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1、现在分词的用法,一 现在分词做定语,分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。,（一）作前置定语,1. 动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前，说明名词的状态，性质，属性。例如： The sleeping boy is Tom. He is apromisingyoung man.他是一个有前途的年轻人。Make less noise. Theres asleepingchild.不要出太大声音，有个孩子在睡觉。,This is a very charming village.这是一座迷人的村庄。I learnt another
2、 astonishing fact.我了解到另一个令人吃惊的事实。She found herself in an embarrassing position.她发现自己处于尴尬的地位,二 后置定语,Passengers traveling on this bus buy their tickets in books. 坐这班公车的旅客到售票处买票。 Anyone touching that wire will get an eclectic shock. 碰到那条电线的人会被电击。,二 作后置定语,Tell the children playing outside not to make to
3、o much noise. The girl standing under the tree is really charming.People waiting for the bus often shelter in my doorway. 等车的人经常挡我的路。 I like the girl sitting on the right. 我喜欢坐在右边的那个女孩。,作表语,用作表语的分词通常具有形容词性质，有的甚至已转化为形容词,现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征，常常翻译成“令人.。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishi
4、ng, exciting ,interesting, astonishing, amazing等。例如： The story is moving.,Her letter was touching.她的信很感人。The situation was puzzling.形势令人迷惑不解My job is interesting.我的工作很有趣。,宾语补足语,宾语补足语指在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。May I help you plant the tree?They found the room cro
5、wded with people.,Tom made the girl cry.We saw him get on the bus. 我们看到他上了公交车。 - We listened to her sing a song. 我们听着她唱了一支歌。,三）现在分词在句中作宾语补足语,We all found his equipment interesting. 我们发现他的装备很有趣I saw Mary going upstairs then. 我看见玛丽上楼去了。现在分词在句子中可用作宾语补足语，其结构为：主语+谓语+宾语+现在分词(即宾语补足语),He saw her working in
6、the garden.他看见她正在花园里干活分析：He在句子中做主语，saw作谓语，her作宾语，划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语请看下面的句子，working in the garden宾语补足语I heard a bell ringing. 我听见铃在响,1 感官动词see, watch, hear, feel, notice等后接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示该动作正在进行。,I saw him running down the street. 我看见他沿着街跑。I felt an ant climbing over my leg. 我感到一只蚂蚁正在我的腿上爬。Suddenly, I noti
7、ced her standing outside. 突然我注意到她正站在外边。,2) have, leave, keep等使役动词后接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示“使处于某种状态,I would have him waiting for me at the gate of the park. 我要他在公园门口等我。 Sorry I kept you waiting a long time. 对不起，让您久等了。They shut the door and left, leaving the fire burning. 他们关上门走开了，留下火在燃烧,状语,现在分词在句子中做状语，表示的动作是主语
8、动作的一部分，与谓语动词表示的动作或状态是同时或者几乎同时发生的。句子的主语必须是状语的逻辑主语；而且主语与作状语的分词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系。,可以表示时间, 原因, 结果, 条件, 行为方式或伴随动作等。,1).Using your head, youll find a good way. Working hard, youll surely succeed.,条件状语,If you use your head,If you work hard,2). Being poor, he couldnt afford a TV set. Not knowing her address, we c
9、ant get in touch with her.,(原因),Because he was poor,As we dont know her address,3). Walking in the street, I saw a tailors shop.4). His father died, leaving the family even worse off.,时间,When I was walking in the street.,结果,and this left the family even worse off,1.原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。,1).Being ill, she
10、didnt go to school today. 因为生病，她今天没上学去。2). Seeing no one at home, I decided to come again.看见没有人在家，我决定再来一趟,2. 时间状语，相当于when, while等引导的从句。,1).Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.当听到这个好消息时，他高兴地跳了起来。2).Walking in the street, I saw a friend of mine.当我走在街上时，我看到了我的朋友。,Seeing their teacher coming, the
11、students stopped talking.如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while。例如： While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon.,3. 伴随状语，与谓语所表示的动作同时发生。,1).He sat at the table reading China Daily. 他坐在桌子旁看中国日报。2).Talking and smiling, they went into the room. 他们又说又笑地走进房间。He sat by the roadside, begg
12、ing.,4. 结果状语。The mother died, leaving a lot of money for her children.母亲去世了，给她的孩子留下了一大笔钱。He died, leaving nothing but debts.,作为结果状语的现在分词短语所表示的都是谓语动词的直接结果，是意料中的结果European football is played in 80 countries,makingit the most popular sports in the world,It rained heavily,causingsevere flooding in that country.大雨滂沱，造成了那个国家洪水泛滥He cut off the electricity quickly,preventingan accident.他迅速切断了电源，防止了一起意外事故。,5. 条件状语。Turning right, you will find the place you want.往右转弯，你就会找到你要找的地方了。Working harder, youll be No. 1 in your class.Working hard, youll surely succeed.,
