《英语音标详解ppt课件.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语音标详解ppt课件.pptx（125页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、English Pronunciation,English PhonemesSyllables, Stress and RhythmReading skillsIntonationDifference between “BritishEnglish”and “AmericanEnglish”,Game of Tones,Read the following letters in rising tone and falling tone.ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ,English Phonemes,VowelsConsonants,Background,Cardinal
2、 Vowels Front Central BackClose i： u:Close-mid e :Open-mid open a ,:,VOWEL Letters,Aa /e/ /Ee / i:/ /e/Ii /a/Yy /a/ / / i:/ Oo / /Uu /ju:/ / /,Vowels,Front Vowels,Open your mouth a little to make the sound, spread your lips wide, like you are smiling, this is a long vowel.,we,bee,sea,field,receive,p
3、olice,people,Front Vowels,First make the sound /i:/, then open your mouth a little to make the sound, your lips are more relaxed, this is a short vowel.,visit,exam,minute,Monday,Front Vowels,First make the sound / /, then open your mouth a little to make the sound, your lips are relaxed, this is a s
4、hort vowel.,end,red,many,head,friend,Front Vowels,First make the sound / e/, then open your mouth a little to make the sound, your lips are relaxed, this is a short vowel.,am,cat,Central Vowels,First make the sound / e/, then open your tongue backwards and lower a little, your tongue is at around th
5、e middle of the mouth. Your lips are tight.,term,girl,word,fur,learn,journal,Central Vowels,First make the sound / e/, then open your tongue backwards and lower a little, your tongue is at around the middle of the mouth. Your lips are relaxed.,better,doctor,ago,famous,color,figure,today,open,Central
6、 Vowels,First make the sound / e/, then open your mouth a little more, put your tongue backwards and lower a little, but a little more forward and up than the sound/.your tongue is at around the lower middle of the mouth. Your lips are relaxed.,son,but,couple,blood,does,Back Vowels,First make the so
7、und / /, then open your mouth a little more, put your tongue backward and lower. Your lips are round in shape. This is a long vowel.,car,class,half,heart,aunt,First make the sound / a: /, then close your mouth a little more. Your lips are slightly round in shape. This is a short vowel.,Back Vowels,d
8、og,want,cough,knowledge,because,Back Vowels,First make the sound / /, then make your mouth more closed and more rounded, put the back of the tongue up a little to make the sound. This is a long vowel.,war,talk,all,horse,board,before,four,door,law,fault,bought,Back vowels,First make the sound / /, th
9、en raise the back of your tongue and put forward a little to make the sound. Your lips are slightly round in shape. This is a short vowel.,foot,could,bush,woman,Back vowels,First make the sound / u /, then raise the back of your tongue and pull backward a little to make the sound. Your lips are stro
10、ngly round in shape. This is a short vowel.,do,goose,soup,rude,chew,shoe,two,fruit,Listen and check your/,Diphthongs,First make the sound / e/, then make the sound /,there is a glide from/ e/to/.,gate,rain,day,stein,they,great,sleigh,First make the sound / a/, then make the sound /,there is a glide
11、from/a/to/.,time,die,cry,eye,high,height,buy,First make the sound / /, then make the sound /,there is a glide from/to/.,boil,boy,First make the sound / a/, then make the sound / /,there is a glide from/a/to/ /.,blouse,cow,First make the sound / /, then make the sound / /,there is a glide from/to/ /.
