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1、Welcome,非谓语动词,广州学大 Nicole2010年7月,Nonfinite verbs,热身练习,1. The old men enjoy _ (listen) to the singing of the birds in the park.2.My sister is interested in _ in her free time. A. watch TV B. reading books C. listening music D. plays basketball3.Let me _(help) you _ (water) the flowers.4. I saw him _
2、into the small store. A. went B. going C. to go D. has gone5.He is good at_. A.singing B.sing C.sings D.to sing,非谓语动词的概念,在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词它不受人称和数的限制,非谓语动词分为三种形式:,不定式：to+动词原形 动名词：动词原形+ing分词（现在分词和过去分词）,非谓语动词是每年中考的必考内容主要集中在对动词不定式和动名词的考查,考点分析,非谓语动词,动名词: doing动词不定式: to do,动 名 词,Gerund,动名词非谓语动词
3、形式之一,1.构成:,动词原形 + ing,Play-,dance-,playing,dancing,2.特征,动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用，在句中可以做的成分：,主语、宾语、表语、定语,1)作主语,Talking like that is not polite. Learning from others is important.,特征,Note:,A .动名词作主语时，有时会将真正主语（动名词）放到句尾，用it做形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置语。常用的结构有：It is +n. + doing. It is + adj. + doing,1. Swimming
4、 in this river is dangerous ( 主语？） It is dangerous swimming in this river.,2. Waiting here is no use It is no use waiting here.,( 主语？）,-,-,动名词做主语时，不太常用 it 作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。适用于 it做形式主语的名词（短语）有：no use, no good, fun, a waste (of time), a great pleasure, 等适用于 it做形式主语的形容词有：表示高兴的词（better，wonderful，enjo
5、yable nice, good, interesting） useless, worthwhile, foolish, dangerous，difficult， 等。,2）动名词作表语,动名词(短语)作表语用来表示主语的内容。Her job is _（nurse) patients.My favorite summer sport is _ (swim).,nursing,swimming,特征,3) 动名词作宾语,A. 动词宾语：He admitted _(take) the watch.Would you mind _(turn) on the radio?,taking,turning
6、,特征,只能接-ing作宾语的动词口诀：,喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 错过建议保持介意值得考虑 （押韵）,下列动词后只能接动名词做宾语：错过 , 考虑,值得建议,完成 , 练习喜欢,想象, 禁不住花费,保持 , 介意,Miss， consider， worth,suggest ，finish， practise,enjoy， imagine， cant help,spend， keep / keep on， mind,I cant imagine _(marry) a girl of that sort. I sugggest_(buy) the dictionary,marrying
7、,buying,15.Would you mind my _(open) the door?, 既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有：remember, forget, regret, mean, try等，但表达的意义不同。,1remember/forget,to do动作尚未发生,doing 动作已经发生,I remember seeing her at the hotel. 我记得在宾馆见过她。(动作发生了) I will remember to see her at the hotel. 我记着要去宾馆见她。(动作尚未发生),2. try,to do 设法、努力去做，尽力,doing
8、试试去做（看有何结果）,Shetriedwashingherhairwithanewshampoo. 她试着用一种新的香波洗头发。 He tried to climb the tree, but he could not. 他试图爬树，可爬不上去。,3. mean,to do 打算做（主语一般是人）,doing 意味着（主语一般是物）,4.regret,to do对将要做的事抱歉,doing 对已经发生的事感到后悔,I regret to tell you that you cant pass the examination.我很遗憾地通知你你不能通过这次考试 I regret disturb
9、ing you so long.我很抱歉打扰了你那么久,I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot. 我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。 This new order will mean (us) working overtime. 这一个新定单意味着（我们）得加班加点.,1、The two girls stopped talking when they saw me. 那两个女孩一见到我就停止了讲话。 2、The two girls stopped to talk to me when they saw me. 这两个女孩一看到我
10、就停下来和我讲话。,5. stop,to do停下去做另外一件事,doing 停止做手头的事情,The garden needs watering. You need to work hard.,6. need,to do (人做主语) 某人需要做某事,doing（物做主语) 某物需要被.,1. 别忘了离开时把灯关了。 Dont forget before leaving.2. 父亲必须戒烟了。 Father must stop .3. 他看完电视后，继续看了一会书。 After he watched TV, he went on for a while.4. 这辆自行车需要修理了。 This
