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1、中考语法专项复习,之动词的分类,一、中考对动词的知识要求：,中考对动词的考查有：1、掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则；2、掌握系动词be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep等的基本用法；3、掌握助动词be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法；4.掌握情态动词can, must, need, may等基本句型结构及主要用法；,实义动词,系动词,助动词,情态动词,（一）实义动词,_ 本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 I like the book.2. _自身意思完整，无需
2、接宾语。 Birds can fly.,及物动词,不及物动词,实义动词主要考察词义辨析,1动词+宾语I like English very much.2动词+宾语+宾补We call the bird Polly (n.).加名词作宾补的词有choose, consider, elect, make, nameI would like you to come to my hometomorrow.,1）动词+宾语+不定式(to do) （宾补）advise allow cause enable encouragefind forbid force wish invite order permi
3、t persuade remind tell warn expect wish,2）动词+宾语+省略to 的不定式（宾补）,一些动词要掌握，have, let和make, 此三动词是使役，“注意”“观察”“听到”see，还有feel和watch，使用它们要仔细，后接“宾补”略去“to”，此点千万要牢记 一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch,3）动词+adj (做补语),colour, keep, find,get,leave,make,paint,cutPlease colour i
4、t red.I find it interesting.,4）动词加现在分词做补语,get/leave/keep/set/catch/havesb.doing;see/find/watch/feel/hear/listento/discoversb. doing如:他让我等了整整一上午 。Hekeptmewaitingthewholemorning.,5）动词加过去分词（补语）,过去分词作宾补时，常见的词有have ,get, make have sth done我理发了。I have had my hair cut.我让别人明白了。I made myself heard.I made mys
5、elf hear that song.,3.动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,bring, hand, lend ,mail ,offer ,owe ,pass ,post ,read, return ,send ,sell ,show ,take ,teach ,tell ,throw ,write,+ sb +sth/ sth to sb,book ,buy, choose cook, draw ,fetch find ,fix ,get make, order ,pick prepare save sing spare steal,+sb sth/ sth for sb,不及物动词,1.没有被动
6、形式的词happen,occur,rise,lie,die,2.主动表示被动的词。 动词+ (well,poorly,easily)sell, wash, burn, cook, cut, drive, dress, play, last, open, write, start, run, read, operate, break, measure, weigh1.Dry wood burns easily.2.The cloth washes well.,既作及物又有不及物动词的词,他跑的快。He runs fast.他经营一家工厂。He runs a factory.study，fly，r
7、un, change,二、动词考察点分项说明：,（一）、掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、 过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则；1、动词现在时的第三人称单数的构成：,2、动词的过去式及过去分词的构成 规则动词的变化： 规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成方法是相同的。, 不规则动词的变化。（见九年级英语下册不规则动词表）,3、动词的现在分词的构成：,三、掌握系动词be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep等的基本用法；,常见的连系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, keep, feel, look, seem, smel
8、l, fall等。它们后面常接形容词，构成系表结构。Please keep the classroom clean. 请保持教室的干净。The bread looks very fresh. 这些面包看上去很新鲜。,状态变化系动词,go,come,turn,grow,fall,getbecome,四、掌握助动词be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法；,助动词是“辅助性”动词，一般没有词义，不能单独作谓语，但可用来帮助构成谓语，表示不同的时态，语态，和数的变化。 常见的助动词有：（1）be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been) 与现在分
9、词结合，构成各种进行时态；或与过去分词结合构成被动语态。Im looking for my pen. 我正在找我的笔。（现在进行时） These cups are made in China. 这些杯子是中国制造的。（被动语态）,（2）have (has, had, having)与过去分词结合，构成完成时。 They have known each other for twenty years. 他们互相认识有二十年了。（现在完成时） He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten. 他十岁时就已经为自己建了一个化学实验室
10、。（过去完成时）（3） 助动词do (does, did) 后只能跟动词原形，与not及其他动词结合构成否定句，或置于主语之前构成疑问句。 He does not speak English.他不说英语。 When did he come back? 他什么时候回来的？,（4）will (would), shall (should)： will能用于一般将来时的任何人称后；would是will的过去时，能用于过去将来时；两者后面都接动词原形。 The plane will arrive in ten minutes. 飞机十分中后将要到达。 I was sure we would win.我确
