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1、,英语句子的种类,简单句 (simple sentence),并列句 (compound sentence),复合句 (complex sentence),英语句子概论,简单句的五种基本句型,The weather is very cold.主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语He laughed.主语+谓语（vi.）I like Chinese food.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语She taught them physics.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语We must keep the room warm. 主语+谓语(vt.) +宾语+宾语补足语,并列句 把两个或几个简单句用并列连词
2、连接起来。,I turned on the TV. My sister and I watched it. I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it. I bought my sister a present. She didnt like it. I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.,并列句,并列句,常用并列连词:,平行并列连词: 转折并列连词：因果并列连词: 选择并列连词:,and, bothand, not only but also, neithernor,but
3、, however, while, yet,or,eitheror,for, so,复合句:主句+从句,名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句,1.The boy who is standing over there is Tom,2.Because it is raining ,we have to stay at home,定语从句,状语从句,3.I know (that)he is from America,(宾语从句）,名词性从句-,Noun Clauses(名词性从句),Subject Clause (主语从句),Appositive Clause（同位语从句）,Object Clause（
4、宾语从句）,Predicative Clause（表语从句）,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词, 在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。,主语,His job is important.,What he does is important.,表语,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,宾语,I dont like his job.,I dont like what he does every day.,同位语,I dont know about the man, Mr. White.,I dont know about the fa
5、ct that he is a teacher.,Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。,同位语从句,宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从
6、句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。,宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：从属连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if连接代词：who, whose, what ,which，whom,whatever,whoever等连接副词：when ,where, how, why 等。,I know him . 2. I know who he is .,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主
7、 句,（复合句）,宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。,句子结构：主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句,1）主句的谓语动词可以是及物动词：2）如果主句的谓语动词是一个带有介词的词组，那么后接的从句做介词宾语从句。3）有些形容词后也可以带有宾语从句。,Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .,He wondered if he could pass the exam .,They are talking about whether they can pass the exam .,注意：动词+副词形成的谓语动词词组后也可以带宾语从句。,一、从属连
8、词 1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定 句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作 任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语 或非正式文体中常省略,Lin Tao knows (that) his own team is even better. （肯）She says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.（否）Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.He said (that) he would like to see
9、 the headmaster.,引导词种类,2. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略,Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag .Lets see if /whether we can find out some information about that city .It all depends on whether she likes the boss or not.,引导词种类,二、连接代词
10、which, what, whose, who, whom, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。,I wonder who will teach us.Mr. Wang asked whose book that was.You can take whatever you like.,引导词种类,三、连接副词 where, when, why, how等连接副词在句中作状语。,He didnt tell me when we should meet again.Could you please tell me
11、 how you use the new panel?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.,引导词种类,带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句,Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday ?,Could you tell us how long the meeting will last ?,I dont know how far it is to the cinema .,Please tell us how many students there are i
12、n your school ?,Can you tell us how old his brother is ?,Please tell us how soon you will be ready .,Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan ?,二、时态1. 如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ， 现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过 去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）,I know he lives here .I know he lived here ten years ago
13、 . I have heard that he will come tomorrow .,2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）,I knew who lived here. I told me that she was talking with her mother at that time last week. He asked whether his father would come back the next day. He said that he had seen
14、 it before.,3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。,The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.The teacher said that the world is made up of matter.,三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,1. When will he go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to the library .His brother asks when will he go t
15、o the library .,2. What does he want to buy ? I dont know what he wants to buy . I dont know what does he want to buy .,3. Who are we going to meet ? Can you tell me who we are going to meet ? Can you tell me who are we going to meet ?,4. Does he know French ? We want to know if/whether he knows Fre
16、nch . We want to know if/whether does he know French.,5. Will they go to Canada in summer ? They re not sure if /whether they will go to Canada in summer . They re not sure if /whether will they go to Canada in summer .,1could / would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。,注意事项,Could you please tell me w
17、here we show our tickets ?Could you tell us which gate we have to go to ?Would you like to know when he will come back ?,2. 如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用that,She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk .He said (that) he was going to take care of the child .He asks if I like
18、playing the piano .You may ask the man over there how you can get to the bus station .,3. 当doubt, doubtful用于肯定句时，后面的名词性从句连接词常用whether或if; 当doubt, doubtful用于否定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词用that。,I doubt if/ whether he is at home.We dont doubt that they can complete the task ahead of time.,4. 当be sure引导主句是肯定句时，后面的名
19、词性从句的连接词常用that; 当be sure引导的主句是否定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用whether或if。,We are sure that he will be successful soon.The old man didnt seem to be sure whether / if he had met me.,5. 介词后宾语从句的注意事项：,一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。 I am surprised at what he said.,介词后如果接that从句，要先加上it, 再加that从句，即“介词+it+that”结构。 You may de
20、pend on it that they will support you. (that不能省略),介词except, but, besides及in后可接that从句。I know nothing about him except that he lives here. (that不能省略),7. 只能使用whether而不能使用if的几种情况：, 介词后宾语从句用whether,不用if. whether 引导表语从句和同位语从句，而if则不能。 whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. 在不定式前只能用whether.（如：I cant decide whether to s
21、tay. 我不能决定是否留下。） discuss后宾语从句用whether不用if。,6. 在suggest, demand, order, insist等动词之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，即 “(should+)动词原形”。,He suggested that we (should) set about doing the work at once.I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The leader ordered that the army (should) set off at once.,Do you know if _bac
22、k next week ? If he _ back , please let me know .A. he comes , will come B. will he come , comes C. he will come , comes D. he will come , will come,7. 连词 if 和 when 在不同从句中的区别：,I dont know when he _ (come) . I cant wait here any more . When he _ (come) , would you please ask him to call me ?,will com
23、e,comes,8. 连词+宾语从句 连词+to do,I dont know what I shall do next . I dont know what to do next .She didnt decide which one she would choose . She didnt decide which one to choose .Please tell me whom youll give the letter to . Please tell me whom to give the letter to .,9.有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加it这类动词主要有:li
24、ke, hate , dislike, take , have, see to.,I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral. （确保）开启发动机时
25、, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.,10.宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.,I dont think he will come to my party. I dont believe that man is killed by Jim, is he?,11.宾语从句不可以省略引导词that的情况当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that
26、可以省略,第二个that不可以省略。except（介词）后面宾语从句中that不可以省略。宾语从句紧接在间接宾语后时，从句中的that不可以省略。it作形式宾语，宾补后宾语从句中的that不省略。,I believe (that) youve done your best and that things will improve.The teacher advised us that we should pay more attention to reading and writing.We all believed it true that Mr. Smith wasnt a thief.,
27、1. The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face. A. what B. how C. that D. why,2. Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which,宾语从句专项练习题,3. Weve offered her the job, but I dont know _ shell accept it. A.
28、 where B. what C. whether D. which,4. Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. A. why B. what C. how D. which,宾语从句专项练习题,5. - I wonder _ youll water this kind of flower. - Every other day. A. how often B. how long C. how soon D. how much,6. Men usually go st
29、raight to _ they want and leave quickly when shopping. A. what B. which C. where D. that,宾语从句专项练习题,7. We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. A. that B. which C. what D. where,8. I want to be liked and loved for _ I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how,宾语从句专项练习题,9. Ci
30、ndy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry. A. where B. whether C. that D. why,10. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. A. what B. who C. how D. why,宾语从句专项练习题,畅想网络,Imagination Network,感谢观看！,文章内容来源于网络，如有侵权请联系我们删除。,