11、 bike needs_.,to turn off the lights,smoking,to read,repairing/mending,What is the function of gerund in the sentence ?,B. 作介词的宾语,He is interested in_ (sing) songs.,He left the room without _(say) goodbye to us all.,singing,saying,注意：to 在下列短语中是介词，常跟动名词作宾语。 be/get used to look forward to get down to
12、pay attention to devote oneself to lead to contribute to object to（反对） Lets get down to preparing for the exam.动名词用在下列词组后作宾语：give up, cant help, feel like, be worth, be busy, set about, put off, think of，insist on等 She cant help crying at the sad sight. Do you feel like having a break?,I want to giv
13、e you a birthday cake .,小试牛刀,1. Now more and more people are busy_ about the Internet. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned 2.-Its too hot. Would you mind _the door? -_. Please do it. A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not C. opening; Of course D. to open; Good idea 3. No matter how hard it
14、 is, well keep_until we make it. A. failed B. failing C. tried D. trying 4. -Are you enjoying_in Ningbo? -Yes, we are. Very much. A. to live B. living C. lives D. lived 5 We couldnt help _(laugh) after we heard the funny story A. to laugh B. living C. lives D. lived,4) 做定语,动名词作定语放在所修饰的名词之前，表示所修饰的名词的
15、功能、作用。No one is allowed to speak aloud in the _(read) room.,A walking stick,A stick for walking,reading,特征,Where is gerund ?What is the function of gerund in the sentence ?,1.Beating a child will do more harm than good2.Do you mind answering my question？3.To keep money that you have found is stealin
16、g4.No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room,（作定语）,（作宾语）,（作表语）,（作主语）,What is the function of gerund in the sentence ?,翻译：1.爬山真是有趣。Climbing mountains is really fun. =2.我们正考虑明天出去吃饭。(think of， eat out )We are thinking of eating out tomorrow. 3.你的任务就是擦窗户。Your task is cleaning the windows.4.你介
17、意为我们关窗吗？Do you mind closing the window for us ?5.我们反对这样匆忙地离开。（ objected to ， in such a hurry）We objected to leaving in such a hurry. 6.游泳池 候车室,Climbing mountains is really fun.,swimming pool,waiting room,Note:动名词的复合结构,在一般情况下，句子的主语就是动名词的逻辑主语。Would you mind opening the window? (主语?)Would you mind my o
18、pening the window? (主语?)如果动名词的主语不是句子的主语，可在动名词前加物主代词、人称代词宾格、名词或名词所有格形式来表示动名词逻辑上的主语这样就构成了动名词的复合结构。Do you mind _ ( 我 ）making a suggestion?_（they) coming to help was a encouragement to us.I dont like _(Mike) smoking.,Jim,my,me,Jims,Their,Them,X,Mikes,Mike,Jim,我不介意他来I dont mind him coming.她讨厌年轻人抽烟。She ha
19、tes young peoples smoking.,Fill in the blanks with the correct form,1.His job is _(teach).2.The nurses job is _(look) after the patients.3.This is a big _( swim) pool.4.She cant help _(laugh).5.I remember _(do) the exercise.6.I must remember _(do) it.7._(swim) is good for health, but _( swim) in suc
20、h a polluted river is harmful to health.,teaching,looking,swimming,laughing,doing,to do,Swimming,to swim,/ to teach,/ to look,动名词和动词不定式都有名词特征，句法功能相似。,动词不定式 的构成：,(not) to+do(动词原形),动词不定式在句子可以做：,主语（Subject）表语（Predicative）宾语（Object）宾补（Object complement）定语（Attributive）状语（Adverbial）,主语: 不定式用作主语的用法,To grow
21、 trees is very important.,It is very important to grow trees.,不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语。,Say in another way, using it.To learn from your friends is important.To leave without saying goodbye is impolite.To chat with Miss White is a pleasant thing.To walk to school takes me ten minutes.,It is importan
