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1、Characteristics of Terms,确切性 accuracy(概念的本质特征)单一性 monosemy（一词一译）系统性 systematization（术语在系统的层次结构中）语言正确性 linguistically correct（构词规则）简洁性 conciseness（简明易记）理据性 motivation（做到顾名思义）稳定性 stability（尽量不改动）能产性 productivity（旧术语产生新术语）,Accuracy 确切性 汉语术语“码头”对应英语术语有 wharf,quay,dock,terminal,portPCT plans to open a ne
2、w container terminal on the Ports East Wharf.A passenger terminal consists of the terminal building and the quay.港区内严禁吸烟。铁路通向各个港区。轮船缓缓驶入港区。,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Accuracy 确切性 汉语术语“码头”对应英语术语有 wharf,quay,dock,terminal,portPCT plans to open a new container terminal on the Ports
3、 East Wharf.PCT计划在该港区的东港区设置一个新的集装箱码头。A passenger terminal consists of the terminal building and the quay.客运码头由候船大楼和前沿码头组成。港区内严禁吸烟。Smoking is forbidden on the premises of the port.铁路通向各个港区。The railway line connects all the terminals of the port.轮船缓缓驶入港区。The ship streams slowly into the harbour.,Terms
4、 and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Accuracy 确切性“独立学院”Independent CollegeIndependent InstituteIndependent SchoolIndependent Sub-collegePrivate college in public universitySubordinate CollegeSecond-class CollegeJointly-run InstituteSeparated College,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of term
5、s,US But it is in the“independent”or“private”sector of higher education where diversity of educational philosophies,programs,and traditions is greatest.Some 600 smaller colleges and universities make up this sector and include many of the United States most venerable institutions.(Ekman 2005)Britain
6、 There are many different types of state school as well as independent schools.To help you make a choice for your child,this page provides some information on each type of school and their admission procedures.(Directgov),Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Monosemy 单一性(同一个概念只用同一个术语来表达。-钱
7、三强，1989)nowcasting：“现时预报”、“现场预报”、“即日预报”、“短时预报”、“临近预报”现统一翻译为“临近预报”overlandflow:(地理学)“坡面水流”、“坡面漫流”、“陆面水流”、“地面径流 现统一翻译为“坡面流”credit standing：资信状况 不能用position来代替standing 资信 不能说成 诚信standby credit：备用信用证 不能用spare来代替 standby 备用 不能说成 零用 listed company：上市公司 list在英语中解释“清单”、“记人名单”、“列于表上”金融术语：“上市的”probability：在数学
8、中定名为“概率”,而在物理学及其他学科中,为“几率”或“或然率”现在统一按其主学科数学定名为“概率”,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Monosemy 单一性 理工学院，科技大学，工业大学，工程学院香港理工学院 香港城市理工学院 香港理工大学 澳门理工学院 北京工业大学 西北工业大学 武汉工业学院 江苏工业学院,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Monosemy 单一性(同一个概念只用同一个术语来表达。-钱三强，1989)理工学院，科技大学，工业大学，工程学院香港理工学院
9、Hong Kong Polytechnic香港城市理工学院 City Polytechnic of Hong Kong 香港理工大学 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University澳门理工学院 Macao Polytechnic Institute北京工业大学 Beijing Polytechnic University 西北工业大学 Northwest Polytechnic University武汉工业学院 Wuhan Polytechnic University江苏工业学院 Jiangsu Polytechnic University深圳职业技术学院 Shenz
10、hen Polytechnic河南职业技术学院 Henan Polytechnic,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Monosemy 单一性(同一个概念只用同一个术语来表达。-钱三强，1989)理工学院，科技大学，工业大学，工程学院沈阳理工学院 Shenyang Ligong University四川理工学院 Sicuan University of Science and Engineering 南京理工大学 Nanjing University of Science and Technology 武汉理工大学 Wuhan Uni
11、versity of Technology西安理工大学 Xian University of Technology浙江工业大学 Wuhan University of Technology合肥工业大学 Hefei University of Technology,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Monosemy 单一性(同一个概念只用同一个术语来表达。-钱三强，1989)理工学院，科技大学，工业大学，工程学院中南工学院 Centual South Institute of Technology贵州工学院 Guizhou Instit
12、ute of Technology屯门工业学院 Tuen Mun Technical Institute 沙田工业学院 Sha Tin Technical Institute 葵涌工业学院 Kwai Chung Technical Institute西安职业技术学院 Xian Vocational and Technical Institute,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,术语的对义性 antonomy,对义性 antonomy词语的对义性是指词语的意义互相矛盾、互相对立或互相关联词语所表示的概念在逻辑 上是一种矛盾或关联。su
13、pplydemand 供给需求shortagesurplus 短缺盈余 wage ceilingwage floor 最高工资限额最低工资限额inflationdeflation 通货膨胀通货紧缩 assetsliabilities 资产负债bear marketbull market 熊市牛市fiscal policymonetary policy 财政政策货币政策 capital marketmoney market 资本市场货币市场spot transactionforward transaction 即期交易远期交易 preferred sharesordinary shares 优先
