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1、薄膜扩散梯度技术在污水流行病学中的应用以广州、河内的毒品滥用调查为例刘昕a,张瑞玲a,张干aa.有机地球化学国家重点实验室，中国科学院广州地球化学研究所，广州，510640,中国污水流行病学(SewageBasedEpidemiology,SBE)因其具有隐蔽性、客观性、实时性等特征，于近几年快速发展，并被广泛应用于社区毒品滥用的调查研究中。薄膜扩散梯度技术(DiffusiveGradientsinThinFilms,DGT)是一种新型、廉价、使用方便的原位被动采样技术，可以节省采样所需人力物力，简化样品前处理流程。基于此，本研究提出利用DGT被动采样技术监测生活污水中的毒品，并结合污水流行病
2、学评估污水处理厂服务人群的毒品滥用情况。本研究选取河内YenSo市政污水处理厂和广州猎德污水处理厂，采样时间为2019年5月和2019年6月。本研究在污水处理厂的进水口布设不同吸附凝胶类型DGT采样器，并同时借助哈希自动采样器采集24小时混合样品，采样时间为1周。目标化合物包括甲基苯丙胺(冰毒)、氯胺酮(K粉)、吗啡、海洛因、可卡因等18种常见毒品及其代谢产物。研究表明，主动样品中吗啡、可待因、美沙酮及其代谢产物EDDP、可卡因的代谢产物苯甲酰厄高宁、甲基笨丙胺、苯丙胺、氯胺酮及其代谢产物去甲氯胺酮、MDMA(摇头丸)及其代谢产物MDA的检出率均为100%,DGT结果与主动样品结果基本一致，且
3、不同吸附凝胶类型的DGT结果间无显著性差异，表明本研究所选取的DGT均可用于监测污水中的毒品。根据DGT结果，河内污水处理厂进水中毒品浓度远高于广州，检出范围为3.41-446ngL,其中冰毒的平均浓度最高(339416ngL),其次为吗啡(131-183ng/L)和K粉(126-154ngL),广州的检出范围为0.632-18.5ngL,最高为吗啡(11.1-18.5ngL),其次为冰毒(13.7-16.3ngL)和可待因(15.1-16.6ngL)o基于污水流行病学方法对毒品的使用量进行了估算，发现河内地区的毒品滥用形势较广州严峻，采样期间河内的人均冰毒使用量约为广州的15倍。关键词(用逗
4、号分隔)：NeoproterozoictinmineralizationinSouthChina:GeologyandcassiteriteU-PbageoftheBaotantindepositinnorthernGuangxiShitaoZhangab,RongqingZhangb,JianjunLub*,DongshengMab,HuayongChenaa. CASKeyLaboratoryofMineralogyandMetalIogenyZGuangdongProvincialKeyLaboratoryofMineralPhysicsandMaterials,GuangzhouIns
5、tituteofGeochemistry,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Guangzhou510640,Chinab. StateKeyLaboratoryforMineralDepositsResearch,SchoolofEarthSciencesandEngineering,NanjingUniversity,XianlinUniversityTown,Nanjing210023,China(*Correspondingauthor:)Granite-relatedtindepositsaccountforabout90%ofthetinreservesinthewo
6、rld).Thesetindepositsarerelatedtoreducedandhighlyfractionatedgranites.SouthChinaisoneofthemostimportanttinmetallogenicprovincesintheworld.JurassicandCretaceousareconsideredasthemostimportantmetallogenicepochsfortinmineralizationinSouthChina.Recently,TriassictinmineralizationsuchasintheLimuandXinzhai
7、tindepositswerealsoconfirmed.However,duetoalackofsuitablemineralsfortheconventionalisotopicdating,thegenesisoftindepositsspatiallyrelatedtheNeoproterozoicS-typegranitesinNorthernGuangxi,SouthChinastillremainscontroversy.TheBaotantindeposit(23Mt0.43%Sn)islocatedintheJiuwandashan-Yuanbaoshanarea,South
8、China.ItishostedinNeoproterozoicmafic/metasedimentaryrocksandapicalportionsofthePinyinggranitepluton.Sixalterationandmineralizationstageshavebeenidentified:pre-orealteration,cassiteritegreisen,cassiterite-tourmaline-quartzvein,cassiterite-quartzvein,cassiterite-sulfidevein,andpost-orequartz/calcite-
9、quartzveinstages.Tinmineralizationismainlyinthecassiteritegreisen,cassiterite-tourmaline-quartzandcassiterite-quartzveinstages.Thedepositischaracterizedbywidespreadtourmalinization.LA-ICP-MSU-Pbdatingontwocassiteritesamplesfromdisseminatedcassiterite-tourmaline-quartzoreandcassiterite-quartzveinyiel
10、ds206PbZ238Uweightedmeanagesof8325Maand8344Ma(2),respectively.ThesetwodatesareconsistentwiththepreviouslyreportedzirconU-Pbagesof834-835MafbrthePingyinggranite,whichindicatesthattinmineralizat沁nisrelatedtothegranite.ThegranitehaslowmagneticsusceptibilityandzirconCe4+Ce3+ratios,whicharesimilartothoseofSn-bearingilmenite-seriesgranites.OurstudyconfirmstheNeoproterozoictinmineralizationeventinSouthChinaandindicatesthattheNeoproterozoichighlyfractionatedS-typegranitesinthesoutheasternmarginofYangtzeBlockhavegreatpotentialfortinmineralization.Keywords:
