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1、名词性从句的翻译,Translation of Nominal Clauses,名词性从句的翻译,英语名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 四类。这些从句的翻译一般按原句的语序处理 即可，相对比较容易，但有时也可以译为并列分句、定语从句或其它形式的句子。,1.名词性从句译成并列分句2.名词性从句译成定语从句3.名词性从句译成其它句子,如果名词性从句包含两层以上的意思，需要把主句与从句分开译。一般先译出从句，放在句首，然后用汉语的复指代词“这”“那”，与主句的其他成分连成一句。同位语从句的翻译与定语从句的翻译非常近似，可以将同位语从句放在名词前，相当于前置的修饰语，但不必使用
2、定语的标志“的”字；可以保持原句的语序，译为后置的并列句，加入冒号、破折号或“这样”、“这”、“那就是”、“即”等字眼；也可以改变原句的同位语结构，采用汉语的无主句或其它方式的译法。,1.译成并列分句,That those who had learned from him now excelled him was a real challenge. (主语从句)向他学习过的人反倒超过了他，这对他的确是一个促进。Another cause of obscurity is that the writer himself is not quite sure of his meaning. (表语从句
3、)写不清楚还有一个原因，那就是作者自己对于所要表达的意思也不是很有把握。Many foster parents are driving by the belief that they have rescued societys most unwanted children. (同位语从句)很多养父母都有这样一个信念，那就是他们挽救了社会上最没人想要的孩子。,1.译成并列分句,1.译成并列分句,It was plain to see how old and firm the girlish heart had grown under the discipline of heavy sorrow.
4、 (it作形式主语) 一望便知，在沉重痛苦的磨炼下，她那颗少女之心已经变得多么苍老，多么坚韧。I take it for granted that you will come and talk the matter over with him.（it作形式宾语）我理所当然地认为，你会来跟他谈这件事的。,名词性从句的翻译,Does it require deep intuition to comprehend that mans ideas, views and conception, in one word, mans consciousness, changes with every cha
5、nge in the conditions of his material existence, in his social relations and his social life? (宾语从句)人们的观念、观点和概念，简单一句话，人们的意识随着物质存在的每一个变化而变化，随着社会关系和社会生活的每一个变化而变化，要理解这一点，难道还需要深思熟虑吗？,名词性从句的翻译,2 . 名词性从句译成定语从句,有些名词性从句，特别是以what, whatever, where, wherever, when, whenever 等引导的名词性从句，常可把指代的名词译出来，变成定语从句。,Where
6、you stumble becomes your opportunity to make corrections, to learn and grow.你跌倒的地方就是你改正错误、汲取教训、开始成长的地方。This is where the shoe pinches.这就是问题的症结所在。,名词性从句的翻译,A principle of science tells what usually happens under certain condition.科学原理告诉我们在一定条件下所会发生的事情。Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a
7、very deep impression.他此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻的印象。,2 . 名词性从句译成定语从句,名词性从句的翻译,3.名词性从句译成其他结构,What we found is that to achieve quality in a product, or by inference, in a life, you have to look enthusiastically for mistakes.（主语从句译成主谓结构）我们发现，在产品上追求质量，与在生活中追求质量一样，你须认真挑出各种失误。He expressed the hope that he could do th
8、e experiment again. （同位语从句译成宾语从句）他希望他能重做那次试验。,补充例句：名词性从句,It is necessary for young people to understand how our society depends upon scientific and technologi-cal advancement and to realize that science is a basic part of modern living. (it作形式主语) 我们的社会怎样依赖科学和技术的进步；科学是现代生活的基础部分之一，青年人懂得并认识到这两点，那是十分必要的
9、。 Not long ago the scientists made an exciting disco-very that this “waste” material could be turned into plastics. (同位语从句)不久前，科学家有了一个令人振奋的发现，即可以把这种废物变为塑料。,To most people it is not easy to explain why Einsteins theory eventually shook the whole scientific and intellectual world. (it作形式主语) 为什么爱因斯坦的学说
10、最后震撼了整个科学界和思想界，这对大多数人是难以解释清楚地。And there was always the possibility that a small electrical spark might accidentally bypass the most carefully planned circuit . (同位语从句)即使是设计最为周密的电路偶尔也会发出小小的火花，这种可能性在过去一直都不排除。,We can explain very simply the important differ-ences between solids, liquids, and gases on t
