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1、名词性从句,同位语从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句,Noun Clauses,关联词,1.连词 that,if/whether2.连接代词 what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which,whichever 等.3.连接副词 when,where,why,how等.,突破名词性从句的关键：“缺什么补什么”原则,一、主语从句 subject clause,_ we should set off at once is his suggestion._ the war ended made everyone happy.3.It was quite clear
2、 _ his uncle was fond of music.4.It is important that we _(study)hard.,注意：主语从句一般位于句首，但有时也可置于形式主语 it 引导的句子中，位于谓语动词之后。连词 that 不可省，在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用.,That,That,that,(should)study,_he said is true._is reported is beyond my expectation.,What,What,What在从句中充当主语，宾语，或表语,_he will come is not known.(不知道他是否来）,Wh
3、ether,主语从句只用whether不用if,_breaks the rule will be punished.（无论）_you do will not satisfy him.（无论）,Whoever,Whatever,主语从句只用wh-ever不用no matter wh-,it 作形式主语的结构,(1)It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识 It is no wonder that=No wonder that 难怪(2)It is 形容词 从
4、句 It is natural/strange that 很自然,/奇怪的是 It is likely that=sb./sth.is likely to do 很有可能(3)It 不及物动词 从句 It happened that碰巧 It seems/appears that 似乎 It occurs to me that 突然想到(4)It is 过去分词 从句 It is reported/said that 据报道,/据说=Sb./Sth.is reported/said to do/be doing/have done(5)It doesnt matter/makes no dif
5、ference wh-没关系/影响。,It is obvious that he is the best student in class.,_is obvious.,That he is the best student in class,区别下列句子：1.Its reported _many people died of SARS.2._ is reported,many people died of SARS.3._ is reported is _ many people died of SARS.,that,As,What,that,It is uncertain _the expe
6、riment is worth doing.A.if B.that C.whether D.how,二、宾语从句 Object Clause,宾语从句通常位于动词,介词之后。（连词that在从句中不充当成分，可省略,但 and 或 but 连接两个由 that 引导的宾从时，第一个 that 可省略，第二个 that 不可省。）,We do not agree the computer helps us a lot.They said they were strangers and_ they lost their way.I wish I _(go)to the party last nig
7、ht.I suggested he _(go)to the party last night.,(that),(that),that,had gone,(should)go,I understand _(all _)you said.I cant believe _ is reported.A car passed me at _I thought was a dangerous speed.The building will be built in _ was a wasteland before.,what,that,what,what,what,what在从句中作主语或宾语或表语,注意：
8、what 与 which 的区别Guess _famous person said this.(无范围)Ask him _platform the London train leaves from.(有范围),what,which,特别注意不用what也不用which的特殊句子:Can you tell me _ you would like to have your coffeeblack or white?,how,Ill believe _ you say.(无论什么）Ill give it to _ helps me.（无论谁）,whatever,whoever,whatever 相当
9、于 anything thatwhoever 相当于 anyone who名词性从句只用wh-ever,不用no matter wh-此处只能用whoever，不能用whomever,因为关系词是由它在从句中的成分和作用决定的,注意whatever和whichever的区别He is an expert.Take _ suggestion he will make.There are not many people here.Take_ seat you like.,whatever,whichever,引导宾语从句时whether,if一般可通用。但在下列情况下一般只用 whether。1.