12、,boat,toe,so,low,soul,though,/ tour,-Wemadeatouroftheyacht.-HetookheronatourofEurope.-I think you are not quitesureabout it.,/ /,First make the sound / /, then make the sound / /,there is a glide from/to/ /.,poor,tour,sure,during,they,cruel,usual,First make the sound / /, then make the sound / /,the
13、re is a glide from/to/ /, with the tongue moving up from front to the middle position in your mouth.,hero,here,dear,cheer,media,familiar,idea,period,Vietnam,fierce,medium,First make the sound / e /, then make the sound / /,there is a glide from/e/to/ /, with the tongue moving from low front to the m
14、iddle position in your mouth.,bear,care,air,their,there,Consonants,Consonant Letters,Bb/b/ Dd/d/ Cc /k/ /s/ /Ff/f/ Gg/g/ Dd/d/ /d/ Hh/h/ Kk/k/ Gg /g/ /d/ /Ll/l/ Mm/m/ Jj /d/ Nn/n/ Pp/p/ Qq /k/Rr/r/ Ss/s/ /z/ / / Tt/t/ / / t/ Vv/v/ Yy/j/Ww/w/ Zz/z/ X /ks/ /gz/,Bilabial/Plosives,First close your lips
15、hard, and push the air in your mouth forward. Open your lips fast and suddenly release the air to make the sound. Do not use your voice.,Bilabial/Plosives,First close your lips hard, and push the air in your mouth forward. Open your lips fast and suddenly release the air to make the sound. Use your
16、voice.,Alveolar/Plosives,First put your tongue tip just behind your top teeth, and push the air in your mouth forward. Then move away your tongue tip from your teeth ridge fast and release the air to make the sound. Do not use your voice.,teach,Thailand,better,stopped,Alveolar/Plosives,First put you
17、r tongue tip just behind your top teeth, and push the air in your mouth forward. Then move away your tongue tip from your teeth ridge fast and release the air to make the sound. Use your voice.,day,middle,Velar/Plosives,First touch the back of the roof of your mouth with the back of your tongue, and
18、 push the air in your mouth forward. Then move away your tongue fast and release the air to make the sound. Do not use the voice.,cock,cake,ask,like,taxi,school,conquer,Velar/Plosives,First touch the back of the roof of your mouth with the back of your tongue, and push the air in your mouth forward.
19、 Then move away your tongue fast and release the air to make the sound. Use the voice.,go,ghost,egg,Labio-dental/Fricative,First put your upper teeth on your lower lip, and force the air out between your teeth and lip with a frication. Do not use the voice,fit,photo,off,enough,Labio-dental/Fricative
20、,First put your upper teeth on your lower lip, and force the air out between your teeth and lip with a frication. Use the voice,Alveolar/Fricatives,First put your tongue tip behind your upper teeth to almost touch the roof of your mouth. Force the air out over the top of your tongue with a frication
21、. Do not use your voice.,goose,so,cent,niece,taxi,science,pass,box,Alveolar,First put your tongue tip behind your upper teeth to almost touch the roof of your mouth. Force the air out over the top of your tongue with a frication. Use your voice.,his,zoo,prize,those,Glottal/Fricative,First open your
22、mouth, and force a stream of air out of your mouth with a frication. Keep your tongue off the roof of the mouth, and do not use your voice.,hat,who,Dental/Fricative,Put your tongue tip between your upper teeth and lower teeth.Force the air out between your tongue and upper teeth with a frication.Do
23、not use your voice.,Dental/Fricative,Put your tongue tip between your upper teeth and lower teeth.Force the air out between your tongue and upper teeth with a frication.Use your voice.,Palato-alveolar,Raise the front of your tongue touards the mid-roof of your mouth. Force the air out from the two s
24、ides of your tongue with a frication. Your lips are slightly round in shape. Do not use your voice.,sheet,machine,delicious,motion,sure,tension,fascist,Palato-alveolar,Raise the front of your tongue touards the mid-roof of your mouth. Force the air out from the two sides of your tongue with a fricat
