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1、通过对比比较巧解托福阅读推理题 考生如果对所考*的学科词汇一窍不通，*读起来必定是云里雾里难以继续，因此适当掌握一些学科词汇会使我们更有效备考。下面就和大家分享通过对比比较巧解托福阅读推理题,希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。通过对比比较巧解托福阅读推理题第一，“强烈暗示”，即原文中给定的信息与正确答案的信息紧密相连，而并不会出现需要太多太大脑洞的地方。首先就是我们要认真阅读题目中限定的段落(基本上会以某一段为主，而且题目明显给出“According to Paragraph 1”这样的字样)，并在脑海里迅速生成段落的结构逻辑，即哪句是主旨(Topic Sentence)，哪句是细节(Deta
2、ils)，哪句是证据(Evidence)，有没有分论点(Minor Ideas)等。并在此基础上，将*内容与各个选项中的信息匹配。而“匹配”也很重要，如果*内没涉及相关信息的，得推个五重六重才能得出的答案必然不会是我们的正确答案。而且这是ETS常常挖的一个坑，就看你愿不愿意一往无前地跳进去了。所以划重点：托福中的推理题最多只要往前推一步就足够了，要时刻牢记得托福只是一个语言类考试。第二，“未明确表述”，即正确选项应该 是*中没有明确给出我们完全一样的表述，但理论上应该是正确的内容。这就有一个迷思了。很多刷题不够多的同学会想当然地以为推理题必然要往前推那么一大步，类似细节题正确选项的内容(即同义
3、改写)就常常放弃了。而如果你做过超过十套官方真题Official并认真分析你遇到的所有推理题，你就会发现，当出题者想降低出题难度的时候，把推理题的正确答案设置为paraphrase原文某个内容的选项就是一个很普遍的选择。因而，推理题并不会因为“没有推理”而排除任何选项。相反，恭喜你，你只是遇到了一道难度略低的推理题。Contrast(或是Comparison)的地方是ETS钟爱的出推理题的地方。其实，某种程度上而言，这就是让我们去学习一种很好的思考方式，或者是逻辑论证方式。笔者相信，你的写作老师一定会跟你讲过，有的写作题目的个别论点的处理是可以通过对比来实现的。如果你之前是在国内读高中，而且不
4、是国际学校，那么你的确有可能对这种逻辑思维方式觉得似乎没有那么熟悉。非也，非也。现在让我们来回顾一个场景。场景回顾：如果你是一个理科生(或者有化学、生物课的文科生)，回想一下你的化学和生物课上做的实验，老师有没有做过这样的对比试验：实验1：现在我们开始实验演示。溶液A和溶液B放入相同的溶液，两个溶液都是透明无色的，没有气泡。现在我们将一块白色无味放入溶液A中，观察实验现象。我们发现，与B溶液对照，A溶液中开始慢慢出现的气泡。实验2：现在我们开始实验演示。溶液A和溶液B放入相同的溶液，两个溶液都是透明无色的，没有气泡。现在我们将一块白色无味放入溶液A中，观察实验现象。我们发现，与B溶液对照，A溶
5、液中开始慢慢变成红色。我们再画个表格看一下。initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial; height=20 valign=top width=200溶液A溶液B实验前无色无味无色无味实验1出现气泡实验2变成红色如果这是在化学课，且AB溶液是对比实验，我们会在上面表格的空白处填出什么内容?实验1：没有出现气泡;实验2：没有变成红色。对吗。好了，如果你能填出上面的正确内容，说明你已经掌握了一种行之有效的托福阅读推理题的解题思路!什么，你不相信?请看题目(官方真题Official)：Paragraph 1: It should
6、 be obvious that cetaceanswhales, porpoises, and dolphinsare mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke1 and blowhole2 cannot disguise their affinities with land dwelling mammal
7、s. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap be
8、tween a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.There
9、 were great numbers of them.They lived in the sea only.They did not leave many fossil remains.猜一下正确答案是什么?没有错，答案就是A。为什么呢?请注意原文中说“However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds(seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and atsea), it is not easy to envision what th
10、e first whales looked like.”重点信息是“unlike thecases of sea otters., it is not easy to envision.whale.”，“不像sea otter的情况，对于鲸鱼而言，是很难想象最初的鲸鱼是什么样子的。不够清晰?我们再来画一个表格。casesseaotterwhaleenvisionnoteasy有没有发觉很熟悉!是不是跟刚刚的化学实验一模一样!所以请告诉我，空白处应该填什么?“easy”，对吗?好的，这时候我们再来看一下选项A说了什么?“It is not difficult to imagine what th
11、ey looked like.”“not difficult”是不是就等同于我们填入的“easy”!所以这么一道绕来绕去的题目我们就搞定啦。正确答案就是A选项。有没有发觉get到了一个很高大上的技能!托福阅读长难句：大量物种灭绝The possibility that mass extinctions may recur periodically has given rise to such hypotheses as that of a companion star with a long-period orbit deflecting other bodies from their nor
12、mal orbits, making some of them fall to Earth asmeteors and causing widespread devastation upon impact. (TPO15, 46)recur /r?k?/ v. 再发生，复发periodically adv.定期地，周期性发生地hypothesis /ha?p?s?s/ n. 假说，假设deflect /d?fl?kt/ v. (使某物)运动转向;使某人改变原来的计划meteor /mi?t?/ n. 流星devastation /?dev?ste?n/ n. 毁坏，荒废impact /?mp?