11、信用我们会赢。shall与should这两个助动词本身没有词义，shall只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后；should是shall的过去时，只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后；两者后面都接动词原形。We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow. 我们明天将在校门口见。 I told them that I should do the work alone. 我告诉他们我将独自做那项工作。,（五）掌握情态动词can, must, need, may等基本句型结构及主要用法, 情态动词在英文中是“辅助性”动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情态，包括请求、命令、允诺、可能
12、、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。 情态动词的种类：,In detail,一、连系动词 (be, look,get) 二、使役、感观动词 (let, make,feel 三、主动表被动 (sell, write） 四、只接动名词做宾语 ( mind, enjoy) 五、只接不定式作宾语 (ask, decide) 六、宾语不同、意义不同 (stop) 七、接动名词、不定式意义区别不大 (like) 八、宾语不同、但意义相 同 (need, require) 九、接宾语和宾补、形式不同(allow) 十、
13、接虚拟语气(suggest) 十一、瞬间非延续性动词 (come) 十二、表计划未能实现的动词(plan) 十三、情感动词类(excite) 十四、否定前移类(think) 十五、不带不定式作复合宾语(wish,hope) 十六、省略替代类(guess),（六）掌握情态动词can, must, need, may等基本句型结构及主要用法, 情态动词在英文中是“辅助性”动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情态，包括请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。 情态动词的种类：,一、连系动词类,变化类:
14、become, get, turn, grow, make, come, go, fall go bad / hungry / mad / wrong fall (fell-fallen) ill / asleep feel (felt-felt) sick / sleepy感观类:look, sound, feel, taste, smell His voice sounds _. A.well B.beautifully C.excellent D.wonderfully,C,显得类:seem, appear, look It looks It seems that It appears
15、that状态类:keep, stay, remain prove, turn out 1.The weather will_hot for another two weeks. A.last B.remain C.get D.turn 2.The hot weather will _another two days. A.last B.remain C.get D.turn,B,A,The weather turned out (to be)fine.He proved (to be) honest / an honest person. 注：be, become, turn, remain
16、可带名词He remains a teacher.=He is still a teacher.1.He became _ teacher. A.a B.the C.an D./,A,D,二、使役、感观动词类：,let(不用于被动）, make, havesee, look at, watch, notice, observe, hear listen to, feel1.The boss made them _12 hours a day. A.work B.to work C.worked D.working2.They were made_12 hours a day. A.work B
17、.to work C.worked D.working,A,B,口诀1：1)四看二听一感觉，外加make,have和let”四看：see / watch / notice /lookat/ 二听：hear / listento 一感觉：feel,口诀2：不定式作宾语补足语时省to的动词【速记口诀】一感，二听，三让，四看，半帮助【妙语诠释】一感：feel；二听：hear，listen to；三让：make， let，have；四看：see，notice，watch，observe；半帮助：help,三、主动表被动类：,(well,poorly,easily)sell, wash, burn, c
18、ook, cut, drive, dress, play, last, open, write, start, run, read, operate, break, measure, weigh1.Dry wood burns easily.2.The cloth washes well.,3.The man always dresses well / poorly. 4.Your composition reads well except for a few spelling mistakes.5.-Have you got a ticket for the concert? -No, th
19、e tickets_well and they _out last week. A.sell;were sold B.sell;sold C.sell;have been sold D.are sell;sold,A,6.Dont get that ink on your white shirt,for it_. A.wont wash out B.doesnt wash away C.isnt washing out D.hasnt washed away7.They tried to get the car_,but it wont_. A.started;start B.to start
20、;start C.started;started D.to start;to start,A,A,四、只接动名词做宾语的词/词组,mind, risk, avoid, enjoy, miss, keep, suggest, appreciate, practice, delay, finish, dislike, excuse, imagine, consider, forbid, escape admit, advise, allow, put off, give up, be worth, be busy devoteto, look forward to, be used to, lea