25、ion. Your lips are slightly round in shape. Use your voice.,casual,allusion,seizure,garage,regime,Alveolar/Lateral,First put your tongue tip on the upper teeth-ridge. Force the air out over both sides of your tongue. Use your voice when making the sound/l/.When its before a vowel, it is a clear /l/-
26、 lost,late,vanilla,Alveolar/Lateral,When it is before a consonant or at the end of the word, it is a dark /l/, also as /l/,pull,pool,talk,would,Silent “ l ”,Post-alveolar/Approximant,Raise your tongue tip towards the back of the teeth ridge without touch it. Your lips are slightly round in shape.,re
27、ad,carry,wrong,rhythm,Bilabial/Approximant,First make the sound /u:/ , then make your lips tightly round and push the air out.,water,quite,what,one,Palatal/Approximant,First make the sound /i:/ , then raise the middle of your tongue to touch the roof of the mouth, making your lips spread and force t
28、he air out. Use your voice to make this sound.,yet,cue,view,Bilabial/Nasal,First close your mouth, and send the air out from your nose. Use your voice to make this sound, and this is a voiced consonant.,man,summer,comb,autumn,Alveolar/Nasal,First open your mouth, and put your tongue tip against your
29、 teeth ridge, then send the air out from your nose. Use your voice to make this sound, and this is a voiced consonant.,name,funny,sign,know,Velar/Nasal,First open your mouth, and touch the back roof of your mouth with the back of your tongue, then send the air out from your nose. Use your voice to m
30、ake this sound, and this is a voiced consonant.,sing,sink,Palato-alveolar,Join the sound/t/ and / /. Do not use the voice.,chair,watch,question,nature,Palato-alveolar,Join the sound/d/ and / /. Use the voice.,jam,gem,judge,adjacent,/tr/ tree,- Thetruckwas heavily loaded.- We planttreesand flowers in
31、 spring.- This idea seems good but you need totryit out.,/ tr/,Join the sound/t/ and / r/. Do not use the voice.,try,victory,secretary,/dr/ dress,- She wears a beautiful eveningdress.- Dont drink anddrive.- I had some very strangedreamslast night.,/ dr/,Join the sound/d/ and / r/. Use the voice.,/ts
32、/ boats,/ ts /,-There are three boats on the river.Two cats are running after a mouse. The skirts are very lovely. The ants like eating apples.,First put your tongue tip just behind your top teeth.Force the air out between your tongue and upper teeth with a frication.Do not use your voice.,/dz/ wood
33、s,/ dz /,- Their family often picnics in thewoods.Shefindsthe stones on theseashore. Sarah and I had a great time while thekidswereaway.,First put your tongue tip just behind your top teeth.Force the air out between your tongue and upper teeth with a frication.Use your voice.,Syllables, Stress and R
34、hythm,Syllables,Asyllableis a unit of organization for a sequence ofspeechsounds.A syllable is typically made up of a syllable nucleus (avowelorsyllabic consonant) with optional initial and final margins (typically,consonants).syllabic consonant: /r/ /m/ /n/ /l/ a consonant forms a syllable on its o
35、wn or is the nucleus of a syllable.animal middle battlecriticism symbolism tourismcousin dozen frozenbutton cotton muttonmaiden sudden wooden Monosyllable One Syllable words I tree great please light wordDisyllable Two Syllable wordsCi ty table rely student pupilPolysyllable Multi Syllable wordsBask
36、etball nationality telephone,Stress,The stress placed on syllables within words is calledword stressorlexical stress.The position of stress in a word is not predictablein English. Stress is usually truly lexical and must be memorized as part of the pronunciation of an individual word.The stress mark
37、 is placed immediately before a stressed syllable, and when the stressed syllable is in the middle of a word, the stress mark also marks a syllable break.For example in the word understood /ndstd/Sometimes more than one level of stress, such asprimary stressandsecondary stress, may be identified.For