14、股普通股current accountcapital account 经常帐户资本帐户,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,系统性 systematization highway/expressway/freeway:高速公路 Highway公路expressway快速路freeway高速公路Transaction：deposit money，draw money，settle an accountaccept stocks，exchange foreign currency,Linguistically correct 语言的正确性
15、配料：面粉、薯粉、玉米淀粉、棕榈油、调味料、白砂糖、鲜虾粉,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Linguistically correct 语言的正确性 配料：面粉、薯粉、玉米淀粉、棕榈油、调味料、白砂糖、鲜虾粉 Ingredients:wheat flour,potato starch,corn starch,palm oil,seasonings,sugar,shrimp powder.,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Linguistically correct 语言
16、的正确性 语义分析 semantic analysis(无动词合成词9种语义关系)1.N1制造/产生N2（区别同一核心词的不同概念）Steel band 带钢Rubber band 橡皮筋Iron bar 铸铁型材 Oil film 油膜Saw dust 锯末屑,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Linguistically correct 语言的正确性 语义分析 semantic analysis(无动词合成词9种语义关系)2.N2制造/产生N1（区别同一核心词的不同概念）Steel mill 轧钢厂Paper mill 造纸厂Ru
17、bber tree 橡胶树Tear gas 催泪瓦斯,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Linguistically correct 语言的正确性 语义分析 semantic analysis(无动词合成词9种语义关系)3.N1驱动N2（限定词是核心词动力来源）Air drill 风钻Battery car 电池汽车Oil control 油压控制器Spring governor 弹簧调速器,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Linguistically correct 语言
18、的正确性 语义分析 semantic analysis(无动词合成词9种语义关系)4.N1含N2(限定词包含核心词)Bed post 床架Motor drive 电机驱动装置Oscillator plate 振荡片Table leg 桌子脚,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Linguistically correct 语言的正确性 语义分析 semantic analysis(无动词合成词9种语义关系)5.N1是N2(限定词是核心词的子类)Tape measure 卷尺Blinker light 闪光灯Resistor elemen
19、t 电阻元件Chock therapy 电疗Fighter bomber 战斗轰炸机Speed ratio 速率,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Linguistically correct 语言的正确性 语义分析 semantic analysis(无动词合成词9种语义关系)6.N1用N2(限定词规定核心词的用途)Block switch 闭塞开关Office time 办公时间Safty valve 安全阀Oil way 油路Computer language 计算机语言,Terms and Terminology:Charac
20、teristics of terms,Linguistically correct 语言的正确性 语义分析 semantic analysis(无动词合成词9种语义关系)7.N1变成N2(限定词与核心词不可分割)Snowflake 雪花Code word 电码字Dustheap 垃圾堆,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Linguistically correct 语言的正确性 语义分析 semantic analysis(无动词合成词9种语义关系)8.Adj.+N1=N2(限定词限定核心词没有的属性)Dark room 暗室Fixe
21、d point 定点Semi-finished product 半成品Square coil 矩形线圈Floating point 浮点,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Linguistically correct 语言的正确性 语义分析 semantic analysis(无动词合成词9种语义关系)9.N2像N1(限定词把核心词与其他物体做比拟)Butterfly nut 蝶形螺母Butterfly valve 蝶形阀Catifish 鲶鱼U-steel 槽钢V-belt 三角皮带,Terms and Terminology:Ch
22、aracteristics of terms,Conciseness 简洁性 radio detection and ranging 无线电探测与定位 radar 音译为 雷达 long range and tactical navigation system 远程战术导航系统 LORTAN 音译定名为 罗坦系统 Compact Dosc Read-Only Memory 只读光盘存储器 CD-ROM:只读光盘 Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy 牛海绵状脑病疯牛病 Beginner All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code 初学
23、者通用符号BASIC语言,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Conciseness 简洁性 Within the subsequent years,hundreds of clones from half a dozen of species have been born from this remarkable assisted reproductive technique.此后几年中，数以百计的克隆动物都是通过该项神奇的人工生殖技术繁殖出来的。,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of te
24、rms,Conciseness 简洁性 Within the subsequent years,hundreds of clones from half a dozen of species have been born from this remarkable assisted reproductive technique.此后几年中，数以百计的克隆动物都是通过该项神奇的助育技术繁殖出来的。,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Motivation 理据性（顾名思义）Alzheimers disease:阿尔茨海默病 VS 老年痴呆症
25、 Kaschin-Beck disease:卡欣-贝克 VS 大骨节病,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Motivation 理据性 The Red Cross has begun major cloning project relating to the production of transgenic pigs for organ donors.红十字会已经开始一项重大的克隆工程，该工程与培育用于器官捐献的转基因猪有关。,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Motivat
26、ion 理据性 The Red Cross has begun major cloning project relating to the production of transgenic pigs for organ donors.红十字会已经开始一项重大的克隆工程，该工程与培育用于器官供体的转基因猪有关。,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Stability 稳定性（国际六大检索系统要求信息技术标引标准化）atom:原子物质最小的不能分割的单元，后证明atom也可以分割，术语依旧。robot：“机器人”不准确,其本质不是“人”而是
