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1、21 世纪大学实用英语 综 合 教 程(第四册),21世纪大学实用英语,Unit 1,The Washwoman,Text A The Washwoman,Starter Background Information Text Understanding Language Points Exercises Writing,Starter: Look & Say,Take a look at the following pictures and discuss on the topic of “gray solution”.,Questions and Answers,Q1: How are o
2、ld people treated in China?Q2: Who do you think should provide for them? The government, the children or themselves? Why? Share your opinion with the class.,key,key,Words for reference,Empty nester: A parent whose children have grown and left home.Aged care: Elderly care or simply eldercare is the f
3、ulfillment of the special needs and requirements that are unique to senior citizens, which includes medical care, social care, national health service such as welfare, pension and etc.,Suggested Answers,Generally speaking, old people are respected and well taken care of in China. However, I have to
4、admit that some children treat their parents badly and dont provide them. The number of empty nesters is being increased rapidly with the development of economy and more and more children moving away from their parents homes. We should come back home more frequently and show more concerns and cares
5、to our parents and grandparents.,The form of elder care provided varies greatly among countries and is changing rapidly. Even within the same country, for example in China, regional differences exist with respect to the care for the elderly. In my opinion, old people should be provided both by their
6、 children and by the government, especially in rural areas, where most farmers have no pensions to support themselves. The government should take more effective measures to secure old peoples social welfare for their happy lives.,Background Information,Isaac Bashevis Singer Isaac Bashevis Singer (19
7、04-1991) was an American short story writer and novelist who wrote in Yiddish. Born in Poland, he came to the USA in 1935. He became a journalist at the New York Jewish Daily Forward , which also published his fiction . Singer is most famous for his short stories, which deal most with the heritage,
8、faith , and daily lives of Polish Jews, particularly in the Warsaw Ghetto. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1978.,Understanding the Text,This short story is about a woman who continued to work hard in her old age because she didnt want to become a burden. She washed for others, even
9、when she was already past 70. But she was proud and strong from her lifetime of hard work.,Reading Analysis,Part 1 (Para.1-3) A brief introduction of the washwoman The washwoman was small, old and wrinkled, but she possessed a strength that came through generation of peasant forebears. Although laun
10、dering was not easy in those days, she did a good job of it and charged no more than the other. Instead of begging at the church door or entering a home for penniless and aged, she bore her burden.,Topic,Details,Reading Analysis,Part 2 (Para.5-7) The absence of the washwoman Once the washwoman didnt
11、 bring back the wash in time, and her absence was a catastrophe for us. Mother announced that would never see our things again. We mourned both for the laundry and for the old woman who had grown close to us through the years she had served us so faithfully.,Topic,Details,Reading Analysis,Part 3 (Pa
12、ra.8-13) The return of the washwoman More than two months later, the washwoman returned with the laundry. She explained that she had been very ill but the wash didnt let her die. She came back because she was driven by a strong will to return the property to its owners, to fulfill the task she had u