22、t to learn from your friends.It is impolite to leave without saying goodbye.It is a pleasant thing to chat with Miss White.It takes me ten minutes to walk to school.,It 做主语的动词不定式句型1. It +be + adj. +for/of sb. to do sth. for: adj.多为描述不定式行为的特征 （important/ necessary / interesting 等.）of: adj. 多为 描述主语的品质
23、特征 （kind / nice / friendly / wise / foolish 等.）,作主语,It is easy _ her to learn English well.It is clever _ you to solve the problem.,of,for,2、It takes sb. some time to do sth.,我每天花去三个小时完成家庭作业。,It takes me three hours to finish the homework every day.,3、It is + n. (for sb) to do sth.,It is my pleasure
24、 to help you with your English.,练习： 对他来说，说英语很容易。 对我们来说，努力学习是必 要的。 您能帮助我，真是太好了。,It is easy for him to speak English.,It is necessary for us to study hard.,It is very kind of you to help me.,1、It is necessary _us to learn to wait. (of/for)2、It was careless _me to break the cup . （of/for)3、It took them
25、 1,000 yuan _this table. (buy)4、It is my pleasure _ the box for you. (carry),to buy,for,of,to carry,练习,5、轮到我们打扫教室了。 It is our turn_6、To waste time is to shorten life. （翻译成中文）,to clean the classroom.,浪费时间就是缩短生命。,练习,表语： 不定式放在be动词后面，用作表语,My dream is to own a robot.,Its work is to clean the room every d
26、ay.,主语多为 duty / wish / hope / idea / plan / ambition/ dream / work / job 等名词 ，主语通常不是人。,动词不定式做表语的作用：,说明主语内容,Complete the following sentences.1.The doctors suggestion is _(take)more exercise.2.The best way is_(talk) to your parents.3.His plan is _ (今 年夏天 到北京旅游).4.My purpose is _(帮你解决这个问题).,to take,to
27、talk,to travel to Beijing this summer,to help you solve this problem, 宾语：不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语,They began to read and write.,She forgot to close the door.,常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有： want, plan, hope, learn, decide, would like, begin, start, try, need, forget, choose, agree, promise等,下列动词后只能接动名词做宾语：错过 , 考虑,值得建议,完成 ,
28、练习喜欢,想象, 禁不住忍受,保持 , 介意,Miss， consider， worth,suggest ，finish， practise,enjoy， imagine， cant help,Stand， keep / keep on， mind,I cant imagine _(marry) a girl of that sort. I sugggest_(buy) the dictionary,marrying,buying,15.Would you mind my _(open) the door?,Complete the following sentences.1.I _ (希望收
29、到来信) you soon. 2.John _ (不想当) the host of the charity show.3.Theyre _ (试着解决) the problem by himself.4.Millions of people _ (已学会使用) computers.,hope to hear from,doesnt want to be,trying to solve,have learned to use,think/ find / consider+ it+ adj. + to do,动词不定式作宾语的注意事项（）,不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用
30、it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。如： I found to talk to him again necessary. I found it necessary to talk to him again.,动词不定式做宾语的句式：1）动词+ to do sth.,A. I hope to finish it tomorrow . B. She plans to go and teach in the country.,动词不定式做宾语的句式：2、动词疑问词+to do,I dont know_ next. She cant decide_.,作宾语,2
31、)她不能决定买哪本书。,1)我不知道接下来该做什么。,what to do,which book to buy,1、Dont forget _.(关灯)2、I happened _when he called me. （出去）3、I dont want_. (依赖别人）4、Sam is learning_. (怎样开车）5、We promise _ the environment.(保护),to turn off the light,to go out,to depend on others,how to drive a car,练习,to protect,used to do 过去做某事be
