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1、Lecture 7,Style and Literary Translation,what is the difference ?1) Now allow me to propose a toast to the friendship between 2) Heres to the health of our friends!3) Cheers!4) Bottoms up!,Translation practice,1) I beg, sir, that you will offer him my sincerest apologies. 敬请向他转达在下最诚挚的歉意。 2) Please s
2、end my sincerest apologies to him. 请向他转达我最诚挚的歉意。 3) Tell him Im awfully sorry. 告诉他我很抱歉。,Teaching Contents,1. What is style?2. Style and Literature3. Style and Literary Translation,According to David Crystal in Investigating English Style, there are four commonly occurring senses of the term STYLE:1)
3、the language habits of one person: Shakespeare, James Joyce, Hemingway 2) the language habits shared by a group at one time: the Old English heroic poetry.3) say the right thing in the most effective waygood manners: clear or refined style.4) evaluation and description of literature in literary crit
4、icism or appreciation: good effective beautiful writing.,What is style?,Considering different communicative environment, methods, objectives and purposes, communicators would opt different language varieties (语言变体) that has different functions so as to perform their communication effectively. The la
5、nguage varieties are what people called “style” (文体或语体).,Proper words in proper places make the true definition of a style. （Jonathan Swift）(适当的词用于适当的场合,就是风格的确切定义。)The difference between the right word and the almost-right word is as great as that between lighting and the lighting bug. (Mark Twain)用
6、词准确与用词几乎准确，这两者之间的差异就如同闪电与萤火虫之间的差异。,1989年版辞海是这样定义风格的：作家、艺术家在创作中所表现出来的艺术特色和创作个性，具有主观和客观两个方面。主观方面是作家的创作追求，客观方面是时代，民族，阶级乃至文体对创作的规定性。,在北京外国语大学执教40余年的英籍专家David Crook曾经讲过这样一件事，中国学生在课本里学了“Fancy meeting you here.”（没想到在这儿碰到你。）之后就到处套用。而且有一次，一个学生在厕所里见到他还这么说，令他十分尴尬。,Style is the man. (Buffon) (文如其人)e.g. Li Bai V
7、S Du Fu,李白,夜宿山寺危楼高百尺，手可摘星辰。不敢高声语，恐惊天上人。,杜甫,兵 车 行车辚辚，马萧萧，行人弓箭各在腰。耶娘妻子走相送，尘埃不见咸阳桥。牵衣顿足阑拦道哭，哭声直上干云霄。道旁过者问行人，行人但云点行频。,Different types of style: level of formality,Martin Joos (1962) in his The Five Clocks suggests five degrees of formality: frozen, formal, consultative, casual and intimate.,The five clo
8、cks by Martin Joos,Frozen/Formal/Consultative/Casual/IntimateFormal Informal,The five clocks by Martin Joos,(1) the frozen style (庄严体): most used on ceremonies, in very formal occasion, in written legal documents or highly solemn speech (2) the formal style (正式体): public address(3) the consultative
9、style (商谈体、一般体): less formal gatherings, used in daily lives(4) the casual style ( 随意体):among friends(5) the intimate style (亲密体): between family members or bosom friends,e.g.A) Visitors would make their way at once to the upper floor by way of the staircase. B) Visitors should go up the stairs at o
10、nce. C) Would you mind going upstairs please? D) Time you all went upstairs now. E) Up you go, Chaps!,(frozen),(formal),(consultative),(casual),(intimate),Translation practice,My beloved parent has joined the heavenly choir .My dear father has expired . My father has passed away . My dad has died .
