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1、,名词性从句复习,Noun Clauses,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词从句,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,His job is important.,What he does is important.,主语,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,表语,I dont like his job.,I dont
2、like what he does every day.,宾语,I dont know about the man, Mr. White.,I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.,同位语,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。,名词性从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,引导名词性从句的关联词,1. 主语从句,在句中作主语的句子叫主语从句。,主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether 和连接代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及连接副词how,when,where, why等词引
3、导。,that在从句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。,What he wants to tell us is not clear.,他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。,Who will win the match is still unknown.,Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.,That he stole her heart is true.,单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语
4、动词则用复数形式。,Where and when he was born has not been found.,When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.,有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：,1）It + be + 名词 + that从句2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句,3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句,It is
5、 known to us how he became a writer.,我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。,注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有：,It is necessary Its important, Its natural,strange, etc.) that ,2. 宾语从句,名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。,引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。,1.)由连接词that引导的宾语从句,由连接词that引导宾语从句时，t
6、hat在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。,He has told me that he will go to kill himself tomorrow.,注意:在demand, order, suggest, advise, decide, insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用 “should+ 动词原形”。,I insist that she (should) do her work alone.,The commander ordere
7、d that troops (should) set off at once.,但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲, insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。,The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination.,I want to know what he has told you.,She always thinks of how she can work well.,She will give whoever needs help a warm support.,2
8、)用whether或if引导的宾语句,whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词后的宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其它名词性从句，如：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether.,Everything depends onwhether we have enough money.,I dont care about whether you have money or not.,介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。
9、,3)宾语从句中的时态呼应,宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态；,I know that he studies English every day.,I know (that) he will study English next year.,We all know that he has studied English since 2004.,I know that he studied English last term.,如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的语动只能用过去时的某种形式，如一般过去时，过去进行时
10、，过去将来时等；,We believed that he had earned enough money to buy a villa.,The Unknown told us that Peter had found a gold mine,当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。,Mr Know-all told us that the sun rises in the east.,4)当主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到
11、主句中成为否定的转移。,I dont believe that he will share the gold with us.,I dont think he will do so.,doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if 引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用 that 引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接 that 引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if 引导的名词性从句。,连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who, anything that等。它们也可以引导
12、让步状语从句，相当于 no matter who/ what/ which。,Whoever breaks the law should be punished.,3. 表语从句,在句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。,引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if, because 引导。其基本结构为： 主语 + 系动词 + that从句,The fact is that we have lost the game.,Thats just what I want.,This is where our problem lies.,That is why h
13、e didnt come to the meeting.,It looks as if it is going to sleet.,This is because he missed the class by one minute.,需要注意的是，当主语是reason 时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。,The reason why he was late was that he missed the class by one minute this morning.,4. 同位语从句,同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。,同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念 的名词后,如 n
14、ews, idea, information, fact, hope,thought, belief 等，用来说明名词所表示的具体内容，,引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that, whether和连接副词when, where, why, how；连接代词who，what，whose，which通常不引导同位语从句。,I have no idea when she will cry.,同位语从句和定语从句的区别：,that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。,I had no
15、 idea that you were here.,Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life about ancient China？,(that引导同位语从句,不能省略）,(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）,1. The photographs will show you _（MET） A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village lo
16、oks like,考查引导词that与what的区别,高考题例示：,1. _we cant get seems better than _we have. (NMET)A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what,2. No one can be sure _ in a million years. (MET)what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like,考查it在名
17、词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法,高考题例示：,1. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET)A. There B. This C. That D. It,考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题,高考题例示：,1.It is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language. (上海)A.masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master,名词性从句考点归纳,
18、一、名词性从句的语序,（1） 名词性从句用陈述句语序,That light travels in straight lines is known to all.,This is what we are looking for.,他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( ),你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Could you tell me where he lives? ( )Could you tell me where does he l
19、ive? ( ),F,T,T,F,二、名词性从句连接词的选用,（1）that 和what 的选用,that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。,that / what,1._ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true
20、 ?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.,What,That,that,what,what,what,that,what,if 和whether 的选用,不能使用if 的情况：a. 主语从句,表语从句，同位语从句b. 介词后的宾语从句c. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do.d .whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.e.从句
21、用在句首作主语从句时，只能用whether，不能用if,if / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.6. The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor
22、can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8. I dont know _ to go.,if / whether,Whether,whether,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,whether,其它连接代词和副词的连用,主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的选择who、which、when、where、why、how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。,我们何时结束课程还没有决定。_ we shall end up our cla
23、ss is not decided.我不知道昨天谁偷了我们办公室的锁。I dont know _ stole the lock yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.,When,who,what,where,that引导名词性从句时在从句中不做任何成分，也没有具体的意义。其他连接词在引导从句时都做相应的成分并有具体的意思。,Thattheyaregoodatlyingisknowntousall.Theproblemisthatwedonthave
24、enoughmoneyObamaexpressedthehopethathewould cometo Suiningoneday.,主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。,当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；He judged that because he was a child, he did not understand what he had said.当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthat shewasworried.,当that作介
25、词宾语时，that不可省掉。Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.,that从句做主语和宾语时，可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonder that. (C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thou ght/suggestedthat(D)Itseems/happensthat。IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.I
26、tissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup,that/ (that),1.I dont think _ she is coming.2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless .4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6.He told me _ his father had die
27、d and _ he had to make a living alone.,(that),that,that,that,that,(that),that,疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别：疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.nomat
28、ter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.,几个固定句式： 强调句 It is/was +强调部分that.(如果强调部分是疑问词)Who is it that spoke first?When was it that they came here? 关于doubt sb. doubt if/whether. sb. dont/doesnt that . There is no doubt that .There is no doubt that he will win the game. 疑问词do you think+(用陈述句语序)Who do you think we invited to give us the talk?,
