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1、英语句子可分为五种基本句型,1、主语谓语2、主语系动词表语3、主语谓语宾语4、主语谓语宾语宾语5、主语谓语宾语补语,掌握好这些基本句型，就可以为灵活运用语言打下良好的基础。下面分别讲解这五种句型,句型一：主语+谓语（不及物动词）,不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念，不需要宾语及补语，但有时可有副词，介词短语等状语修饰语。,e.g.Therainstopped. Theoldmanwalksinthepark.,句型一的扩展：,1.主语+不及物动词+状语e.g.Themachineworkssmoothly.(机器运转正常。),2.主语+不及物动词+动词不定式e.g.Theystoppedtot
2、akeashortrest.(他们停下来稍作休息),特别提醒动词stop可用作不及物动词，也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时,通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时，通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。e.g.Theystoppedtakingarest.,注意：在此句型中，有少数不及物动词表达被动含义，表达主语本身所具有的特性，不用被动语态。,1.The book sells well. 2.The window wont shut. 3.The pen writes smoothly.4.Cheese cuts easily.,句型二：主语+系动词+表语,系动词 be动
3、词am is are was were持续系动词keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand 表像系动词seem, appear, look 感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste变化系动词 become, grow, turn, get, go 终止系动词 prove, turn out,1.He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。2.This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3.He seems （to be） very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 4.It worried her a bit t
4、hat her hair was turning gray. 他头发变得灰白让他忧虑。 5.The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。 6.His plan turned out a success .他的计划终于成功了。,句型二：主语+系动词+表语,系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没，需要形容词，名词，介词短语等来补充说明主语,1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词做表语) 2.Gradualy he became silent.(形容词做表语) 3.She remained standing for a hour.(现在分词做表语) 4.The ques
5、tion remained unsolved.(过去分词做表语) 5.The machine is out of order.(介词短语做表语)6.The television was on.(副词做表语) 7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式做表语) 8.My job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语) 9.The question is what you want to do.(从句做表语，即：表语从句),_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,注意：在下面的句子中，形容词做表语，在表语的后面常常接不定式结构,Im ha
6、ppy to meet you. They are willing to help. We are determined to follow his example.,句型三：主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语,e.g.WearelearningEnglish.,Doyouknowhim?,Yourradioneedsrepairing.,句型四：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。,e.g.Hermotherboughtheraskirt. Givemethebook,please.,可以带双宾语的动词： 买卖关系： buy pay cost 给予关系：
7、 give grant pass offer bring send 借还关系： lend return owe wish 说服关系： tell persuade 命名选举关系：name call elect select 其他关系： wish envy make,We _ each other the best of luck in the examination.(1991)我们彼此祝愿考试幸运 A. hoped B. wanted C. expected D. wished,【分析】：each other the best of luck两个都是宾语，能接双宾语的词只有wish,D,特别提
8、醒,A.在此句型中，通常是间接宾语（人）在前，直接宾语（物）在后，有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时间 接宾语前应加上适当的介词。,e.g.Hermotherboughtaskirtforher. Givethebooktome,please.,直接宾语与间接宾语对调时，间接宾语前加介词to的动词有：give，tell,lend,sell，teach,send，write，show,return，bring，pass，leave，offer，hand间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：buy，choose，get，make，order，sing，do，play,B.如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须
9、把直接宾放在间接 宾语前，且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。e.g.Ihandedittoourteacher.不能说：Ihandedourteacherit.,C.此句型变为被动语态时，可分为两种情况。e.g.Hermotherboughtheraskirt.a.Shewasboughtaskirtbyhermother. b.Askirtwasboughtforherbyhermother.,句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 及物动词本身需要一个宾语外，还需要一个名词，形容词，副词,动词不定式，分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意念。,e.g.WeelectedLiYangourm
10、onitor.Thenewsmadeussad.Shesawthethiefstealintotheshop.Theteacheraskedmetoanswerthequestion.Ifoundthemanstealingthemoney.Ifoundmymoneystolen.,特别提醒,A.现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。,B.在let(让)，make(使得)，have（请，让，使得），see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(观看)，feel(感觉到)，listento(倾听)，lookat(看到)，noti
11、ce(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式，则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时，则要带”to”.e.g.Wehearhersingnextdoor.Sheisheardtosingnextdoor.,注意： 在这个结构中，可以出现用it做形式上的宾语，把 真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中，宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。,1.He felt it his duty to mention this to her. 分析：it是形式宾语，hisduty是宾语补足语，to mention this to her是真正的宾语。,2.I think it best that you shou
12、ld stay with us. 分析：it是形式宾语，best是宾语补足语，that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。,There be 句型,说明：此句型是由 there + be + 主语 + 状语 构成，用以表达存在有。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如:,现在有 there is/are 过去有there was/were 将来有 there will be/there is /are going to be. 现在已经有there has/have been 可能有 ther
13、e might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 过去一直有there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be ,1. there be句型中也可以使用诸如：live，follow， come，stand，sit，go, lie, remain, exist等不及物动词：,Once upon a time，there lived a fisherman on the island. There came a k
14、nock at the door. At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.,2.谓语动词和主语保持一致：There is a television in the sitting room.,3.有两个或更多的主语时，动词一般和最近的一个保持一致：There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.,巩固性练习请判断下列句子的结构类型,1.He is running.2.The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry.3.The littl
15、e boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions. 4.She seemed angry.5.My father bought me a beautiful present.,主语-谓语,主语-谓语-宾语-补语,主语-谓语-宾语-宾语,主语-系动词-表语,主语-谓语-宾语-宾语,6.Why do you keep your eyes closed？7.Will you tell us an exciting story？8.We must keep our classroom tidy and clean.9.I heard the baby crying in the sitting room.10.Can you push the window open？,主语-谓语-宾语-宾语,主语-谓语-宾语-补语,主语-谓语-宾语-补语,主语-谓语-宾语-补语,主语-谓语-宾语-补语,