13、ndertaken.,Topic,Details,Language Points,wrinkled a. having or showing small folds or lines in the skin 有皱纹的 e.g. a villager with a wrinkled face一位满脸皱纹的老乡亲,2.lean on/against rest in a reclining position for a support e.g. She leaned on her husbands arm, looking pale. 她靠在丈夫的臂膀里，面色苍白。,But this washwom
14、an, small and thin as she was, possessed a strength that came from generations of peasant forebears. 然而这个洗衣妇，虽然又瘦又小，却具有世代当庄稼汉的祖辈所传下来的一股力气。本句中，在连词as引导的让步状语从句中出现倒装，句中表语small and thin放置在as之前，相当于though /although she was small and thin。应用：尽管长得又高大又强壮，他却害怕艰苦的工作。Big and strong as he is, he is afraid of hard
15、 work.,难句解析,3.She was a real find.We were lucky to have found such an unusually good washwoman. find n. someone or sth. good or valuable that is found e.g. This rare edition of book was a great find I made in an old bookstore. 这是我在一家就书店淘来的一本珍贵的孤 本。,4.Only God knows -Its impossible to say e.g. God kn
16、ows where they have gone! 谁也不知道他们去哪儿了！ The rain will stop God knows when. 雨不知道什么时候才会停。,活学活用,The old woman had no running water where she lived but had to bring in the water from a pump. 老妇人住的地方没有自来水，得用水泵把水抽上来。本句中where引导地点状语从句。你去哪里，我也去哪里。I will go where you go.,难句解析,She could have begged at the churc
17、h door or entered a home for the penniless and aged. 她本可以在教堂门口行乞，或是进贫民、老人收容所。本句中could have done是虚拟语气，解释为“本可以”，表示与过去事实相反的假设，本来可以怎么做，但事实上并没有这样做。,难句解析,5.be blessed with- be lucky enough to have e.g. 1. Ive always been blessed with a good appetite.我的胃口一向很好。 2. He is blessed with a good ear for languages
18、; he speaks the three fluently.他对语言很敏感，能流利地说三门语言。,But there was in her a certain pride and love of labor （with which many members of the labor force have been blessed）. 然而在她身上，具有一份（许多劳动人民所特有的对）劳动的自豪与热爱。本句中由于主语a certain pride and love of labor with which many members of the labor force have been bles
19、sed中含有一个较长的定语从句，所以介词短语in her前置。,难句解析,6. a good/great deal of: a large amount of 大量这件事花费了他大量的时间和精力。It took him a great deal of time and effort.,活学活用,These hands spoke of the stubbornness of mankind, of the will to work not only as ones strength permits but beyond the limits of ones power. 这双手诉说着人类的顽强
20、，诉说着劳动的意志不仅在体力允许的情况下，甚至在超出体力极限的情况下顽强坚持的那份劳动意志。本句中短语动词speak of有两个宾语 the stubbornness of mankind 和 the will to work。,难句解析,7.at (the) most - not more than , if not less e.g. There was only room for one more person at most in the boat. 那男孩看上去最多9岁。The boy looked nine at the very most.,活学活用,8.hear of - ha
21、ve some knowledge of e.g. I had never heard of Singer until he won the Nobel Prize in 1991. I gave the taxi -driver the name of the street where the hotel was located , but he said he had never heard of it.我告诉出租车司机酒店所在的街道名字，可他说从未听说过。,活学活用,9. collapse 1) fall down suddenly e.g. The wall collapsed whe
22、n a group of children were playing next to it . 当一群孩子在枪旁边玩耍时，它突然倒塌了。 2) fail suddenly and completely e.g. Many banks collapsed due to the International Financial crisis . 很多银行因为国际金融危机而倒闭。3) fall down because of weakness , illness, tiredness , etc. e.g. The elderly lady collapsed into her chair.老太太因病
23、从椅子上摔倒在地上。,10.mourn v. (for, over) feel very sad or show ones sorrow (because of sb.s death, the end of sth., etc.) (尤指对某人的亡故)感到悲痛；哀悼They mourned (for) their children killed in the war.他们为在战争中被杀害的孩子们哀悼。,活学活用, the door opened and a small puff of steam, followed by a huge bundle, entered. 这时门开了，飘入一小团汽
24、雾，随后进来的则是个硕大的包袱。本句中，插入的分词短语followed by a huge bundle作状语。,难句解析,Under the bundle tottered the old woman, her face as white as a linen sheet. 包袱底下，正是那位步履踉跄的老妇人，她的脸像亚麻被单一样苍白。本句中,介词短语Under the bundle置于句首，主语是名词the old woman，句子主谓倒置，全部倒装。At the top of the hill stands an old temple.山顶上有一座古庙。短语her face as whi
