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1、增压柴油发动机的正确使用和保养1、车用增压柴油机在增压器发生故障后、可否拆掉增压器，使柴油机连续运转？作为应急措施，可以在汽车行驶途中，增压器发生故障无法马上修复时拆去增压器，使车辆驶向最近的一汽服务站，实行措施尽快排解增压器的故障。由于，当增压器拆去后，柴油机的动力性能必定会下降，燃油消耗也会提升。在拆卸涡轮增压器时，应将柴油机气缸体上原通向涡轮增压器的进、回油管分别用螺塞堵塞住，使机油压力腔不泄压，肯定不要将进、出油口联通，这将使柴油机润滑机油无法形成足够的机油压力，进而发生烧损柴油机曲轴、连杆等零件的恶性事故。2、在增压柴油机使用过程中最关键的留意事项是什么？答：最关键的是保证增压器转子
2、轴承的压力润滑。增压器的转子组件，在工作时的额定转速高达每分钟IO万转以上，这样高的转速下，任何滚动轴承已无法正常工作。所以增压器所采纳的是用压力油把轴托浮起来的液压轴承。保持肯定压力的润滑油，在特殊设计的轴承压力室中，产生一个向中心的力、保持轴与套不产生金属接触磨损。同时循环流淌的压力油还把运转过程中的热量带走，保证轴承的工作温度在允许的范围内。为此，使用增压柴油机的司机伴侣们要关注以下几点：(1)增压柴油机在每次启动后要怠速运行35分钟，使机油泵工作正常并建立必要的机油压力，保证压力油到达位于柴油机最上端的增压器轴承处。(2)不要突然关机停车，应渐渐降低柴油机转速到怠速运行35分钟，待增压
3、器转子的转速大幅度下降后再关闭油门。(3)新车启动前或长期封存不用的增压发动机再次启动前，要在增压器进油口加注纯洁机油50ml以上(牌号与柴油机油相同)。3、增压器在全负荷工作时，废气涡轮外壳烧呈暗红色高温状态属正常吗?它的极限工作温度是多少？柴油机正常排气温度在600C-700C,而增压柴油机的高温燃气在涡壳内推动转子高速转动、涡壳的温度能达到近750,外壳在黑暗环境下呈暗红色属正常现象，它的极限温度在1023K(750)。当增压器涡壳温度过高时，往往发生柴油机工作不正常，增压器转子超转速现象，应马上降低负荷停车检查，以防烧损涡轮部分零件，高温的主要缘由如下：(1)柴油机喷油泵供油量过大，柴
4、油机工作粗暴或燃烧不完全，排气温度提升。喷油泵调速失灵而。飞车”引起增压器转子超速，也要发生高温。(2)柴油机喷油咀喷射压力低，积碳，雾化不好，燃烧不良。(5)喷油泵的出油阀或柱塞严峻磨损，形成二次喷射燃烧不充分。(4)喷油提前角过小、柴油燃烧时间短促，燃烧不完全。(5)排气背压高、排气不畅，排气散热力量减弱，(6)增压压力下降(可能是进气不畅，空滤器堵塞，或进气管漏气)进入气缸空气少、燃烧不良而高温。4、涡轮增压器采纳什么牌号的机油?在使用润滑油中的日常质量掌握有哪些？答：增压器长期在高温燃气腐蚀条件下工作，轴承温度很高，工作条件恶劣。所用润滑油必需具备防止高温沉积，抗腐蚀和抗氧化力量。所以
5、应采纳CD级润滑油，推举使用15W40CD级或15W30CD级。加注机油要留意机油的清洁度，标准要求杂质颗粒度不大于0.015mm,当添加补充机油时要使用同一品牌机油。由于增压器与柴油机共用同一油池(油底壳)，所以日常检查要留意机油是否变质，有无柴油漏入而稀释的问题。对整机三滤进行保养时，要特殊留意增压器油路上的畅通，滤清器脏了要准时更换，漏油处准时修兔。5、增压柴油机日常保养时有关增压器部分要做哪些工作？(I)检查各连接部位的坚固性紧固松动的连接螺栓或螺母。(2)检查各环节的密封性，各部接口无漏气现象，特殊留意压气机后的环节发生漏气，将影响到压缩比，进而造胜利率下降，油耗增加。(3)涡轮增压
6、器属于精密产品，只要运转平稳，无漏油现象一般不允许拆卸保养，但在运行过程中发觉有异响或特别状况，则要停机，然后拆开压气机壳和空滤连接处，手动检查转子转动的敏捷性，细心观看和倾听有无叶轮与壳体的擦碰声。(4)检查有无漏机油的现象，特殊留意涡轮外壳工作时温度很高，机油泄漏接触涡壳会引起火灾。当增压器产生不正常噪音时、决不能连续使用、否则有可能导致发动机全面损坏。应找出缘由,加以消退。必要时先关闭发动机。然后对增压器进行检查。用手拨动转子，若很快停止或有碰擦声，应按修理手册进行增压器拆检.也可送至有条件修理站修第。留意：必需持增压器发动机停机后才可脱开压气机前管道，否则运转中的增压器会因压气机端强大
7、的吸力，造成人员损害。此外可能有外来物吸入增压器而损坏叶轮。Properuseandmaintenanceofthesuperchargeddieselengines1carswithturbochargeddieselengineturbochargerfailure,canteardowntheturbocharger,thedieselenginetocontinuerunning?Asanemergencymeasure,travelinginthecarontheway,turbochargerfailurecannotberepairedimmediatelytoremovethe
8、superchargerthevehicletowardstheFAWservicestation,totakemeasuresassoonaspossibletoruleoutthefailureoftheturbocharger.Whentheturbochargerisremoved,thedynamicperformanceofthedieselenginewillinevitablydeclineinfuelconsumptionwillrise.Inthedisassemblyoftheturbocharger,thedieselenginecylinderbodyUeharash
