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1、状语从句,What are“Adverbial Clauses”?,在主从复合句中修饰主语中的动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫做“状语从句”。分类如下：,状语从句,1.时间状语从句,2.地点状语从句,3.原因状语从句,4.条件状语从句,5.让步状语从句,6.目的状语从句,7.结果状语从句,8.方式状语从句,9.比较状语从句,1)常用连词如下：as,when,while,till/until,not until,before,since,after等。,1.时间状语从句,while,when,as辨析,While：引导的时间状语从句只指一段时间，强调某一段时间内，主从句动作同时发生。从句动词常是延续
2、性的 When：既可以指一个时间点,也可以是一段时间，可表示主从句的动作同时或先后发生。从句动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的。As：强调主句从句动作相并发生,译为”一边一边”或“随着”,1._he returned,his wife was cooking.2._he was reading,his wife was cooking.3.We talked happily_we walked along.4._ time goes by,its getting colder.,When,While,as,As,当主句是非持续性动词，从句的谓语动词是持续性动词时，when,while,as
3、可互相替换_we were still，the teacher came in.,While/when/As,laughing,另外,when/while还作并列连词,连接并列分句,while表示“而,可是”如:I like reading _my wife enjoys watching TV.when表示 突然性“就在这时”在下列结构中，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生，另一动作同时发生。1.be about to do when2.be doing when3.be on the point of doingwhen4.had done when,while,._(我们正要开始就在这时sta
4、rt)it began to rain.2._mom came in.3.I had just got home _(就开始下雨）,1.We were about to start when,我正在玩电脑游戏就在这时妈妈进来了。,I was playing computer games when,when it began to rain,till 只能用于肯定句中，until既可以用于肯定句，也可以用于否定句。e.g.I will be here till/until he comes back.I wont know where he is until I get a letter fro
5、m him.,until/till 区别,“延续的动词（肯定式）+until”表示“直到为止”1.我一直睡到闹钟响为止._.“非延续性动词（否定式）+until”表示“直到才”2.直到他完成工作才上床睡_,I slept until the clock alarmed,He didnt go to bed until he finished his work.,注意:not until 在句首时要倒装,Not until he saw it himself_（他才相信）,did he believe it.,Its/will be+一段时间 before+一般现在时 表示过了多久才Its/wi
6、ll（not)be+一段时间 before+一般现在时 表示没过多久就it s been+一段时间 since+一般过去时,before/since 用法,It will be a long time before we meet again.It will not be a long time before the China become a developed country.It 20 years since we first each other.,saw,has been,2)一些表示时间的名词词组也可引导时间状语从句。如：the moment/the minute/the sec
7、ond（一就）next time（下次）,every/each time（每次）first time，by the time(到时候)The moment he comes,I will tell him.By the time I graduate from this school,I will have been here for three years.Be sure to call me next time you come here.Every time I caught a cold I had pain in my head.,3)as soon as,immediately,d
8、irectly,instantly 等副词也可引导；表示“一就”。As soon as I reach home,I will tell him the news.I left immediately the clock struck 5,4)一些固定搭配也可引导时间状语从句 a.hardly when b.scarcely when/before c.no sooner than 都表示一就，用以引导时间状语从句。注意：当 hardly,scarcely及no sooner位于句首时,从句中的主谓要倒装。e.g.No sooner had she gone than it happened,
9、1.I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice _ I picked up the phone.while B.afterC.In case D.the minute2.How long do you think it will take _ our product becomes popular with the consumers?when B.untilC.before D.since,Exercises,3._ the day went on,the weather got worse.With B.since C.As
10、 D.While4.He was halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears.why B.where C.when D.while5.Hardly _ into the village _ it began to rain.we had got;when B.we got;thanC.had we got;when D.did we get;than,2.地点状语从句,地点状语从句用连接副词 where或wherever(在任何地方)引导。,e.g.a.Just stay where you are.b.You ca
11、n sit wherever you like.,注意：不要混同于where 引导的定语从句,与定语从句的区别：where引导定语从句，从句前有一个表示地点的名词Go back where you came from.（_）Go back to the city where you came from.（_）,状语从句,定语从句,1.Please put the book _(我能容易找到的地方find)2.Please put the medicine _(你的小孩够不着的地方reach)3.Please put the shoes _(原来的地方be),where I can find i
12、t easily,where your child cant reach it,where it was,3.原因状语从句,原因状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态所发生的原因。引导这种从句 常用的连接词是：because,since,as,for,now that 等。,1)because 语气最强，用来回答why提问，可用在强调句型中。_（是因为他生病）he didnt go with us.2)since语气比because弱，表示关系上的自然结果，一般译成“既然，鉴于”（往往放于主句之前）_,lets carry out the plan.（既然没人反对),Since no one is
13、 against it,It was because he was ill that,3)as语气最弱，只说明一般的因果关系（可放于主句之前，也可放于主句之后）Wear strong shoes _we shall do a lot of walking today.4)for也可以表示原因，不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推倒，用于表示补充说明理由。He must be ill,_he is absent today.5)now that用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推理，now that放于句首时，that可省略。_everybody is here,lets begin.,as,for