25、te as a linen sheet是一个独立成分，作状语。,难句解析,Mother uttered a half-choked cry, as though a corpse had entered the room. 母亲发出一声近乎哽咽的叫喊，仿佛是具死尸走进屋里来了。连词as though或as if引导的状语从句用虚拟语气，表示“仿佛，好像”。Mr. Green looked horrified, as if he had seen a ghost.,格林先生神色恐惧,像是看到鬼似的。,难句解析,11. God forbid - may it never happen (expre
26、ssing the hope that something will not happen)The expression is used alone as an answer to a question , a suggestion, etcI hope we dont have any trouble with the car God forbid !我希望车不会有事但愿！,12. What good /Whats the good of - What is the use or purpose of (something or doing something ) e.g. What goo
27、d will it do to fuss over such a small thing ?对这么一件小事如此在意有何意义呢？ 何必再做一次，重复同样的错误呢？,翻译,Whats the good of doing it again and making the same mistakes ?,13. crossed herself - made a hand movement down and across herself as a religious act 文化小贴士：笃信基督教的西方人在祈祷时会抬首望天，喃喃自语，并在胸前划十字。,千万注意此句的翻译，不要闹笑话呵！,14. drive
28、 - v. push with force ;motivate e.g. The play Othello is about how a man driven by suspicion and jealousy kills his innocent wife. 奥赛罗讲的是一个男人是如何被怀疑和嫉妒驱使而杀死无辜的妻子。 He was driven to steal by extreme hunger.极度的饥饿驱使他去偷东西。,翻译,Vocabulary Structure Translation,Exercise,Fill in the blanks with the words give
29、n below. Change the forms where necessary.,Text A Exercises -5,absence accumulate beg charge declare faithfullyforbid mourn narrow penniless steal unload,1. In those day, the state law the teaching of evolution(进化论) to the public.2. My mother never stopped for my sister Frances, who died when she wa
30、s four.3. Lawyers such high fees, but they never seem short of clients(委托人).4. Over a period of years, the drug will in the body and eventually damage the nervous system.5. He said he wouldnt give me the money unless I got down on my knees and him.6. Doctors that Maxwell was not murdered(谋杀) but die
31、d of natural causes.,declared,_,mourning,_,forbade,accumulate,_,charge,_,begged,_,_,Vocabulary,Text A Exercises_5-1,The road was too for me to overtake(超过) the car in front.He had gone from being a student to becoming a millionaire(百万富翁).Pauls job was mainly boxes from the truck and stacking (堆放) th
32、em.She came home to find shed had her TV and video .Poverty and the of hope are the real causes of her suicide.Having served the family for 40 years, he was respected and taken good care of by all the family members.,7.,8.,9.,10.,11.,12.,stolen,_,narrow,_,penniless,_,unloading,_,absence,_,faithfully
33、,_,Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary.,Text A Exercises_6,a good deal of at (the) most be blessed with both andcount out hear of lean on speak ofstand on ones feet with the help of,To be a successful manager you must spend your time on employee rela
34、tions.The bullet marks on the wall the fierce（激烈的） fighting that took place here.He was the bridge, watching the boats go by.He fell down but again in a second.,1.,2.,3.,4.,stood on his feet,_,speak of,_,a good deal of,_,leaning on,_,Text A Exercises_6_2,The auto repairman estimated that the repairs
35、 to my car would cost $150 . She is well known for her kindness for her understanding.He to me ten $5 notes instead of one $50 note.She made rapid progress in her studies the computer.They started out crossing the Sahara(撒哈拉沙漠) in a jeep, and have not been since. Prof. Wilson works seven days a week
36、 and six of them until midnight. He seems to great energy.,5.,6.,7.,8.,9.,10.,at the most,_,both and,_ _,counted out,_,with the help of,_,be blessed with,_,heard of,_,Rewrite the following sentences according to the model, using “as.”,Text A Exercises _7,Model:,Although she was small and thin, she p
37、ossessed a strength that came from generations of peasant forebears.Small and thin as she was, she possessed a strength that came from generations of peasant forebears.,1. Although it is extremely hot, the workers are still working in the factory.,Extremely hot as it is, the workers are still workin
