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1、1. Pathogenic cocci 2. Other bacteria,1. Pathogenic cocci,1. Pathogenic cocciConcept of pathogenic bacteria 13minStaphylococcus (Esp., S. aureus) 56minStreptococcus (Esp., S. pyogenes) 38minEnterococcus species and VRE 5minNeisseria meningitides Neisseria gonorrhoeae 13min2. Other bacteriaPseudomona
2、s aeruginosa 10min,Highlights of content,1. Pathogenic cocciHighlights,Up to every pathogen, the following will be talked:,Biological properties Pathogenicity Immunity Microbiological detections Prevention and treatment,Up to every pathogen, the foll,Pustule (脓疱) by S. aureus,Pustule (脓疱) by S. aure
3、us,Pustule (脓疱) by S. aureus,Paronychia (甲沟炎) by S. aureus,Pustule (脓疱) by S. aureusParon,Sore throat (咽喉炎) by S. pyogenes,Sore throat (咽喉炎) by S. pyogen,Untreated erysipelas (丹毒) by S. pyogenes with skin sloughing and necrosis,Untreated erysipelas (丹毒) by,Necrotizing Fasciitis (坏死性筋膜炎)by flesh-eati
4、ng bacteria (S. pyogenes, anaerobic bacteria, etc.), and insects (bee, etc.) stinging,Necrotizing Fasciitis (坏死性筋膜炎),Chest x-ray Film 1just a few hours of rigors and productive cough,Chest x-ray Film 212 hours laterconsolidation in the right upper lobe,Lobar pneumonia (大叶性肺炎) by S. pneumoniae,Chest
5、x-ray Film 1Chest x-ray,Meningococcal septicemia (脑膜炎球菌性败血症) by N. meningitidis, widespread ecchymoses,Meningococcal septicemia (脑膜炎球,Gonococcal conjunctivitis (淋菌性结膜炎) by N. gonorrhoeae,Gonococcal conjunctivitis (淋菌性,Causative agents of above clinical diseases?,Causative agents of above clin,What i
6、s Pathogenic cocci ? also called Pyogenic cocci (化脓性球菌),Including -Staphylococcus (S. aureus & S. epidermidis) (金黄色葡萄球菌与表皮葡萄球菌 ) -Streptococcus (Group A Streptococci, S. pyogenes) (A群链球菌 or 化脓性链球菌) -Streptococcus pneumoniae (肺炎链球菌) -Neisseria gonorrhoeae (淋病奈瑟菌) -Neisseria meningitidis (脑膜炎奈瑟菌),What
7、 is Pathogenic cocci ? In,Important cocci,Gram stain Bacterial genera G+ Genus staphylococcus Genus streptococcus G- Genus Neisseria ( N. meningitides N. gonorrhoeae ),Important cocci Gram stain,Staphylococcus aureus,Important pyogenic coccusLeading pathogen of wound infections (including other stap
8、hylococci),Staphylococcus aureusImportant,Shape, Stain & Culture spherical, elliptical, irregular grape-like cluster Gram+ (G+) Grow well on basic medium,Biological properties,Shape, Stain & CultureBiologi,athogeniccocci病原性球菌-课件,athogeniccocci病原性球菌-课件,Antigenic structure Staphylococcal protein A (SP
9、A) One kind of surface protein in cell wall Single chain peptide Actions Binds (bacterium) to hosts IgG1, IgG2 & IgG4 coagglutination test Competes w/ Fc receptors of phagocytes resists phagocytosis,Antigenic structure,Coagglutination test with inert particles (e.g., heat-killed S. aureus or latex b
10、eads),Coagglutination test with iner,SPA may resist phagocytosis by competively binding with Fc receptors of phagocytes,SPA may resist phagocytosis by,Capsule Teichoic acid (polysaccharide) polysaccharide A S. aureus polysaccharide B S. epidermidis,Phases of phagocytosis,CapsulePhases of phagocytosi
11、s,Important Properties of 3 Main Species of Staphylococci,Important Properties of 3 Main,Pathogenicity & immunity,Pathogenicity & immunity,Pathogenic substances,Coagulase, Fibrinolysin, Heat,Coagulase,Coagulase Free Coagulaseactiva,Virulence Protection actions Infection localized,Bound coagulase(结合凝
12、固酶) or clumping factor(凝聚因子) plasma to be cloted or bacteria to coagulate Slide coagulase test,Virulence Bound coagulase(结合凝,classified into -, -, -, & -toxin -toxin makes pores in cell membranes,Staphylolysin(葡萄球菌溶素),classified into -, -, -, &,kills or degranulates neutrophils & macrophages,leukoci
13、din kills or degranulat,including type A & type B causes staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS),Exfoliatin (表皮剥夺毒素),including type A & type BExfo,including serotype A, B, C1-3,athogeniccocci病原性球菌-课件,Others,heat-stable nuclease (耐热核酸酶),Othersheat-stable nuclease (耐热,athogeniccocci病原性球菌-课件,athoge
14、niccocci病原性球菌-课件,Clinical diseases,Invasive diseases,Toxin-mediated diseases,Pyogenic infections -local infections-systemic infections,-food poisoning-staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)-toxic shock syndrome (TSS),Clinical diseasesInvasive dise,Folliculitis (毛囊炎) by S. aureus,Folliculitis (毛
