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1、英语句子概论,人教新课标高一英语期末语法复习名词性从句精品课件,英语句子的种类,简单句 (simple sentence),并列句 (compound sentence),复合句 (complex sentence),简单句的五种基本句型,The weather is very cold.主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语He laughed.主语+谓语（vi.）I like Chinese food.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语She taught them physics.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语We must keep the room warm. 主语+谓语(vt.) +宾语+
2、宾语补足语,并列句 把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。,I turned on the TV. My sister and I watched it. I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it. I bought my sister a present. She didnt like it. I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.,并列句,并列句,常用并列连词:,平行并列连词: 转折并列连词：因果并列连词: 选择并列连词:,and, bothand, not only
3、but also, neithernor,but, however, while, yet,or,eitheror,for, so,复合句:主句+从句,名词性从句定语从句状语从句,主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句,Noun Clause,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词, 在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。,主语,His job is important.,What he does is important.,表语,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,宾语,I dont like his job.,I dont like w
4、hat he does every day.,同位语,I dont know about the man, Mr. White.,I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.,Practice time：指出下列各名词性从句的种类。,1. At lunchtime, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.2. She wondered if the buses would still be running.3.
5、 The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.4. She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.5. When we will start is not clear.6. I had no idea that you were her friend.,宾语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,主语从句,同位语从句,Object Clauses 宾语从句,I know him . 2. I know who he is
6、.,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,句子做宾语就是宾语从句，跟在及物动词或介词后,句子结构：主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句。,宾语从句的注意事项,句子类型,that,陈述句,一般疑问句,if/whether (是否),特殊疑问词,特殊疑问句,一、连词（引导词） 1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。,Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. Sh
7、e says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.,宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. I know nothing
8、about him except that he is from the south.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.,在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。,Im sorry (that) I dont know .Were sure (that) our team will win .Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .,2. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whe
9、ther或if引导， “是否”，不能省略。,Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag .Lets see if /whether we can find out some information about that city .She asked me if /whether she could borrow these books .,1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 a.当有or not时就用whether,不用if.I dont know whether or not I will stay.
10、b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.c. whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。I have not decided whether to go or not. d）whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用The question of whether they are male or female is not important.,注意 whether和if的使用区别:,Practice time,if / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2
11、. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I dont know _ he is well or not.4. I dont know _ or not he is well.5. I dont know _ I should go.,if / whether,whether,whether,whether,whether/if,_ to go.,whether,3. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由疑问词（what, who, whom, which, whose when, where, how, why等）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的
12、意义，所以不可以省略。,Do you know what he said just now ? I dont remember when we arrived . I asked him where I could get so much money . Please tell me who whom we have to see . Do you know what time the plane leaves ?,I dont know _ is your brother. Is the man in dark glasses?I dont know _ of the boys is you
13、r brother.I dont know _ good they will do.Im worried about _ he will soon get well.I want to know _she has gone shopping.We wondered _ that was a spy or not.,who,which,what,whether,whether/if,whether,They have decided _ they will leave for New York. That is next Sunday.We dont know _ they didnt fini
14、sh the job in time.Mother was pleased _ her daughter had passed the college exams.Madam Curie discovered _ she called radium.Would you mind telling me _language your friend speaks?Would you mind telling me _language your friend speaks, English or French?,when,why,that,what,what,which,二、时态1. 如果主句是现在的
15、时态 （包括一般现在时 ， 现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过 去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。,I know he lives here .I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow .,2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）,I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking w
16、ith her mother. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it .,3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。,The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.,三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。,I dont know what is the matter the troublewrong with him.,1. When will he go to th
17、e library? His brother asks when he will go to the library . His brother asks when will he go to the library .,2. What does he want to buy ? I dont know what he wants to buy . I dont know what does he want to buy .,四.宾语从句的否定转移当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定前移至主句表示。I don
18、t think you are right.I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.,I dont believe that man is killed by Jim, _?I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, _?We suppose you have finished the project, _?,is he?,wont she/he?,havent you?,当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。1.Your sist
19、er supposes she needs no help, _?2.You thought they could have completed the project, _?3.They dont believe shes an engineer,_? 4.She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, _?,doesnt she,didnt you,do they,does she,1.The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. wheth
20、er2.We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. whether D. that,D,A,B,C,5. Could you show me _ ? A. how
21、 can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station6. Please tell me _. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like7. My sister told him _ . A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiti
22、ng D. where did you live,C,B,D,8. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _ . A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 9. Could you tell me how long _ ? A. you have bought the watch B. you have kept this science book C. have you been away from China D. have you been a member of Green
23、er China10. He says that if it _ tomorrow , he _ fishing . A. will rain , wont go B. rained , wasnt go C. rains , wont go D. rain , will go,B,C,D,Predicative Clauses 表语从句,表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem,连接词：that / whether /as if /as though （ if 不引导表语
24、从句) who / whom / whose / which / what when / where / why / how / because,The question is whether we can rely on him.Thats because we were in need of money at that time .He looked as if he was going to cry .Thats why I was late .,注 意：,在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“if”。一般情况下，“that”不能省。 It is /was be
25、cause . It is /was why. 3. The reason (why/for)is /was that.4 The reason is because /why,that .,1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. w