14、,Now(that),4.条件状语从句1)if,unless(=if not),so/as long as(只要),in case,on condition that,once(一旦）2)suppose/supposing/(假设，如果),providing/provided/assuming/given/saythat(如果）1.You may use the room _you clean it up afterwards.(只要long）2.I will do it _（只要你帮助我condition)3.Youll be late again_.(除非你饿了hungry),as lon
15、g as,on condition that you help me.,unless you are hungry,3)“祈使句+and/or/or else/otherwise”引导的结果句，祈使句在实际意义上相当于条件状语从句。Use you head,_(那么你就会找到一个办法）Get up now,_（否则你会迟到的）.,and you will find a way,or you will be late,1.We will be able to get there on time,_ our car doesnt break down on the road.as soon as
16、B.as far asC.as long as D.as well as2.In time of serious accidents,_ we know some basic things about first aid,we can save lives.whether B.untilC.if D.unless,5.让步状语从句,在复合句中表示让步概念的状语从句被称为让步状语从句。通常由下列词语引导：though,although,even if,even though,while,no matter who/,however，as，whetheror(无论还是)等。,1.Although
17、I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.2.Allow children the space to voice their opinions,even if they are different from yours.3.He tried his best to solve the problem,however difficult it is.4.The old tower must be saved,whatever the cost is.,No matter wh-与wh_ever 的区别No matt
18、er wh_只引导让步状语从句，此时与wh_ever 通用_,he should be invited to the party.Wh-ever又可引导名词性从句，而no matter wh_不能_will be welcome.=_will be welcome,No matter when/Whenever he comes back,Whoever can help us,Anyone who can help us,whether or 无论还是,it is true.,your idea deserves consideration.,Whether you believe it o
19、r not,Whether right or wrong,as 要倒装，句型为：形容词/副词/名词（不带冠词）/动词（原形）+主语+谓语_he knows a lot(尽管他很年轻young）._(尽管我喜欢它like）,I cant afford it._（尽管他是个农民farmer),he is well-educated._,I couldnt lift the stone.（尽管我试了try),Young as he is,Much as I Iike it,Farmer as he is,Try as I might,while,while引导的让步状语从句：while(=altho
20、ugh),它引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首，如：While you may be right,I cant altogether agree.While I admit that the problems are difficult,I dont agree that they cannot be solved,_ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.While B.since C.Before D.Unless2.The workers are determined to go through wi
21、th their railway project,_ the expenses have risen.as long as B.even thoughC.now that D.as though,3._,he knows more than other children of his age.A.However young child he isB.Child as he isC.No matter how young child isD.What a young child he is4.I really want the match,however much _.A.does it cos
22、t B.costs itC.will it cost D.it costs,5._ we have finished the course,we shall start doing more revision work.For now B.Now thatC.By now D.until,6.目的状语从句,引导目的状语从句的连词:,in order that,用于正式文体中，所引从句可于主句前或后。,so that,a.较常用，一般用于主句后,有时可分开，so 有时可省;从句中要有情态动词，否则,就成为下一种句型：,b.无情态动词则引导结果状语从句。,for fear that;in case
23、;lest(以免)等。,Ill speak slowly（以便）everybody can understand me.He wrote the name down（唯恐，以免）he would forget.,so that,for fear that(in case),7.结果状语从句,结果状语从句常位于主句之后，由so,so that,such that;so that 等引导。,e.g.a.So quickly did he run that I couldnt catch up with him.b.The bus broke down so that we had to walk
24、home.c.He got to the station finally,only to find the train had left.,8.方式状语从句,描述主句动作进行方式的状语被称为方式状语。通常用下列词语引导：as,just as,as if,as though,according to 等。,They are talking as though they were old freinds(好像他们是朋友）He refuses to do as I told him(按照我告诉他的)He refuses to do what I told him(我告诉他的),注意：as，like
25、都表示“像”，,I work as others do.I work like others.,as 是连词，后加句子 like 是介词，后加名词、代词、名词短语,9.比较状语从句,比较状语从句常由下列词语引导：as as,not so/as as,morethan,less than,the more+adj./adv,the more+adj./adv.,1.He ran_.(尽可能的远）2._you try,_you will understand.3.Life for women is _(实际两倍艰难difficult)4.A man is twice _as a woman.(可能死于皮肤癌likely)5.The factory produces _last year.(去年的两倍多汽车as),as far as he could,the better,The harder,twice as difficult as it is,as likely to die of skin cancer,twice as many cars asit did,Thank You!,
