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1、Unit5,learning about language,-discovering useful structures,The ing form as the Adverbial动词-ing 作状语,V-ing 作状语时表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语表示的动作或状态同时或几乎同时发生的，或是先于谓语动词发生，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。V-ing 作状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步、结果，多用逗号跟句子其他成分隔开。I was feeling tired,I went to bed early.I worked hard all day.I went to bed ear
2、ly.,Feeling tired,I went to bed early.,Having worked hard all day,I went to bed early.,作时间状语 Walking along the street,I met Mary.(=While I was walking along the street,)Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.作原因状语 Being tired,I stopped to take a rest.(=Because I was tired,)Not knowing her address
3、,we couldnt get in touch with her.由于不知道她的地址，我们无法和她联系。,听到这个消息时，他们都高兴地跳了起来。,作条件状语 Turning to the left,you will find the school.(=If you turn the left,)If you work hard,youll succeed.=Working hard,youll succeed.作让步状语 1.Working hard as he did,he was still unable to support the whole family.2.Knowing whe
4、re I live,he never comes to see me.=Though he knows where I live,he never comes to see me.,作伴随状语 1.I stood there,waiting for her.(=,and waited for her.)2.Following Mike,they started to climb.3.The children laughed and talked merrily,and they ran out of the room.The children ran out of the room,laugh
5、ing and talking merrily.那些孩子们跑出房间，愉快地笑着、说着。,如果V-ing 表示的动作发生在句子谓语之前，则要用V-ing 的完成式，即是：Having+P.P(过去分词),主语+谓语1.After she had finished her work,she went home.2.As we have invited him here to speak,wed better go to his lecture.,V-ing 形式的完成式,Having finish her work,she went home.,Having invited him here to
6、 speak,wed better go to his lecture.,Exercises,1._ the championship,he was awarded a million dollars.A.Won B.Winning C.Having won D.Being won2._ only book knowledge,you will not be able to work well.A.Had B.Have C.Having D.To have 3.I saw a lot of children playing in the garden most of them _ girls.
7、A.are B.being C.were D.having,4.The old man could not sleep at night,his wrongs _ him no peace.A.gave B.give C.being giving D.giving5.The decision _,what is to be done now is how to carry it out.A.made B.has been made C.having being made D.being made6._ in the queen for half an hour,I suddenly reali
8、zed that I had left my wallet at home.A.To wait B.Waiting C.Having waited D.To have waited,7.“We cant go out in this winter,”said Ted,_ out of the window.A.looking B.to look C.looked D.having looked8.Finding her car stolen,_.A.a police was asked to help B.the area was searched thoroughly C.it was lo
9、oked for everywhere D.she hurried to a police for help9._ a reply,he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received,10._ the room,I found the recorder stolen.A.Entering B.To enter C.Enters D.Entered11.“What on earth have you done?”mother said _ to
10、the broken vase on the ground.A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing12._ by car,we visited many places.A.Travel B.Traveling C.To travel D.Having travelled,practice,“You cant catch me!”Janet shouted,_ away.A.run B.running C.to run D.ran,B,解析：答案B。running away在此
11、作shouted的伴随状语，由Janet发出这一动作。,2.The storm left,_ a lot of damage to this area.A.caused B.to have caused C.to cause D.having caused,D,解析：答案D。题意：暴雨过去了，只留下给这一地区造成的巨大损害。由上下文逻辑意义看，此处应表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。,3._ in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A.to wait
12、 B.have waited C.having waited D.to have waited,C,解析：答案C。此处为现在分词的完成式作时间状语，表明该动作发生在realized之前。,4._ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.A.Having suffered B.Suffered C.To suffer D.Suffered,A,解析：答案A。由already提示，分词动作发生在谓语之前，故须用分词的完成式。,5.The secretary worked all night
13、long,_ a long speech for the president.A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing,B,解析：答案B。非谓语动词充当伴随状语，与主语the secretary是主动关系，因此用v.-ing形式。,Unit5,learning about language,-discovering useful structures,The ing form as the Adverbial动词-ing 作状语,V-ing 作状语时表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语表示的动作或状态同时或几乎同时发生的，或是先于谓
