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1、定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,he traveled with his father,who wanted to do trade with the Chinese.(Para.1)2.He was very impressed by Beijing,especially the Summer Palace which he described as“The greatest palace that ever was”(Para.3)3.There were inventions and developments in China which were not available
2、in Europe at that time.(Para.4)4.He was also confused by the black stones people used for fuel.(Para.4),5.However,Marco was lucky to meet another prisoner who enjoyed listening to his stories about China.(Para.5)6.The prisoner then wrote the stories in the book called The Description of the World,wh
3、ich became one of(Para.5)7.Marco was asked the question,“Was it all true?”,to which he replied,“I have only told half of”(Para.6),Discussion,Defining relative clause,Non-defining relative clause,No comma,With comma,Forward,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定的作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整，不明确或不合逻辑。这种
4、定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号隔开。,_,_,The man who came here yesterday has come again.,非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。这种定语从句和主句之间须用逗号隔开。如：,_,_,a.He lives in another town,which is only about an hours ride from here.b.Soon they arrived at a farmhouse,in front of which sat a small boy.,形式上,意义上,译法上,不用逗号“
5、，”与主句隔开。,用逗号“，”与主句隔开。,是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。,只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。,译成先行词的定语：“的”,通常译成主句的并列句。,Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?He is a teacher of much knowledge，from whom much can be learned.,限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,Peoplewhotakephysicalexercise livelonger.。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)Hisd
6、aughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整),Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.他就是汽车被窃的那个人。IveinvitedJim,wholivesinthenextflat.我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。,4关系词的选用不同限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导,关系代词:,关系副词:,who，whom，whose，that，which,when，where，why,关系代词:,关系副词:,who，whom，whose，which,when，where，,Yesterday
7、 he bought a new car，which was made in Japan.(which不可换用that)He didnt give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week.,5关系词的省略不同在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中可以省略而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。I still remember the days we spent together in college.She is not the one(that)she
8、used to be.,6从句所修饰的先行词有所不同限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是句子。This is the best book that I have ever read.He won the first prize in the contest，which was more than we expected.,含义不同,Ihaveasisterwhoisadoctor.(姐姐不止一个)Ihaveasister,whoisadoctor.(只有一个姐姐),The thief,who fell off the ladder,
9、was arrested by the police.The thief who fell off the ladder was arrested by the police.,The customers who arrived after 9 werent allowed into the sale.The customers,who arrived after 9,werent allowed into the sale.,We stopped at the only pub in the village which had a front garden.We stopped at the
10、 only pub in the village,which had a front garden.,Practice A,请区分出下列句子哪些是限制性定语从句，那些是非限制性定语从句：1、The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.2、His mother,who loves him very much,is strict with him.3、China is a country which has a long history.4、China,which was founded in 19
11、49,is becoming more and more powerful.,Practice B,区分下列几组句子的不同含义：1.Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.Her brother,who is now a soldier,always encourages her to go to college.,她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：她还有其他哥哥。）,她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：她只有一个哥哥。）,.All the books that have pi
12、ctures in them are well written.All the books,which have pictures in them,are well written.,所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。（意含：不带插图的书则不一定写得好。）,所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（意含：没有不带插图的书。）,1、I，_ you good friend,will try my best to help you out.,A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am,D,2、His walking stick,_ he cant walk,was lost
13、yesterday.,A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、without which,D,3、They have decided to finish their work,_,I think is a wise choice.,A、thatB、whatC、whichD、whether,C,4、There are three libraries in our school,_ were built five years ago.,A、all of themB、either of themC、all of whichD、both of that,C,1、All_ is usefu
14、l to us is good.,A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whether,C,解析：定语从句中的先行词为all,none等词时，关系代词必须用that,而不是which.故选C。,2、This is the only thing _ I can do now.,A、whatB、whichC、thatD、all,C,3、This is the last factory _ he used to work at,many workers of _ still have a good relationship with him.,A、that;itB、which;whomC、tha
15、t;whichD、which;that,C,4、The text is one of the most interesting stories_learnt in the past three days.,A、that haveB、that have beenC、which hasD、which has been,B,解析：stories是定语从句的先行词,同时stories被最高级所修饰，因此选B.,5、This is the factory_we visited last year.,A、thatB、in whichC、whatD、the one,A,解析：the factory是定语从句
16、的先行词,用作宾语；从句we visited last year中visit是个及物动词，后接宾语，因此选A.,6、Is this factory _ we visited last week.,A、whereB、thatC、whichD、the one,D,解析：this factory容易被学生错误地混为先行词，其实这是This factory是句子的主语而不是先行词。所以选择D.The one 中的one 指代的是factory,作定语从句的先行词。,7、This is the school _ my father worked 20 years ago.,A、thatB、whenC、w
17、hichD、where,D,解析：题中的the school是定语从句的先行词。in+which=where,因此选D.试比较：This school is _ my father worked 20 years ago.where B.the one whereC.that D.the one which,B,8、She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.,A、whenB、whatC、whichD、why,C,解析：the day是定语从句的先行词，she spent in Beijing中的动词spent是个及物动词，后接宾语，
18、the day 作动词spent的宾语。因此选C.,9、The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.,A、whoB、whoseC、of whomD、which,B,10、Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.,A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、which,A,11、The man _ you are talking is in the next room.,A、to whomB、about whomC、about whoD、whom,B,12
19、、I dont like the way _ he spoke to me.,A、by thatB、whatC、by whichD、/,D,13、This is the reason _ he told me.,A、thatB、whyC、on whichD、for that,A,当在定语从句中时，如果reason在句子中充当成分如：主语.宾语或者表语时，用which/that,14、He told me the reason _ he didnt come here.,A、whichB、thatC、whyD、what,C,当是在原因状语从句中时,先行词reason不在从句中做任何成分时，通常可以用why来引导,
