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1、Sonnet 18,Definition of Sonnet,A sonnet is a lyric, invariably, of fourteen lines, usually in iambic pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme. 十四行诗是一种有十四行诗句构成的抒情诗体，用抑扬格五音步作全诗的形式，有固定韵律。,Types of Sonnet,There are three dominant types of sonnet, all named after their founders or perfecters (完善
2、者): Petrarchan sonnet 皮特拉克十四行诗Spenserian sonnet 斯宾塞体十四行诗Shakespearean sonnet 莎士比亚式十四行诗,Shakespearian Sonnet,Also known as the English Sonnet, consists of three quatrains(四行诗) followed by a couplet(对句) .The rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg. A theme is developed in the quatrains, and a concluding tho
3、ught is presented in the couplet.,Appreciation,Shall I compare thee to a summers day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.,- a summers day: In England, summer is not hot but comfortably warm. It is the most pleasant season of the year.-temperate: gentle, soft, mild 温和的,英译: How can I compare you t
4、o a summers day since you are lovelier and gentler than it?,Modern English v.s. Middle English现代英语和中古英语,youYou (宾格)youryours,thine thouTheeThy,英译：In fact, the violent winds do destroy the lovely buds of May, and summer lasts for only a very short period of time.,Rough winds do shake the darling buds
5、 of May,And Summers lease hath all too short a date.,rough: violent; terribledarling: lovely; dear; charminglease: Here it is figuratively used, meaning “lifetime”.hath: old use for “has”date: period of time,But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst,Nor shall D
6、eath brag thou wandrest in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growst,eternal summer: (metaphor) immortal youthfulness Death: (personification) the destroyer of lifeeternal lines: immortal lines of poetry such as the lines in this poemto time thou grost: youll grow together with time, just
7、as time that lasts forever,英译: If you are written in an eternal poem, you will become part of time; you will always be young or your youthfulness will be everlasting (will never disappear); you will never lose your beauty; and even Death shall not boast that you are under his control.,So long as men
8、 can breathe or eyes can see,So long live this, and this gives life to thee.this: this poem英译： As long as there is man living in this world, as long as mans eyes can see things, this poem will be eternal and it will also make you immortal.,Sonnet 18 (1609),Shall I compare thee to a summers day? 我怎么能
9、够把你来比作夏天？ Thou art more lovely and more temperate: 你不独比它可爱也比它温婉： Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, 狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践， And summers lease hath all too short a date: 夏天出赁的期限又未免太短：,Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, 天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈， And often is his gold complexion dimmed, 它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽： And
10、every fair from fair sometime declines, 被机缘或无常的天道所摧折， By chance, or natures changing course untrimmed没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。,But thy eternal summer shall not fade, 但是你的长夏永远不会雕落， Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst, 也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳， Nor shall death brag thou wandrest in his shade, 或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊， When in ete
11、rnal lines to time thou growst, 当你在不朽的诗里与时同长。 So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, 只要一天有人类，或人有眼睛， So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 这诗将长存，并且赐给你生命。,Theme,A profound meditation on the destructive power of time and the eternal beauty brought forth by poetry to the one he loves. A nice summers day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last forever. Thus Shakespeare has a faith in the permanence of poetry.,