38、g in the factory.,Although she was ill, she continued to carry out her duties.,2.,Ill as she was, she continued to carry out her duties.,_,_,Structure,Text A Exercises _7_1,Though she was very young, she was already a highly successful businesswoman.,He is big and strong, but he trembles at the sigh
39、t of a snake.,4.,Big and strong as he is, he trembles at the sight of a snake.,_,Young as she was, she was already a highly successful businesswoman.,_,3.,We were very excited at the news, but tried to keep ourselves calm.,5.,Excited as we were at the news, we tried to keep ourselves calm.,_,6.,Alth
40、ough it was freezing cold, Father went out hunting with his dog.,Freezing cold as it was, Father went out hunting with his dog.,_,Study the following example and then complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English, using “as soon as.”,Text A Exercises8,Model:,As
41、 soon as she was able to stand on her feet once more, she resumed her washing. (她一能站起来), she knew there was something wrong. (她一走进房间)I came over to you . (我一听到这个消息),2.,1.,As soon as she entered the room,as soon as I heard the news,_,_,I will pay you back, I promise, . (我一找到工作),Mary knew he wasnt Ame
42、rican . (他一开始说话), Stephen returned to work. (一感到身体好一些了),As soon as he felt better,Text A Exercises8_1,He got married . (他大学一毕业),4.,3.,as soon as I find a job,6.,5.,as soon as he began to speak,as soon as he graduated from university,_,_,_,_,During my second month of nursing school, our professor gav
43、e us a pop quiz(突击测验). I was a conscientious(认真的) student and (1) breezed through(很快地做完) the questions, (2) I read the last one: “What is the first name of the woman (3) cleans the school?” Surely this was some (4) of joke. I had seen the cleaning woman (5) times. She was tall, dark-haired and in he
44、r 50s, but (6) would I know her name? I handed (7) my paper, leaving the last question (8) . Before class ended, one student asked (9) the last question would count toward our quiz (10) . “Absolutely,” said the professor. “In your (11) you will meet many people. All are significant. They (12) your a
45、ttention and care, even if all you (13) is smile and say Hello.” Ive never (14) that lesson. I also learned the cleaning womans (15) was Dorothy.,Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word.,grade,_,had,_,kind,_,who,_,until,_,Text A Exercises9,Cloze,several/many,_,how,_,in,_,blank/
46、unanswered,_,if,_,careers,_,deserve,_,name,_,do,_,forgotten,_,Text A Exercises10,Translate the following sentences into English.,1. 在坚强意志的驱动下，他终于完成了他所承担的任务。,Driven by a strong will, he eventually fulfilled the task he had undertaken.,他许诺一到那儿就给我写信，但至今仍杳无音信。,2.,He promised to write to me as soon as he
47、 got there, but nothing has been heard of him so far.,3.老板从来没有对任何员工如此满意过，这个年轻人确实是个难得的人才。,The boss has never been so pleased with any employee before. The young man is a real find.,_,_,_,Translation,Text A Exercises10_1,在医生和护士的帮助下，病人再一次站了起来，不久便重新开始工作。,With the help of the doctors and nurses, the pati
48、ent was able to stand on his feet once more and soon resumed working.,老人那张布满皱纹的脸表明了他一辈子所忍受的苦难。,5.,The old mans wrinkled face spoke of the hardships he had endured in his life.,6. 当她身体恢复了一些，她就倚在窗口，望着孩子们在草地上玩耍。,When she recovered somewhat, she leaned on the window watching the children play on the law
49、n.,_,_,_,4.,PW11,Practical Writing 备忘录,Write a memo using the information given below.写一份备忘录给你的全体办公室同事，备忘录的大致内容是请大家出席星期五晚上欢迎李红女士的聚会。李红女士从下月起到我们销售部工作，接替马小丁先生的职务，担任黄海先生的助手。李红女士已在我们公司工作三年，以前一直在人事部工作，可能我们对她不太熟悉，希望这次聚会能增加互相了解。,Suggested Answer:,To: From: Date: Subject:,PW12,Department Staff,_,A Party for Miss Li Hong,July 5, 2005,Wang Dawei,_,_,_,Suggested Answer:,21世纪大学实用英语,Thank You!,