27、“机器”,应译为“拟人机”或“智能机”科技名词还是应该向科学性靠拢,这是一个基本原则。遇约定俗成,可在定名时采取变通，旧术语向新术语过渡。menu：计算机术语已约定俗成为“菜单”,但“选单”更为科学。公布规范术语时,确定为“选单”,“菜单”不推荐使用 等到社会承认“选单”后,再废止“菜单”的使用。,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Stability 稳定性 Lack of fusion also called incomplete fusion,is the result of failure to properly fuse th
28、e base metal with the filler metal.Although all petroleum is composed of number of hydrocarbons,they are present in varying proportion in each deposit and the properties of each deposit have to be evaluated.,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Stability 稳定性 Lack of fusion also called inco
29、mplete fusion,is the result of failure to properly fuse the base metal with the filler metal.缺少熔合也称不完全熔合，是基础金属与填充金属没有适当地熔合的结果。Although all petroleum is composed of number of hydrocarbons,they are present in varying proportion in each deposit and the properties of each deposit have to be evaluated.虽然
30、石油主要由各种碳氢化合物组成，但是这些碳氢化合物以不同的比例存在于各矿床中，因此必须对个矿床的特点做出评价。,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Stability 稳定性 Lack of fusion also called incomplete fusion,is the result of failure to properly fuse the base metal with the filler metal.未熔合也称不完全熔合，是基础金属与填充金属没有适当地熔合的结果。Although all petroleum is co
31、mposed of number of hydrocarbons,they are present in varying proportion in each deposit and the properties of each deposit have to be evaluated.虽然石油主要由各种碳氢化合物组成，但是这些碳氢化合物以不同的比例存在于各油层中，因此必须对个油层的特点做出评价。,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,Terms and Terminology:Characteristics of terms,produ
32、ctivity能产性（旧术语产生新术语）gene 基因 gene map 基因图谱 genome 基因组 genetic 基因的 genetics 基因学 conveyor 传送装置 conveyor belt 传送带 sensor 传感器 strain sensor 应变式传感器 virtual reality 虚拟实境 virtual instrument 虚拟仪器,科学术语的翻译原则,概念准确语义对等经济原则,科学术语的翻译原则：概念准确,Velocity changes if either the speed or the direction changes.We hereby req
33、uest you to issue a Letter of Guarantee as bid bond in accordance with the column shown below.The corporate charter authorizes the corporation to issue and all sell shares of stock,or transfer the ownership,to enable the corporation to raise money.,科学术语的翻译原则：概念准确,Velocity changes if either the speed
34、 or the direction changes.如果（物体运动的）速率和方向有一个发生变化，则（物体运动的）运动速度也随之发生变化。We hereby request you to issue a Letter of Guarantee as bid bond in accordance with the column shown below.尽管“bond”有“票据”、“债 券”之意,和bid连在一起意为投标保单.译：我们要求按照下面所示项目开一份保函作为投标保单。The corporate charter authorizes the corporation to issue and
35、sell shares of stock,or transfer the ownership,to enable the corporation to raise money.这里的“corporate charter”是“公司章程”，而不是“营业执照”。译：公司章程授权公司发行和销售股票，转让公司所有权，以便为公司筹措资金。,科学术语的翻译原则,语义对等 semantic equivalence,科学术语的翻译原则：经济原则,Consumer Price Index:CPI 消费者价格指数Gross Domestic Product:GDP 一个国家或地区在一定时期内生产的全部商品和服务总价
36、值China Central Television:CCTV 中国中央电视台World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织高考状元 Number One Scholar in college entrance examinations the highest-ranking student in entrance examinations for colleges and universities the best candidate for college entrance examinations,科学术语的翻译原则：经济原则,Consumer Price Index:CP
37、I 物价指数Gross Domestic Product:GDP 国产指数？China Central Television:CCTV 央视World Trade Organization：WTO 世贸组织高考状元:the best examinee in Gaokao a champion examinee in Gaokao US$=US Dollar 美元 CAN$=Canadian Dollar 加拿大元 EPS=earnings per share 每股收益 FDI=foreign direct investment 外国直接投资 VAT=value added tax 增值税 TS
38、E：Tokyo Stock Exchange,科学术语的翻译原则：经济原则,It is forbidden to dismantle it without permission so as to avoid any damage to its parts.All living things must,by reason of physiological limitation,die.A typical foliage leaf（营养叶）of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons（双叶子植物）is composed of two principal part
39、s:blade and petiole.,科学术语的翻译原则：经济原则,It is forbidden to dismantle it without permission so as to avoid any damage to its parts.严禁乱拆，以免损坏该设备的零件。All living things must,by reason of physiological limitation,die.由于生理上的局限，一切生物总是要死亡的。A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts:blade and petiole.双叶子植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。,