11、My old man just kicked the bucket .,吾父升天矣（ frozen ） 我亲爱的父亲已经过世了(formal) 父亲走了(consultative) 父亲死了(casual) 我家那个老头儿翘辫子了(intimate),(A lecturer is going to make a speech, but it is noisy in the hall, so he said the following:)Your silence is requested. Quiet, please. Would you be so good? Do shut up. Put
12、a sock in it. Drop dead! （Here the speakers tone changes from very polite to dissatisfied, to impatient, until at last shouting abuse. ）,2. Style and Literature,文艺语体是通过艺术形象来反映客观现实的，特点是广泛运用带有感情色彩和描绘色彩的语言成分。语言的形象性是最主要的特征。,Some fishing boats were becalmed just in front of us. Their shadows slept, or al
13、most slept, upon the water, a gentle quivering alone showing that was not complete sleep or if sleep, that was sleep with dream.眼前不远,渔舟三五,凝滞不前,樯影映在水上,仿佛睡去,偶尔微见颤动,似又未尝熟睡,恍若惊梦。,the language of literature is used as an artistic medium, to create images, to bring out the rich multi-level meaning and the
14、matic significance of a literary work.,3. Style and Literary Translation,e.g.,Dombey was about eight-and-forty years of age. Son about eight-and-forty minutes. Dombey was rather bald, rather red, and though a handsome well-made man, too stern and pompous in appearance, to be prepossessing. Son was v
15、ery bald, and very red, and though (of course) an undeniably fine infant, somewhat crushed and spotty in his general effect, as yet. (Charles Dickens : Dombey and Son),Dombey was about Son abouteight-and-forty eight-and-fortyyears of age. minutes.Dombey was rather bald, Son was very bald, rather red
16、, and very red, and though a handsome though (of course) an well-made man, undeniably fine infant,too stern somewhat crushedand pompous and spotty in appearance, in his general effect,to be prepossessing. as yet.,参考译文：董贝大约四十八岁。他的儿子出世大约四十八分钟。董贝的头稍稍有些秃，脸色稍稍有些红；虽然他是一位外貌漂亮、身材匀称的男子，可是神色过分严厉与傲慢，因此不能使人产生好感
17、。他的儿子的头很秃，脸色很红；虽然他当然不可否认地是一个可爱的婴孩，可是看上去有些皱巴巴的，身上斑斑点点。,analysis,董贝大约四十八岁。 他的儿子出世大约四十八分钟。 董贝的头稍稍有些秃，脸色稍稍有些红； 他的儿子的头很秃，脸色很红； 虽然他是一位外貌漂亮、身材匀称的男子，可是神色过分严厉与傲慢，因此不能使人产生好感。 虽然他当然不可否认地是一个可爱的婴孩，可是看上去有些皱巴巴的，身上斑斑点点。,In translation, attention should be paid to a careful understanding of the level of formality th
18、e original text belongs to.,他对小儿子说，“那时候，干一天活儿累得连炕都上不去，浑身疼得要命，睡也睡不着。” (1) He said to his little son, “At that time, I was so fatigued after a days drudgery that I found it very hard to mount the kang. My whole frame aching acutely, I couldnt go to sleep however hard I tried.” (2) He said to his littl
19、e son, “ In those days, I was usually so done up after a days hard work that I could hardly get on the kang. As my whole body ached like anything, I simply couldnt get to sleep even I tried to.,“ Dear little innocent lamb, you need one,” said the Marquis, and his jaw thrust out, and he began to grin
20、 hideously ”(非常讨厌地), his little eyes leering towards (睨视) Rebecca. (Vanity Fair) “亲爱的小羔羊，你多么纯洁，真需要一只看羊狗来保护你。”他伸出下巴涎着脸儿笑起来，乜斜着一双小眼睛对她一溜，那样子难看极了。 名利场杨必女士在这段译文中充分发挥自己文笔轻灵、俏皮的特点，通过把“hideously”(非常讨厌地)译成方言“涎着脸” （死皮赖脸地纠缠他人），把“leer towards” (睨视)译为“乜斜”（色迷迷地睨视），将斯坦恩侯爵厚颜无耻、淫秽猥陋的嘴脸描摹得活灵活现，如见其人，从而充分地体现了作者讽刺资产阶级贵
21、族丑恶嘴脸的本意，成功地再现了原作的风格意义。,培根作品汉译：谈读书OF STUDIES by Francis Bacon,1 Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.东旭译文：读书是为了娱乐、装饰和增长才能。水天同译文：读书为学底用途是娱乐、装饰和增长才识。王楫译文：读书可以怡情养性，可以摭拾文采，可以增长才干。王佐良译文：读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。高健译文：学之为用有三：充娱乐、供装饰、长才干也。何新译文：读书可以作为消遣，可以作为装饰，也可以增长才干。陈才宇译文：读书可以作为娱乐，作为装饰，作为能力的培养。
22、姚宗立译文：学习以获乐趣，以装饰门面，以求才能。廖运范译文：读书能给人乐趣、文雅和能力。曹明伦译文：读书之用有三：一为怡神旷心，二为增趣添雅，三为长才益智。陈毅平译文：读书可以娱乐，可以装饰，可以增长才干。,2. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.东旭译文：读书能使人充实；谈话能使人机敏；写作能使人精确。水天同译文：阅读使人充实，会谈使人敏捷，写作与笔记使人精确。王楫译文：读书使人充实，讨论使人机敏，作笔记使人精确。王佐良译文：读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。高健译文：读书使人充实，谈话使人敏捷，动笔使人精确。何新译文：读书使人充实，讨论使人机敏，写作则能使人精确。陈才宇译文：读书使人充实；交谈使人机敏；摘录使人精确。姚宗立译文：读书使人完善充实；交谈使人敏捷机智；边读书边做笔记使人精确严谨。廖运范译文：读书使人渊博，辩论使人机敏，写作使人精细。曹明伦译文：读书可使人充实，讨论可使人敏锐，笔记则可使人严谨；陈毅平译文：阅读使人充实，交谈使人机敏，笔记使人精确。,
