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1、初中定语从句讲解,A matching game！,Match the two sentences1.Im reading a book.The book is about Bill Gates._2.He is a teacher.The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man.He is smoking._4.Where is the picture?You bought it last week._,Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.,He is a teache
2、r who/that teaches us Chinese.,I dont like the man who is smoking.,Where is the picture that you bought last week?,I like quiet music.,I like music that is quiet.,定语从句,1.什么是定语从句？2.什么是先行词？3.什么是关系代词和关系副词？如何确定？4.如何把两个句子合并为一个定语从句？,Think about it,在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句,定语从句,先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行
3、词后面。,关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为 关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose)和 关系副词（when,where,why)。关系代词在从 句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，关系副词 在句中作状语。,I like music that/which I can dance to.,先行词,关系代词,定语从句,I like the singer who is beautiful.,I like the movie that is funny.,找一找,I still remember the first time when I met her.,I have
4、an apple.,An apple is red.,I have an apple,that is red.,修饰先行词 an apple,I have some friends.,Some friends like sports.,I have some friends,who like sports.,修饰先行词 friends,I like the movie.The movie is exciting.,I like the movie that is exciting.,that 修饰先行词movie,The woman who lives next door is a teach
5、er.,The woman is a teacher.,The woman lives next door.,who修饰先行词woman,关系词,关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词:when,where,why,关系代词：指物：that which 指人：who(主/宾格)that whom（宾格）,关系代词that,which引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系代词应用that、which.(作主语或宾语),This is a dream.The dream will never come true.,This is a dream whic
6、h/that will never come true.,The dog has been found.The dog was lost.,The dog which was lost has been found.,Practise:This is the house which is for sale.2.The book which is lying on the floor is mine.,which/that 作主语.(不能省),（作主语）,which/that 作宾语：（可省略）,This is the card.Ive just received the card.,This
7、is the card which/that Ive just received.,Practise:This is the mistake which/that I always make.I still keep the letters which she wrote to me.I lost the pen which my father bought me.,(),（作宾语）,关系代词who,that,whom引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who,that(作主语或宾语)whom(作宾语),who/that 作主语.(不能省),This is the fi
8、lm star.The film star is very popular in China.,This is the film star who is very popular in China.(作主语),The boy who broke the window is called Roy.Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting yesterday?The girl who is watering the flowers is my cousin.,/that,who/whom/that 作宾语：(可省略),The man is a fam
9、ous writer.He described the man just now.,The man(who/whom/that)he described just now is a famous writer.(作宾语）,The boy who(m)I m looking for is my friend.The thief has been sent to prison.The police caught the thief last night.,The thief whom the police caught last night has been sent to prison.,小结：
10、that 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。which指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.,who 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）,注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。,有时只能用 that,不用 which,常见的情况有六种：,当先行词是 all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,no one 或被它们修饰时。Thats all that I know.Is there anything t
11、hat I can do for you?He answered few questions that the teacher asked.2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.,The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.3.当先行词有the very,the only,the same等修饰时。Thats the only thing that I can do now.These are the very
12、 words that he used.4.当主句以 who 或 which开头时，定语从句的关系词用 that,而不用 which 或 who.Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?Which is the pen that you lost?,5.先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.,whose 作定语,表示所属关系。,The boy is my classmate.The boys father is a p
13、oliceman.,The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.,A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan(孤儿).A.who B.whose C.whos D.which,关系代词只能用which 的情况,1.关系代词前有介词时，引导词用which This is the house in which Lu Xun lived,2.先行词本身是that 时，引导词用which.The clock is that which tells the time,3.一个句子中有两个定语从句
14、时，为了避免重复，一个用that，另一个用which,This is the monkey that escaps from the zoo which is new.,注意：关系代词做定语从句的主语时，从句中的谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。,I like music that is gentle,I like singers who write their own lyrics.,例句赏析,Its an invention which/that is used for keeping off the rain.,飘,Its a book that/which was written
15、by Margaret Mitchell.,Gone with the wind,Its the Wall that/which was built by Chinese people.,Its an animal that/which.,Its an animal that/which has big nose.,Exercise 1:用关系代词填空,The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.I hate people _ talk m
16、uch but do little.The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.,who/that,which/that,who/that,which/that,5.The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6.Is there a student _ father is a business man?7.This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and thin
17、gs _ you talked about just now.,whose,whose,which,that,当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.,Exercise 2.,My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember.Say all _ you know.Is there anything _ I can do for you?,that,that,that,当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all 等词时，关系代词
18、只能用that.,4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5.This is the best novel _ I have read.,that,that,当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.,6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7.Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.,当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.,that,that,谢谢观赏,