9、ouldtotheturbochargerinletandreturnpipeplugtoplugtolive,notrelief,mustnotentertheoilpressurechamber,theoilexportUnicomThiswillallowthedieselenginelubricatingoilisnotenoughoilpressure,andthenburningofthedieselenginecrankshafts,connectingrodsandotherpartsoftheseriousaccident.Whatisthemostcriticalinthe
10、processofturbochargeddieselengineuseprecautions?A:Themostcrucialistoensurethatthepressureoftheturbochargerrotorbearinglubrication.Turbochargerrotorassembly,intheworkoftheratedspeeduptomorethan100000perminute,turn,suchahighspeed,Rollingdoesnotwork.Turbochargeroilpressureaxispropfloathydraulicbearing.
11、Tomaintainacertainpressure,lubricatingoil,inaspeciallydesignedbearingpressurechamber,resultinginaforcetothecenter,tokeeptheshaftandthesleevedoesnotproducemetalcontactwear.Alsoduringoperationofthecircularflowofoilpressureintheheataway,toensurethatthebearingoperatingtemperaturerangeallowed.Tothisend,t
12、urbochargeddieselenginedriverfriendstopayattentiontothefollowing:(1) turbochargeddieselenginetobeidleaftereverytimeyoustarttorunfor3-5minutes,sothattheoilpumpisworkingproperlyandestablishthenecessaryoilpressuretoensurethattheoilpressurereachestheturbochargerbearingindieselenginetop.(2) Donotshutdown
13、suddenlystop,shouldgraduallyreducetheenginespeedtoidlerunningfor3-5minutes,untiltheturbochargerrotorspeeddroppedsignificantlyandthenclosethethrottle.(3) anewcarbeforethestartoflong-termstoragewithoutthesuperchargedengineisstartedagainbeforetheturbochargerinlettoraisemorethanpureoil50ml(gradedieselen
14、gineoil).(4) theturbochargerintheworkinghoursoffullload,theexhaustturbinehousingburneddarkredhightemperatureisnormal?Itsoperatingtemperaturelimitishowmuch?Normaldieselengineexhausttemperatureof600-700,hightemperaturegasturbochargeddieselenginedrivenvortexshellrotorhigh-speedrotation,thethevolutetemp
15、eraturecanreachnearly750oC,theshellinthedark,darkredisanormalphenomenon,itslimittemperatureof1023K(750C).Oftenoccurswhenthehightemperatureoftheturbochargerturbinehousingofthedieselengineisnotworkingproperly,thesuperspeedoftheturbochargerrotorphenomenonshouldimmediatelyreducetheloadstopandcheck,topre
16、ventburningoftheturbinepartoftheparts,hightemperatureofthemainreasonsareasfollows:(1) dieselfuelinjectionpumpoilexcessivedieselcrudeorincompletecombustion,theexhausttemperature.Failureoffuelinjectionpumpgovernor.Speedcausedbytheturbochargerrotorspeeding,butalsoofhightemperature.(2) dieselfuelinjecti
17、onnozzleinjectionpressureislow,carbondeposition,atomizationburningbad.(5)fuelinjectionpumpdeliveryvalveorplungerseverewear,theformationofsecondaryinjectioncombustionisnotsufficient.(4) fuelinjectionadvanceangleistoosmall,dieselcombustiontimeisshort,incompletecombustion.(5) highexhaustbackpressure,po