21、d to, succeed in, spend/waste time (in) have a good/hard time (in) have difficulty /trouble (in) there is no use(in),1.She looked forward every spring to_ the flower-lined garden. A.visit B.paying a visit C.walk in D.walking in2.I would appreciate_back this afternoon. A.you to call B.you call C.your
22、 calling D.youre calling3.The day he has looked forward to_ at last. A.coming B.came C.come D.comes,D,C,B,口诀：喜欢、考虑不可免（enjoy, consider, escape, avoid）停止，放弃太冒险（stop, give up , risk）反对想象莫推延（mind,imagine, delay, put off）要求完成是期望（require, finish, look forward to.）建议继续勤操练（suggest, go on, practice）不禁原谅要坚持（c
23、ant help, excuse , insist on）继续注意使成功（keep on, mind, succeed in）,五、只接不定式作宾语的词/词组,decide, expect, hope, wish, order, refuse, promise, pretend, agree, seem, attempt, fail, offer, happen, warn, affordmake up ones mind to, be determined to used to, be about to, be able to, have to would like/love to=shou
24、ld like/love to1.I would love_to the party last night. A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone,A,2.Mr Smith warned her son_after drinking. A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive3.She pretended_me when I passed by. A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen
25、,A,A,口诀1：三个希望两答应：hope，wish，want，agree，promise两个要求莫拒绝：demand，ask，refuse设法学会做决定：manage，learn，decide不要假装在选择：pretend，choose口诀2：“要想干，同意办，愿意不愿意，决定尽量干。”a要求，想要，希望(want,wish,hope,expect,intend,mean)b同意(agree,promise)c意愿(care,hate,refuse)d决定，企图(determine,decide,offer,attempt,try,manage),六、宾语不同、意义不同,1) go on t
26、o do / go on doing2) stop to do / stop doing3) remember to do / remember doing4) forget to do / forget doing5) mean to do / mean doing6) regret to do / regret doing7) try to do / try doing8) cant help (to) do / cant help doing,cant help but do=cant but do =have to doI cant help but tell him the trut
27、h.1.-I usually go there by train. -Why not_by boat for a change? A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going2.-The light in the office is still on. -Oh,I forgot_. A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off,D,C,口诀：能接不定式，又能接动名词，但意思不同的动词或词组：forget, go on, mean,
28、 remember, stop, try， regret,巧记， 即四记力争不后悔。四记指(记得/记住；忘记；计划/打算；继续)；力争指try；不后悔指 stop regretting-stop 与regret。,七、接动名词、不定式意义区别不大,begin , start, continue, like, love, hate preferIt began raining.It is beginning to rain.I prefer staying home to going out.I prefer to stay home rather than go out.,Tired as h
29、e was,he continued to work. =Though he was very tired,he continued working. He likes playing football,but he doesnt like to play football today.,八、宾语不同、但 意义相同,need, require, want, deserveThe room requires to be cleaned. =The room requires cleaning.1.This sentence needs_. A.an improvement B.improve C
30、.improving D.improved,C,2.The baby needs_. A.looked after B.looking after C.look after D.to look after,B,九、接宾语和宾补、形式不同,allow, permit, forbid, advise, admit considerWe forbid smoking here.We forbid anybody to smoke here.You are forbidden to smoke here.,口诀：advise,forbid,understand,suppose,consider,all
31、ow,permit.连接首字母即为a fus cap（阿福的帽子）阿福的帽子，代表七动词，宾补不定式，宾语动名词,十、接虚拟语气的词,1)insist 2)order, command 4)advise, suggest, propose , recommend 4)demand, ask, require, request1.He ordered that we (should)leave at once.2.His order that we (should) leave at once was right.,3.He insisted that his brother_ there. A