15、囊炎) by S. aureu,Bullous Impetigo by S. aureus,Bullous Impetigo by S. aureus,A S. aureus infection on a 12-year-old childs cheek,A S. aureus infection on a 12-,Pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections,Pathogenesis of staphylococcal,Microbiological diagnosis,Microbiological diagnosisAnima,Identificat
16、ion of pathogenic staphylococci,Coagulase (+) Heat-stable nuclease (+) Golden pigment (+) Hemolyzation (+) Mannite fermentation (+),Identification of pathogenic s,Prevention & treatment,Prevention & treatmentPreventi,Methicillin-resistant S. aureus, MRSA (耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌),Coagulase-negative staphylococ
17、ci (CNS) (凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌),Methicillin-resistant S. aureu,Compare the features of common pyogenic bacteria.Discuss the pathogenic features and identification points of Staphylococcus aureus.,Questions:,Compare the features of common,Streptococci,Streptococci,G+, spherical, elliptical, arranged in chain Gr
18、ow well on nutrient medium w/ blood,Biological properties,Shape, Stain & Culture,G+, spherical, elliptical, ar,athogeniccocci病原性球菌-课件,athogeniccocci病原性球菌-课件,Antigenic structure,Protein antigen surface Ag, outside C antigen type-specific including M,T,R,S in Group A Polysaccharid antigen C Ag group-s
19、pecific Nucleoprotein P Ag non-specific,Cell cytoplasm Cell membrane,Peptidoglycan,Capsule,Antigenic structure Protein an,Classification,ClassificationAccording to -h,Pathogenicity,Pathogenicity,Group A Streptococci (S. pyogenes),Group A Streptococci (S. pyog,Pathogenic substances,Pathogenic substan
20、ces Protein,Streptolysin (SL, 链球菌溶素)Toxin,Streptolysin S (SLS, 链球菌溶素S) -low MW glycopeptide -oxygen-stable -causes -hemolysis on Blood Agar plate -non-antigenic,Streptolysin O (SLO, 链球菌溶素O) -protein w/ SH group -oxygen-labile -destroys many kinds of cells -anti-SLO test (ASO test) helpful for diagno
21、sis,Streptolysin,Streptolysin S (SLS, 链球菌溶素S)St,-coded by lysogenic bacteriophage-proteins including serotype A, B, C-causes scarlet fever (猩红热)-one kind of superantigens-also causes TSS,Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE) (链球菌致热外毒素),-coded by lysogenic bacterioph,Streptokinase (SK, 链激酶)-also cal
22、led as streptococcal fibrinolysin (链球菌溶纤维蛋白酶),Streptodornase (SD, 链道酶)-hydrolyzes DNA,Hyaluronidase (透明质酸酶)-also called as spreading factor (扩散因子)-hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid in connective tissue-helpful for spreading of bacteria,Streptokinase (SK, 链激酶)Strepto,athogeniccocci病原性球菌-课件,Clinical diseases
23、,Pyogenic infections,Toxin-mediated diseases,Allergic diseases (late complications),-scarlet fever (猩红热)-Streptococcal toxin-mediated TSS,-rheumatic fever (风湿热)-acute glomeruloniphritis (急性肾小球肾炎),Clinical diseasesPyogenic infe,Erysipelas (丹毒) by S. pyogenes,Erysipelas (丹毒) by S. pyogenes,Cellulitis
24、(蜂窝组织炎) by S. pyogenes,Cellulitis (蜂窝组织炎) by S. pyoge,Honey-crust lesion typical of S. pyogenes impetigo,Honey-crust lesion typical o,Pathogenesis of S. pyogenes infections,Pathogenesis of S. pyogenes in,Samples,Pus, Blood, Nasopharynx swab,Isolation w/ blood agar plate,distinguishing from S. pneumo
25、niae,Smear & microscopy,G+ streptococci,distinguishing from staphylococciOther streptococci,-hemolysis,Assist-diagnosis for rheumatic fever,-hemolysis,ASO test,Microbiological diagnosis,SamplesPus, Blood, Nasopharynx,S. pneumoniae Group B streptococci Group D streptococci Viridans (-hemolytic) strep
26、tococci Streptococcus suis (猪链球菌) Enterococcus species (肠球菌) & VRE,Other streptococci,S. pneumoniaeOther streptococ,Enterococcus species and VRE,Enterococcus species and VRE,Enterococcus spp.(肠球菌),Previously classified as Group D streptococci In 1984, named as genus Enterococcus Gram+ cocci in pairs
27、 or short chains Most are facultative anaerobes Complex nutritional requirements Group D specific teichoic acid antigen,Enterococcus spp. Previously c,Enterococcus spp. viewed by direct fluorescent antibody (FA) reaction,Enterococcus spp. viewed by di,Enterococcus spp.,Commonly found in the intestin
28、es of normal healthy individuals (humans and animals). 2 important human diseases-related spp. E. faecalis (粪肠球菌) and E. faecium (屎肠球菌) Cause Urinary tract infections Bacteremia & septicaemia Subacute endocarditis Wound infections Foodborne diseases Meningitis Nosocomial infections,Enterococcus spp.