32、 used to do 被用来做某事be used to doing习惯做某事,. 动词不定式做宾语的句式：作宾补A. 动词 + 宾语（sb./sth.) + to do sth.作宾补: 对宾语进行补充说明,1)The teacher asked her to answer the question. 2)The doctor told me to have a good rest.,常用动词有：ask, tell, allow, want 等,want sb to dowish sb to do get sb to doorder sb to do find sb to be like s
33、b to do would like sb to dohelp sb to do,Complete the following sentences.1.Mr Lu _ (叫我们交) our homework on time.2.The doctor _ (建议 格林先生喝) more water.3.Mr Wu _ (告诉学生别嚷) in class.4.Mrs Read _ (希望儿子学) English well.,asks us to hand in advised Mr Green to drink tells the students not to shout wishes her
34、son to learn,动词多为感官动词、使役动词。一感：feel二听：hear, listen to三使：make, let, have四看：see, notice, watch, look at,Johns mother makes him play the piano every day.,被动：,John _ play the piano every day.,is made to,.动词不定式做宾语的句式：作宾补 B. 动词 + 宾语（sb./sth.) + do sth.,不带to的不定式,help 可带to，也可不带tohelp sb (to) do sth,在被动语态中则to
35、 不能省掉,1、Let him _ the work at once. (finish / to finish)2、Do you like listening to other people_? (talk / talking/to talk ) 3、Jim was seen _the room. (enter /to enter )4、Please tell her _here on time . (come / to come),finish,talk,to enter,to come,练习,5、Ill help you _this problem. (to solve /solve )6
36、、 I wish you will stay with us.(改成简单句）7、Her story made us laugh. (改成被动句）,(to ) solve,I wish you to stay with us.,We were made to laugh by her story.,感官动词(feel, listen to, hear, see , watch, look at , notice) 后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补.前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。 I often hear her sing in the next roo
37、m . I heard her singing just now.,定语不定式用作定语1.不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面。,We have a lot of homework to do .,2.如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，且动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉后面的介词。 He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about.,Translation. 1.Mr Wu is always the first to come and the last to leave.2.There is n
38、o need to trouble him.3.Have you got anything important to tell me?4.Ive got nothing to worry about.5.Im thirsty. Give me something to drink.6.Spring is the best season to plant trees.7.We all have a chance to go to college.,1 我有许多书要看。2 她有几个问题要问。. 我没什么可担心的。,I have many books to read.,She has a few q
39、uestions to ask.,I have nothing to worry about.,、他是一个值得信赖的人。、 爱迪生是第一个发明电灯的人。、 他那生病母亲最多可活三个月。,He is a man to believe in.,Edison was the first man to invent the lights.,His sick mother has three months to live at most.,1、原因状语: 主语 + be + adj.(表情感) + to do sth. (happy/ glad angry / sorry / sad /afraid 等
40、),Im sorry to hear that.,Im glad to see you.,V.不定式用作状语,2、目的状语,Ask the question with the underlined wordsThe soldier ran into the room to save the girl .,_ _ the soldier run into the room?,Why did,Translation: Many parents send their children abroad_.(深造学习),to further their studies,3、结果状语 too + adj./
41、adv. +to do sth.adj./adv. enough to do sth.,You are too young to do this job.,He ran fast enough to catch the bus.,常用句型：,1. come to do sth.2. go to do sth.3. stop to do sth.4. in order (not) to do 5. too + adj. + to do sth.6. adj.adv. + enough to do sth.,Complete some sentences:1、_(为了提高英语成绩), Tom goes to the English corner every day. 2、I was_(太累了，难于入睡。) 3、She ran fast _(为了赶上早班车).4、He is_(富有得可以买辆小汽车).,In order to improve his English,too tired to fall sleep.,to catch the first bus,rich enough to buy a car.,不定式,1.主语,2.宾语,4.表语,3.定语,7.状 语,5.宾补,表1: 非谓语动词句法功能,时间,原因,条件,伴随,目的,结果,