18、orexhaust,exhaustcoolingcapacityweakened.(6) boostpressuredrop(whichmaybepoorintake,airfilterblockage,orintakemanifoldleak)intothecylinderairlessburningofpoorhightemperature.Turbochargerwithwhatbrandofoil?Intheuseofoilinthedailyqualitycontrol?A:turbochargerlong-termhigh-temperaturegascorrosioncondit
19、ions,thehighbearingtemperature,poorworkingconditions.Thelubricantmustpossesstopreventthehightemperaturedeposition,corrosionresistanceandantioxidantcapacity.SoCDgradelubricantsshouldbeused,itisrecommendedtouse15W-40CDlevelor15W-30CD-level.Fillingoiltopayattentiontothecleanlinessoftheoil,thestandardre
20、quirementsoftheimpurityparticlesizelessthan0.015mm,tousethesamebrandofoilwhenaddingasupplementaryoil.Thesuperchargeranddieselenginessharethesameoilsump(oilpan),soroutineinspectionsshouldpayattentiontotheoilwhetherthedeterioration,andwhetherthedieselfuelleakintotheproblemofdilution.Threefilteronthema
21、chineformaintenance,topayspecialattentiontothesmoothflowoftheturbochargeroilontheroad,thefilterisdirtytothetimelyreplacementoftheoilspillatthetimelyrepair.5,theroutinemaintenanceoftheturbochargeddieselengineturbochargerparttodowhat?Connection(1)Checkalljointssolidfasteninglooseboltsornuts.(7) Checkt
22、helinkinthetightnessofministriesinterfaceleakagephenomenon,specialattentiontotheafterpartofthecompressorairleakwillaffectthecompressionratio,therebycausingthepowerdrop,increasesfuelconsumption.(8) Theturbochargerisaprecisionproduct,smoothoperation,leakagegenerallydoesnotpermitthedemolitionandmainten
23、ance,butabnormalsoundorabnormalconditionsfoundduringoperation,willhavetostop,andthenopenthecompressorshellandemptyfilterconnectionsandtheflexibilitytomanuallycheckforrotorrotation,andcarefullyobserveandlistentowhethertheimpellerandshellcollisionsound.(9) Checkleakoilphenomenon,payingparticularattent
24、iontotheworkoftheturbinecasingtemperatureishigh,theoilleakcontactthevolutecancauseafire.Abnormalnoisewhentheturbochargermustnotcontinuetouse,ortheymaycausetheenginetofulldamage.Shouldidentifythecausesandeliminatethem.Ifnecessary,shutoffengine.Thenturbochargercheck.Handstrucktherotortostopsoonorgrazi
25、ngsoundshouldrepairmanualturbochargerOverhauling.Canalsobesenttoqualifiedservicestationrepair.Note:Youmustholdtheengineshutdownaftertheturbochargerinordertodisengagethecompressorbeforethepipeline,ortheoperationoftheturbochargerduetothepowerfulsuctionofthecompressorside,resultinginpersonalinjury.Theremaybeaforeigninhalationthesuperchargeddamagetheimpeller.