29、 Commonly fou,One of important life-threatening nosocomial pathogens Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE, 耐万古霉素肠球菌) Since 1986, VRE infections has become a growing problem,One of important life-threate,1. Discuss the pathogenic features of Streptococcus pyogenes.2. Discuss identification points be
30、tween hemolytic streptococci and other pyogenic bacteria.,Questions:,1. Discuss the pathogenic feat,Neisseria gonorrhoeae (淋病奈瑟菌),Neisseria gonorrhoeae,Biological properties,Shape and stain -G- diplococci in or on PMNs on pus smear -No endospore & flagellum, & w/ capsule & pili,Biological properties
31、 Shape an,athogeniccocci病原性球菌-课件,Culture -Obligate aerobes, need 5% CO2 while primary isolation -High nutritional requirement “Chocolate Blood Agar Plate”,Antigenic structure and classification -Pilus protein antigens -Outer membrane protein antigens：PI, PII, & PIII -LOS (lipooligosaccharide, 脂寡糖),
32、LPS-like,Culture Antigenic structure a,N. gonorrhoeae colonies on Chocolate Blood Agar Plate,N. gonorrhoeae colonies,Pathogenesis,Virulent factors-Pili-Outer membrane proteins-LOS-IgA1 protease-Others,PathogenesisVirulent factors,Clinical findings -Gonorrhea -Gonococcal conjunctivitis,Clinical findi
33、ngs,Gonorrhea symptoms,Gonorrhea symptoms-Urethritisi,Clinical manifestations of N. gonorrhoeae infection,Clinical manifestations of N.,Immunity,Humoral immunity more effective No persistent immune responses Infection trend to -chronic & repeated occurrence,Immunity Humoral immunity more,Microbiolog
34、ical detections,Nucleic acids detection, & so on,Samples,Pus secreta from genito-urinary tracts, eyes, & others,Isolation,Oxidase testSugar fermentation testImmunofluorescence assay,Smear & microscopy,G- diplococci in or on PMNs,Colonies & microscopic findings,Biochemical reactions & serologic tests
35、,Other tests,Microbiological detectionsNucl,Prevention & treatment,Take preventions as main measure Choose penicillin as No. 1 drug，take care of problems of drugs-resistant bacterial stains,Prevention & treatment Take pr,1. What are the main differences between Neisseria meningitides and Neisseria g
36、onorrhoeae.,Question:,1. What are the main differenc,Pseudomonas aeruginosa(铜绿假单胞菌),P190,Pseudomonas aeruginosaP190,Shape, Stain & Culture G bacili single terminal flagellum appears capsule in some bacterial strains grows readily and rapidly on many media produces several kinds of water-soluble pigm
37、ents,Biological properties,Shape, Stain & CultureBiologi,Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonies on agar plates,Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonie,Pathogenicity & immunity,Pathogenicity & immunity,adhesins pilus non-pilus adhesin polysaccharide capsule endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS),Pathogenic substances,ad
38、hesinsPathogenic substances,exotoxins exotoxin A -mode of action similar to diphtheria toxin exotoxin S (exoenzyme S) -inhibits phagocytosis -acts in vitro in the same way as the toxins of Vibrio cholerae elastase (弹性蛋白酶) -Las-A(丝氨酸蛋白酶) Las-B(锌金属蛋白酶),exotoxins,hosphoesterase C (磷脂酶 C) pyocyanin (绿脓菌
39、素) Cytolysin: e.g. leukocidin,hosphoesterase C (磷脂酶 C),Clinical diseases,Opportunistic pathogen infections following burn hospital-acquired infections,Pulmonary infections,Primary skin infections,Urinary infections,Clinical diseasesOpportunistic,Primary skin infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Primary skin infections of Ps,1. Discuss the pathogenic features of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.,Question:,1. Discuss the pathogenic feat,