11、he basis of the theory that matter is made up of particles, and that these particles can move more easily in some states of matter than in others. (同位语从句)物质是由粒子组成的，这些粒子在一些物态中要比在另一些物态中更易于运动。 根据上述理论，我们可以简要地阐明固体、液体和气体之间的主要差别。,1.Itisoftensaidthatwidereadingisthebestalter- nativecourseofactionbutevenhere
12、itisnecessary tomakesomekindsofselection. （主语从句）人们常说,大量阅读是可供选择的最佳方案,但即使在这一方面,也需要某些选择。2.FromtheendoftheSecondWorldWaruntilveryrecently,itwasgenerallyacceptedinBritainthattheStateshouldprovideafullrangeoffreeeduca-tionalfacilitiesfromnurseryschoolstouniversities. （主语从句） 从第二次世界大战结束直到最近,英国人普遍接受这样一个观点,即:
13、国家应该提供从幼儿园到大学的全方位的免费教育设施。,3.Itisvirtuallyimpossibletoimaginethatuniversi- ties,hospitals,largebusinessorevenscienceand technologycouldhavecome into being without cities tosupportthem. （宾语从句） 如果没有城市的支持,简直难以想象会有大学、医院和大 企业,甚至连科学技术也不会有。4.Wefailtolearnthatpainisthebodyswayofin- formingthemindthatwearedoi
14、ngsomething wrong,notnecessarilythatsomethingiswrong. （宾语从句）我们不知道,人体只是用疼痛这种方式通知大脑,我们的行为出了差错,而并非一定健康有问题。,例,8.Itisvirtuallyimpossibletoimaginethatuniversities,hospitals,large,businessorevenscienceandtechnologycouldhavecomeintobeingwithoutcities,tosupportthem.(87,年试题,),如果没有城市的支持,简直难以想象会有大学、医院和大企业,甚至连科学
15、技术也不会,有。（宾语从句）,例,9.Wefailtolearnthatpainisthebodyswayofinformingthemindthatweare,doingsomethingwrong,notnecessarilythatsomethingiswrong.,我们不知道,人体只是用疼痛这种方式通知大脑,我们的行为出了差错,而并,非一定,键入文字,健康有问题。（宾语从句）,5.Oneaspectofanalogiesisthattheyarelimitedby thescientificunderstandingofthetime. （表语从句） 类比存在的一个问题在于类比受所处时
16、代的科学理解水 平的限制。6.Galieosgreatestglorywasthatin1609hewasthe firstpersontoturnthenewlyinventedtelescope ontheheavenstoprovethattheplanetsrevolve aroundthesunratherthanaroundtheEarth. （表语从句）伽利略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空,以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转,而不是围绕地球。,7.Unfortunately,Platosanalogymissesanimport- antcharacteri
17、sticofmemorythatitisselective. （同位语从句）令人遗憾的是,柏拉图所作的类比忽视了记忆的一个重要特性,即记忆是有选择性的。8.Inspiteofthefactthattheauthorswhodealtwith womensissuespriorto1949agreedinprinciple thatreformshadtobeinstituted,theoutlookthey depictedforreformwasbleak. （同位语从句）尽管1949年以前研究妇女问题的作者原则上同意改革势在必行,但他们为改革描绘的前景却是暗淡的。,课后练习： 翻译句子,注
18、意名词性从句的译法,Ill try to make up what I have missed.A principle of science tells what usually happens under certain conditions.The problem that all machines in this factory must be automated will be solved before long. （同位语从译成定语从句）4. It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.
19、(it作形式主语) 5. Today doctors can find out by means of x-rays whether a patient has tuberculosis.,课后练习： 翻译句子,注意名词性从句的译法,6. He is surprised to read the news in the newspaper that his father should be still alive. (同位语从句)7. I could see at once from his bright eyes and the smile on his face that the uniform was a disguise. 8. How the hot iron emits light energy, and how this energy reaches our eyes, is one of the natures deepest secrets. (主语从句)9. It is common knowledge that metals are made up of crystalline structure which is ordinarily termed “grain”. (it作形式主语),