38、 example in the word “education”General Rules:Prefixes unstressedSuffixes that cause a shift of stress in the root word:-eous, -graphy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ical, -ious, -ity, -ionPhotograph photography photographic Numerals: stress on the first syllableCompound: stress on the first elementReflexives:
39、stress on self/selves,Stress,winter summer season peoplepicnic swallow gentle rainbowbegin success enjoy decideAttention beside giraffe alarmmagazine university lemonade understand conversation engineer kangaroo Chinese thirteenafternoon unknown sixteenseventeen eighteen nineteen,重读单词-变化,一个单词重读音节的位置
40、变化会导致单词词性发生变化。the record n. to record v.the present n. to present v.the desert n. to desert v.the produce n. to produce v. perfect adj. to perfect v.,句子中的重读和弱读,实词(名词、动词、形容词、副词)以及其他信息词（疑问词、指示代词、物主代词、小品词、否定缩略词）一般是重读，而功能词（冠词、代词、所有格、介词、助动词、连词）一般是弱读。Dont be late. Do be quietCome on, I dont want to be lat
41、e.Whos in the bathroom? His wifes Italian. The mans in the kitchen.,sentence stress,强度重要的词语（实词或信息词）制造话语节奏,Rhythm,Speakers of stressed-timed languages such asEnglishandMandarin Chineseput roughly equal time lags between stressed syllables, with the timing of the unstressed syllables in between them b
42、eing adjusted to accommodate the stress timing.Syllable / slbl/ syllableBasketball / bsktbl/ basketbleTelephone / telfn/ telephoneDepartment / dptmnt/ departmentTelevision / telvn/ televisionNecessary /nessri/ necessaryRemarkable / rmkbl/ remarkableEducation / eduken/ educationNationality / nnlti/ n
43、ationalityPhysiology / fzildi/ physiologyCommunication / kmjunken/ communicationExamination / zmnen/ examinationCreativity / krietvti/ creativity,Rhythmic Patterns,在重读音节和非重读音节之间有长短不同的停顿，非重读音节越多，就读的越快。,stress-timed nature,. . . cats eat fishthe cat is eating the fishthe cats there have eaten the fish
44、the cats there must have eaten the fishthe cats there could have been eating the fish,Rhythmic Patterns,Rhythmic Patterns,Rhythmic Patterns,Rhythmic Patterns,Rhythmic Patterns,Rhythmic Patterns,Consonant clusters,Word-Initial Clusters bl blow blade black blame blank blockcl class clever close clue c
45、ling clarityfl flag flake flame flank flap flash gl glad glass glow glide glaze glancepl play plan please plant plenty plug sl slave slang slow slot slip sleep,br bread break bring bright brown brothercr crack cradle cream create cry crossdr dread dry drill dream dress drive fr from fry frog front f
46、riend frostgr great green grow ground grief grinpr praise pray preach practice prepare presenttr tree tray try train treat trouble,Word-Initial Clusters,sc scan scale scare scatter school schedulesk skirt sky skate skip skill skin sl sleep slight slice sly slipper slendersm small smart smell smile s
47、moke smooth sn snack snow snag snail snake snapsp space spade spare speak spoke spoonst star stay steal store stop studentsw sweep sweat swell swim switch Swissspl split splash splendid splendor splurge splicescr scrabble scramble scratch scream screenspr spread spring spray sprite sprinkle sproutst
48、r strange straight stress street strong strikesqu square squash squeak squeeze squeal squawk,Word-Initial Clusters,thr three thread thrive throw through thrillthw thwack thwaite thwart,Word-Initial Clusters,Word-Final Clusters,voiceless consonant+ s /s/ books caps cupsvoiceless consonant+ t /t/ fact
49、 left shiftvoiceless consonant+ ed /t/ asked looked worked-t+s /ts/ boats coats catsvoiced consonant+s /z/ pigs eggs filmsvoiced consonant+ed /d/ closed turned climbed-d+s /dz/ beds spends grades-f/fe+s = ves /vz/ leaves wives knivesconsonant+ y+s=ies /iz/ ladies studies stories /aiz/ flies spies tr
50、ies,other consonant formation,ch watchessh washesge + es /iz/ bridgesx boxess busest +ed /id/ wantedd mended,Rhyme,Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall. Humpty Dumpty had a great fall. All the kings horses, And all the kings men, Couldnt put Humpty together again.,Blow, Wind, Blow,Blow, wind, blow! And go, m