10、在动词 discuss 之后。We discussed whether we should close the store.2.介词之后。Just now they talked about whether they would help us.3.宾语从句放主句前Whether he has stolen the money I cant say.4.后面紧跟 or not 时，一般只用 whether。He didnt say whether or not he would be staying here.5.后面跟不定式时，一般只用 whether。He doesnt know whet
11、her to go to Beijing(or not).6.引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句时,用 if 引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用 if 而要用 whether 来表示是否，并注意状语从句和宾语从句的时态：1.Please let me know you want to go.(如果)2.Please let me know you want to go.（是否）3.He ll go to England if he_（have）money next year.4.I wonder if it(rain)tomorrow.,if,whether,has,will rain,1
12、.I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2.I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3.The question is _ this book is worth writing.4.It depends on _ we will have enough money.5._ they can do it matters little to us.6.The manager asked me the question _ I would like to be his secretary.7._ you are not fr
13、ee tomorrow,Ill go without you.,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,Whether,If,用if 或whether 填空,whether,He has made _clear _he will not give in.Well see to _ _she gets home early.I hatedislike _when someone smokes in the office.Ill appreciate _ if you come to our party.They took_ for granted _ you kne
14、w the fact.,it,that,it,that,it,it,it,that,一些介词或动词的宾语从句如果由连词 that 引导，则需用 it 先行一步，作形式宾语。,He is a good student except _he is careless.I know nothing about him except _you told me.He usually goes to school on foot except_ it rains.He usually goes to school on foot except_ rainy days.I could say nothing
15、but _I was sorry.Cars and motorcycles are similar _ _ they are both privately owned means of transport.,on,what,when,that,that,in,that,because,连词 that 引导的从句很少作介词宾语，常只用在 except,but,in 等之后。,I dont suppose he cares,_ _?You dont suppose he cares,_ _?He supposes you dont care,_ _?,does he,do you,doesnt h
16、e,如主语是第一人称,在think,believe,suppose,expect 等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将 think 等动词变为否定形式。(反意疑问句看从句，否定转移）,注意插入语的用法：你认为他什么时候回来？,When do you think he will come back?,总结：do you thinkdo you suppose 作插入语：疑问词提前，句子用陈述语序,三、表语从句 Predicative Clause,It looked it was going to rain.(好像）It seems he has heard of i
17、t.What he told me was he would help me inany case.,表语从句通常位于系动词be,seem,look等之后。that只起连接作用，在从句中不充当成分，并一般不可省略,as if,that,that,He is no longer _he was three years ago.Actually,girls can be they want to be just like boys.(无论）,what,注意:what在从句中充当主语或宾语或表语,whatever,1.The reason _he was late is _his mother wa
18、s ill.2.The reason _ he gave me(explained to me)is acceptable.,why/for which,that,（that/which）,3.He was late.Thats his mother was ill.4.His mother was ill.Thats he was late.,because,why,reason的特殊句型与because,why引导的表语从句须注意！,1、He said we should finish the work today,and this is _I disagree.2、You always
19、give him whatever he wants.Thats_ you are wrong.3、-Whats that building?-Thats _sports equipment is stored.4、Thats the place the sports equipment is stored,where,where,where,注意where 引导的表语,状语，定语从句的区别,where/in which,1.A building will be built in _was a wasteland before.2.A building will be built in a p
20、lace _was a wasteland before.3.A building will be built in a place _ there was a church before.4.A building will be built _there was a church before.,what,宾从,which/that,定从,where/in which,定从,where,状从,四、同位语从句 appositive clause,The news _he won the first place is really exciting.The suggestion _we shou
21、ld depend on ourselves is a good one.,同位语从句前面的名词常为：idea.promise.belief news question fact suggestion possibility 等抽象名词，连词多为that，在从句中不充当成分，一般不能省。,that,that,1.The question he will come hasnt been decided.（是否)2.He had no idea she said that.（为何）3.They asked me the question they can find the books.（在哪）,同
22、位语从句的连词有that和whether（不用 if).在某些名词后面有时亦可用连how,when,where,why等.,whether,why,where,Mike told me his idea we had better go to the teacher for help.The idea Mike told me just now is very good.The news he passed the exam was a great surprise.The news he told me was a great surprise.,that,同,（that/which）,定,
23、that,（that/which）,同,定,1、同位语从句阐明它前面的名词的内容；定语从句则是对先行词加以修饰限制。2、只有在内容方面可以进一步阐明的名词（一般为抽象名词），才能带同位语从句，而几乎任何名词都可以带定语从句。3、that 引导同位语从句时，that在句中不作成分（不可省，也不能用which）；that引导定语从句时，that在句中须作主/表/宾，且常用which取代,作宾语还可省略。,再次友情提醒:,that/what1）that 在从句中不作句子成分，引导主语/表语/同位语从句时，不省略。2）that 引导宾从时，通常可省略。但 and/but 连接两个由 that 引导的宾
24、从时，第一个 that 可省略，第二个 that 不可省略。3）what 则须在从句中作主语/表语/宾语等,_ the boy didnt take the medicine made his mother angry.A.That B.What C.How D.Which,what 的 灵活使用1.He is _ is called supermanA.the person B.who C.what D.that,Key:C.what=the person that 总结:what 在宾语和表语从句中,可以是“的东西”,“的人”,“的时间”,“的地方”.其中 What=某个名词+that 定