32、.go B.went C.going D.to go4.He insisted that he_ nothing wrong and _ set free. A.do;be B.had done;was C.had done;be D.did; was5.His voice suggested that he_angry. A.is B.be C.was D.were 6.He suggested that the boy _ sent to hospital at once. A.was B.be C.is D.were,A,C,C,B,“坚持说；坚决认为”，接that从句，用陈述语气即是陈
33、述已知或发生过的事,口诀1：一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求其宾语从句用“should+动词原形”，should既可以省略，should也可以保留。一坚持，即insist；二命令，即order, command；三建议，即suggest, propose, advise；四要求，即ask, demand, require, request。,口诀2：“i drop caps”在某些表示请求、命令、建议等动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用动词原形或should+动词原形。iinsist, ddemand, rrequest/require/recommend, oorder, ppropose,
34、ccommand, aadvise, pprefer, ssuggest.,十一、瞬间非延续性动词,go, come, leave, start, return, arrive, stop, finish, borrow, lend, open,close, die, become, break, join, kill, marry, graduate,buymarry-be married seat-be seated hide-be hidden engage-be engaged die-be dead begin-be on join-be in borrow-keep come-be
35、/stay leave-be away buy-have=have got,1.He died ten years ago,thats to say,he has _ for ten years. A.been died B.been dead C.died D.been dying2.When Jack arrived he learned Mary _for almost an hour. A.had gone B.had set off C.had left D.had been away,B,D,He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.The boy is
36、 so sick that he is dying fast.The bus is coming.The train is leaving.,十二、表计划未能实现的动词,intend, mean ,hope, plan, expect, think, want, suppose, promiseI had hoped to come here,but I had an unexpected visitor.,十三 、情感动词类,表示人的内在感受的动词encourage, excite, inspire, interest, amaze, satisfy, delight, please, mo
37、ve, frighten, surprise, astonish, shock, disappoint, discourage, puzzle, worry, tire, touch, relax,1.The news sounds _.(encourage)2.The play was so _ that nearly everybody was _ to tears.(move)3.Looking at her paper, she nodded with a_ smile on her face.(satisfy)4.He looked at me with a_look. (puzzl
38、e),encouraging,moving,satisfied,moved,puzzled,十四 、否定前移类,believe, imagine, suppose, think, feel , guess1.I dont think he can finish the work,_? A.cant he B.can he C.do I D.dont I2.We dont believe she knows it,_? A.does she B.doesnt she C.do we D.dont we3.You dont think he can finish it, _? A.do you B
39、.dont you C.can he D.cant he,B,A,A,口诀：“否定转移”的5个常用词：我认为（think）猜想（suppose）与想象（imagine）都不可相信（believe），我期待（expect）等着你的回答。eg: I dont think hell come tomorrow.,十五、不带不定式作复合宾语,hope, agree, suggest, demand, imagine, would ratherI wish him to come.=I hope that he will come.I allowed/permitted him to go there.
40、=I agreed that he can go there.,He advised me to do it right now.=He suggested (to me) that I (should) do it right now.I prefer him to go there.=I would rather he went there.I cant imagine such a girl like Mary doing such a thing.He wanted me to do it.=He demanded that I (should)do it.,口诀：(1)劝教命请叫(a
41、dvise,teach,order,command,ask,teld)(2)允许又警告(allow,permit,warn)(3)使役表意向(cause,let,have,make,lead,set,leave,get,wish,want,expect)(4)知觉动词妙(feel,hear,watch,see,observe,notice),十六 、省略替代类,1）believe, think, suppose, expect, guessI think so. I think not = I dont think so2) hope, fear, be afraid + so / not3)
42、 intend, want, plan, wish, like, love, hate, hope, try, would (should) like / love to,Do you want to have a rest? Yes, I want to, but I cant.Did you get the new stamps? No,I tried to, but there wasnt any left in that post office. I didnt mean to call you at late night,but I had to as I did have something important to tell you.,