13、kt/ n. 撞击，冲击;影响such sth as/that.：(像後面提及的)那样的, 这样的我是分界线，大家先测试一遍速读是否理解The possibility (that mass extinctions may recur periodically) has given rise to such hypotheses as that (of a companion star)(with a long-period orbit) (deflecting other bodies from their normal orbits), (making some of them fall t
14、o Earth as meteors) and (causing widespread devastation upon impact). (TPO15, 46)分析：这个句子的主干很简单：The possibility has given rise to such hypotheses注意这里的such sth as/that.：(像後面提及的)那样的, 这样的例如：Such a disaster as her car being stolen had never happened before.Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic p
15、oetry.修饰一：(that mass extinctions may recur periodically)，从句，解释possibility中文：大量物种灭绝可能会周期性发生修饰二：(of a companion star) ，介词短语中文：一颗伴星修饰三：(with a long-period orbit) ，介词短语中文：有长周期轨道修饰四：(deflecting other bodies from their normal orbits)，非谓语动词中文：使其它天体偏离正常轨道修饰五：(making some of them fall to Earthas meteors)，非谓语
16、动词中文：使一些天体作为流星落入地球修饰六：(causing widespread devastationupon impact)，非谓语动词中文：在撞击时造成大范围破坏参考翻译：大量物种灭绝可能会周期性发生的可能性引起了像这样一个假说：一颗有长周期的伴星使其它天体偏离正常轨道，使一些天体作为流星落入地球，并在撞击时造成大范围破坏。这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句、非谓语动词、介词短语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。托福阅读长难句：欧洲贸易The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fis
17、heries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships:eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials (sugar, toba
18、cco, chocolate, grain, andeventually oil). (TPO18, 59)mercantile /m?k(?)nta?l/ adj. 贸易的，商业的exceptional /?ks?p?nl/ adj. 异常的，杰出的，突出的我是分界线，大家先一遍速读看是否理解The people of the Netherlands, (with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping),had difficulty (in developing good harbors suitable for stea
19、mships): eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, (with exceptional results) (for transit trade with Germanyand central Europe) and (for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and rawmaterials) (sugar,tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil). (TPO18, 59)分析：修饰一：(with a long tradition o
20、f fisheries and mercantile shipping) ，介词短语，修饰The people of the Netherlands中文：有着长期渔业和商业海运传统修饰二：(in developing good harbors suitable for steamships) ，介词短语中文：在发展适合蒸汽船的好港口修饰三：(with exceptional results) ，介词短语中文：有杰出的成果修饰四：(for transit trade with Germany and central Europe) ，介词短语中文：因为和德国以及中欧的贸易修饰五：(for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials) ，介词短语中文：加工海洋产品以及原材料参考翻译：有着长期渔业和商业海运传统的荷兰人，在发展适合蒸汽船的好港口上有困难：最后他们在Rotterdam and Amsterdam这样做了，并因为和欧洲以及中欧的贸易以及加工海洋产品以及原材料(如糖、烟草、巧克力、谷物以及油)，从而取得了杰出的成果。这个句子的主要修饰成分就是介词短语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。