25、语从句,2.She will send her son to _ Columbus called“New Continent”.A.where B.in which C.what D.there3.In western countries,Christmas is _ seems like“the Spring Festival”to Chinese.A.when B.what C.that D.the time,Key:C what=the place that,Key:Bwhat=the time that,选择填空 what,whatever,who,whoever,1._ she sa
26、id did not satisfy her friend.2._we need are more books.3._ made the long distance call to him is a secret.4._ breaks the law will be punished.5.They are always ready to give the vacant seats to_ comes first.6._broke the law is still unknown.,Whatever,What,Who,Whoever,whoever,Who,注意语序：1.我不知道他怎么了。I d
27、ont know _ with him.2.你不知道我有多担忧。You have no idea_.3.你无法想象他是多帅的 一个年轻人。You cant imagine _.,whats wrong/whats the matter,how worried I was,what a handsome young man he is.,名词性从句一律用陈述句语序。,doubt 在宾语从句中的句型：1.Can you doubt she likes me?2.I dont doubt he runs fast,but I doubt _hell win the match.,that,that,
28、whether/if,同位语从句中doubt 之后的用法1.There is no doubt _they will win.2.Is there any doubt_ they will win?3.There is some doubt _ they will win.4.I am in doubt _ I should do.,that,that,whether,what,总结：I doubt whether/if I dont doubt that Do you doubt that?,总结:There is/Sb.have(has)some doubt whetherIs there
29、 any doubt that There is no doubt that,Proofreading:What we need are more time.I havent decided when should I start.I dont know if I should go or not.He got the first prize in the contest surprises everyone.Ive got the news which we will have an English test next week.It is no possibility that he ca
30、n pass the exam.When and where we will hold the meeting havent been decided.8.The problem is whether we can get there on time，by bus or by taxi.,is,I should,That he,that,There,whether,_,hasnt,_,how,_,It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.while B.that C.if D.for2.Go and get your coat.Its _
31、 you left it.there B.where C.there where D.where there.3.Determination is a kind of basic quality and this is _ it takes to do anything well.A.that B.which C.what D.with which4.All the people around the world have the same simple dream_ they will always live in peace and comfort.A.that B.which C.whe
32、re D.when,小试牛刀,5.Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A.anyone B.whomever C.whoever D.no matter who6.It is necessary that _ by the end of the week.A.we got everything ready B.we have got everything ready C.We get everything ready D.we must get everything ready7.The book will show
33、 you _can be used in other contexts.A.how you have observed B.how what you have observed C.that you have observed D.how that you have observed,巩固练习,1.The subject of“what is interesting is that I dont even know him.”is_.A.what B.interesting C.what is interesting D.I2.One of the men held the view _ th
34、e book said was right A.that what Bwhat that Cthat Dwhether 3.I am not sure _ I could have done with my watch.A.where B.whether C.what D.how4.Dr.Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge,I cant remember_.Awhere Bthere Cwhich Dthat 5.Energy is _ makes things work A.What B.everything Csomething Dany
35、thing,6._ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A.Ifdo B.Thatdo C.Ifdoes D.Thatdoes7.You will easily know _ video recorders are the same.A.what those B.that of those C.that all of D.which of those8.He often thinks of_ he can do more for his country A.what B.how C.that D.which 9.Air is to us _
36、water is to fish A.is that B.what C.which D.that,10.I asked her in English_ she was,and she told me _ she was an actress.A.whothat B.whoX C.whatX D.howthat11.Is this _ we met each other two years ago.A.place B.place which C.place where D.where12.He insisted that he _in good health and _to work there
37、.A.wasbe sent B.is sent C.bewas sent D.besent13.Her pale face suggested that she _ ill.We all suggested she _ to see a doctor.A.bego B.wasgo C.waswent D.bewent,Translate the following into English:,1.我不知道邮局在哪里。,2.我们什么时候开运动会仍然是个问题。,3.我们必须记住这个事实，山羊通常生活在乡下。,5.他们是在十月二十一日的早晨出发的。,4.问题是我们是否应该接受他的邀请。,6.我不知道
38、他多大了。,7.据说她和一个工程师结婚了。,8.问题就是我们怎样把这本书翻译成英语。,9.我发现学习英语很必要。,10.请告诉我你想要什么。,I dont know where the post office is.,When we will have sports meet is still a question.,We must remember the fact that goats usually live in the countryside.,The question is whether we should accept his invitation.,It was on the morning of October,21st that they set out.,I dont know how old he is.,It is said that she has been married to an engineer.,The question is how we can put the book into English.,I find it necessary to learn English.,Please tell me what you want.,