26、hat C. which D. where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when,Subject Clauses 主语从句,主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分。,1) That he will succeed is certain .2) Whether he will go there is not known .3) What he said is not true .4) Where he hid the money is to be found out .5) Whoe
27、ver comes is welcome.6) Its certain that he will succeed .,7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.,8) When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.,一. 由 that 引导that 无意义, 后接一个完整的句子. that 不可省。1. That we shall be late is certain.2. _ is known to all. (地球是圆的)3. _ is a pi
28、ty. (你错过了这次机会),That the earth is round,That you missed the chance,二 whether “if” 不能引导主语从句三. 疑问词,引导词,注意一:主语从句后置! 为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.That we shall be late is certain.- Its certain that we shall be late.1. That the earth is round is known to all.- 2. That you missed the chance is
29、 a pity.- 由连词 whether, 连接代词 what, who, which和连接副词 when,where,why,how 等引导,也常常后置:,It is a pity that you missed the chance.,Its known to all that the earth is round.,It 的用法： （形式主语） It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚 Its said/ reported that.据说/据报道 Its been announced/declared tha
30、t.已经通知/宣布 It seems/appears/happens. that 显然、明显、碰巧. Its no wonder that并不奇怪/无疑 Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知/ a common saying.（俗话说）,注意二注意：主语从句中 ，谓语动词一般用单数What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定What he needs _ that book.What he needs _ some books.,is,are,what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而that则不然,它在句子中只起连接作用。
31、例如：(1) What you said yesterday is right.(2) That she is still alive is a puzzle.,注意三：What 与 that 引导主语从句,_ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How,2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whether C That D Where,3._ is known to us all is t
32、hat America is a developed country_the First World.Which; belong to b. As, belonged to c. What; belonging to d. It; belonging to,4. Its known to us all _ a form of energy . A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. th
33、at C. what D. when6.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have,同位语从句 1. 跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明。常用名词有belief, fact, idea, hope, news, doubt, result, thought, information, opinion等。Suggestion, suggest order demand wish等2. 常用连词：that; when, where, why, how,e.g. 1.消息传来，拿破仑要来视察
34、他的军队。2.问题是他如何做这件事的。,Word came that Napoleon would come and inspect his grand army.,Its the question how he did it.,注意：1.同位语从句多用that 引导，无意义不可省。,2.在have no idea之后常用wh-引导同位语从句。,I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I have no idea what he did.,1.Two thirds of all girls in Britai
35、n are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.,2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night.,_,The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.,_,We heard the news last night that the Queen
36、of England was on a three-day visit in China.,4.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.,5.Chinese students should be given more free time./ The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.,3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many Brit
37、ish parents hold the view.,_,Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.,_,There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.,_,_,The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially
38、 kids in school.,比较：1.We expressed the hope that they had expected.我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望。2.We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.我们希望他们再来中国访问。,定语从句,同位语从句,区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句：引导同位语的连词that在句中不作任何句子成分，而在定语从句中，that充当的可以是从句的主语或宾语等。同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的具体说明，而定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰，解释为“.的”连词that在同位
39、语从句中不可省略,而在定语从句中当它充当宾语时可以省略。,Practice :判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句,1. They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.2. The hope that she expressed is that they would come to visit China again. 3.The fact that she works hard is well known to us all. 4. I cant stand the terrible noise that
40、she is crying loudly.,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,1. _made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities . A What / because B What / that C That / what D That / because2._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons . A Wh
41、at / why B That / what C What / because D Why / that,B,A,B,3. He is absent from school . It is _ he is seriously ill. A. why B. because C. that D. the reason,4 _has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising . A Who B The one C Anyone D Whoever 5. Information has been put forward _ more midd
42、le school graduates will be admitted into universities . A that B how C where D what,D,A,6 - I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week . - Is that _you had a few days off ? A why B when C what D where 7 -Are you still thinking about yesterdays game ? - Oh ,thats _. A what makes me feel excited B
43、whatever I feel excited about C how I feel about it D when I feel excited,A,A,._ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect . A What B That C This D Which 10. When you answer questions in a job interview ,please remember the golden rule : Always give
44、 the monkey exactly _ he wants . A what B which C when D that 11. We made the suggestion that he _ his work . A continues B continue C continued D had continued,B,A,B,12.There will be a special price for _ buys things in large number here.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. Whomever13. Mary wrote an articl
45、e on _ the team had failed to win the game .why B. what C. who D. that (05)14.The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. (05) A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever,14.Many newspaper printed the governors statement _ would support a tax cut. and he B. was that he C which he D
46、that he 15._ man must fear when traveling in space is radiation from the sun.Which B. How C. What D. That 16.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. However B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever,1. Can you make sure _ the gold rings?A. where she had put B. where had sh
47、e put C. where she has put D. where has she put,2.The reason that has been such a success _ he never gives up. A. is B. is because C. is that D. is what,3. _ breaks the law should be punished.A Whoever B. No matter who C. Anyone D. Who,4. That is _ I had to take the risk of being washed away. A. why
48、 B. reason why C. how D. what5. Do _ you think is right _ difficulties you may have. A. what ;however B. that ;whatever C. whatever ; whoever D. what; whatever6.The workers considered it important _ the boss would agree to give them a rise. A. whether B. how C. where D. which,7. Along with the lette
49、r was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether,8. Difficulty lies _ we have no money. A. that B. in that C. in the fact D. in the fact that,10. I dont think the question _ they are old or young is important. A. which B. whether C. how D. why,13. The
50、news _ Lincoln was murdered filled the American peoples hearts with deep sorrow. A. which B. when C. that D. how 14. _ he said at the meeting astonished everyone present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter15. I dont trust his promise _ he will buy me a new car. A. which B. what C. when D. tha
