.912371Se+2e=Se2-.923372Sn(OH)62+2e=HSnO2+H2O+3OH-.93373SO42+H2O+2e=SO32+2OH-.93374NpO2+H2O+H+e=Np(OH)3-.962375CNO+H2O+2e=CN+2OH-.97376In(OH)3+3e=In+3OH-.99377HGeO3+2H2O+4e=Ge+5OH-1378W042+4H20+6e=W+80
36、H-1.01379BF4+3e=B+4F-1.04380Zn(NH3)42+2e=Zn+4NH3-1.04381Mo042+4H20+6e=Mo+80H-1.05NQ半反应EoV382PO43+2H2O+2e=HPO32+3OH-1.05383Cd(CN)42+2e=Cd+4CN-1.09384Nb3+3e=Nb-1.0993852SO32+2H2O+2e=S2O42+4OH-1.12386Te+2e=Te2-1.143387CdS+2e-=Cd+S2-1.17388V2+2e=V-1.175389Mn2+2e=Mn-1.184390CrO2+2H2O+3e=Cr+4OH-1.2391No3+
37、3e=No-1.2392ZnO22+2H2O+2e-=Zn+4OH-1.216393H2GaO3+H2O+2e=Ga+4OH-1.219394SiF62+4e=Si+6F-1.24395Zn(OH)2+2e=Zn+2OH-1.249396Zn(CN)42+2e=Zn+4CN-1.26397Cr(CN)63-+e-=Cr(CN)64-1.28398H2GaO3+H2O+3e=Ga+4OH-1.29399Pa3+3e=Pa-1.34400As+3H2O+3e=AsH3+3OH-1.37401Ti3+3e=Ti-1.37402UO2+4H+4e=U+2H2O-1.4403ZnS+2e=Zn+S2-1.4404Ce3+3e=Ce(Hg)-1.437405UO22+4H+6e=U+2H2O-1.444406Cr(OH)3+3e=Cr+3OH-1.48407Pa4+4e=Pa-1.49408Fe(CN)64+2e=Fe+6CN-1.5409Hf4+4e=Hf-1.55410ZrO2+4H+4e=Zr+2H2O-1.553411Mn(OH)2+2e=Mn+2OH-1.56412Ti2+2e=Ti-1.63413