14、语动词发生，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。V-ing 作状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步、结果，多用逗号跟句子其他成分隔开。,I was feeling tired,I went to bed early.I worked hard all day.I went to bed early.,Feeling tired,I went to bed early.,Having worked hard all day,I went to bed early.,1 作时间状语 Walking along the street,I met Mary.(=While I was walking
15、 along the street,)听到这个消息时，他们都高兴地跳了起来。_,they all jumped with joy.,Hearing the news,2 作原因状语 Being tired,I stopped to take a rest.(=Because I was tired,)由于不知道她的地址，我们无法和她联系。_,we couldnt get in touch with her.,Not knowing her address,3 作条件状语 Turning to the left,you will find the school.(=If you turn the
16、 left,)If you work hard,youll succeed.,=Working hard,youll succeed.,4 作让步状语 1.Knowing where I live,he never comes to see me.=Though he knows where I live,he never comes to see me.,5 作伴随状语 1.I stood there,waiting for her.(=,and waited for her.)2.Following Mike,they started to climb.,3.The children la
17、ughed and talked merrily,and they ran out of the room.那些孩子们跑出房间，愉快地笑着、说着。The children ran out of the room,_and _ merrily.,laughing,talking,6 作结果状语。如：His father died,leaving him a lot of money.她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground,breaking it into pieces.,如果V-ing
18、 表示的动作发生在句子谓语之前，则要用V-ing 的完成式，即是：Having+P.P(过去分词),主语+谓语,V-ing 形式的完成式,1.After she had finished her work,she went home.2.As we have invited him here to speak,wed better go to his lecture.,Having finish her work,she went home.,Having invited him here to speak,wed better go to his lecture.,注:(1)分词作状语时，它
19、的逻辑主语与主句的主语一致。V-ing表主动或进行,-ed 表完成或被动.,_(look)out of the window,we can see a big tree._(see)from the window,a big tree can be seen.,Looking,Seen,(2)否定式not的位置(在分词的最前面加not)Not knowing her address,we could not get in touch with her.Not having received an answer,he decided to write another letter to them
20、.,(3)“with/without+n.+-ing”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：His hair became grey with the years passing.With final-exams coming,he feels very nervous.,英语中习惯接-ing分词作宾语的常见动词：避免 错过 少延期 avoid miss put off建议 完成 多练习 suggest finish practise喜欢 想象 禁不住 enjoy imagine can help承认 否定 与嫉妒 admit deny envy逃避 冒险 莫原谅 escape r
21、isk excuse忍受 保持 不介意 stand keep mind,常见的带介词to的短语，后接-ing或名词。admit to承认 contribute to捐助、贡献get down to着手做 give way to让位于keep to 坚持、遵守 lead to 导致look forward to期待 turn to 求助于 stick to坚持 be used to 习惯于 devote oneself to 献身于 be familiar to 为熟悉,一些固定的-ing分词短语，如generally speaking（一般来说）,judging from（根据来判断）,con
22、sidering（考虑到）,talking of（谈到，提到）等等,Exercises,1._ the championship,he was awarded a million dollars.A.Won B.Winning C.Having won D.Being won2._ only book knowledge,you will not be able to work well.A.Had B.Have C.Having D.To have,3.The old man could not sleep at night,his wrongs _ him no peace.A.gave
23、B.give C.being giving D.giving,4._ in the queen for half an hour,I suddenly realized that I had left my wallet at home.A.To wait B.Waiting C.Having waited D.To have waited5._ by car,we visited many places.A.Travel B.Traveling C.To travel D.Having travelled,6.Finding her car stolen,_.A.a policeman wa
24、s asked to help B.the area was searched thoroughly C.it was looked for everywhere D.she hurried to a police for help7._ a reply,he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received,8._ the room,I found the recorder stolen.A.Entering B.To enter C.Enter
25、s D.Entered9.“What on earth have you done?”mother said _ to the broken vase on the ground.A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing,practice,“You cant catch me!”Janet shouted,_ away.A.run B.running C.to run D.ran,B,running away在此作shouted的伴随状语，由Janet发出这一动作。,2.The
26、 storm left,_ a lot of damage to this area.A.caused B.to have caused C.to cause D.having caused,D,题意：暴雨过去了，只留下给这一地区造成的巨大损害。,3._ in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A.to wait B.have waited C.having waited D.to have waited,C,此处为现在分词的完成式作时间状语，表明该动作发生在realized之前。,
