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1、动名词作主语和宾语,Grammar,v-ing,一 动名词,Grammar,动词的-ing,现在分词 动名词,在句中可以做：主语，表语，宾语，补语，定语和状语,千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！,不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。,一：简介 v+ing,时 态 和 语 态,功能及用法(作主语),1)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。_ is very important for me2)说比做容易。_ is easier than doing.,Learning new words,Talking,3)和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。_ with Shyl
2、ock,It is useless trying to argue,用形式主语it，把真正的主语动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，a waste of等。如：,动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。,1作主语.动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：,1)这种事开不得玩笑。Here is _ about such matter.2)无法知道他什么时候离开。There was _ when he would leave.,功能及用法(作主语),no joking,no knowing,在there
3、 be结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do”如,There is no doing：,我们不知道要去哪儿。There was no knowing where we would go.做这件傻事毫无意义。_,注意：There is no need to do sth 干没必要，在此句式中to do 不可换为doing.没有必要告诉她。_,而在Its important/Its necessary/Its advisable/Its essential/Its fitting 这类句型中，只能用不定式，如：Its important to learn
4、foreign languages.Its quite necessary to read it many times.,There is no point doing such a silly thing.,There is no need to tell her.,二、功能及用法(作主语),用-ing形式作主语的句型有：It+be+a waste of time doing 做是浪费时间的It is/was no good/use doing 做是没用处的 It is useless/no use做是没用处的It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的The
5、re is no doing 无法，不允许There is no sense/no point in doing 做没有道理/意义,提示：当动名词用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。动名词复合结构 1)我姐姐病了，使我很担心。My sisters being ill made us worried=That my sister was ill made us worried.2)你正确未必就意味着我错了。Your being right doesnt necessarily mean _.,my being wrong,二、功能及用法(作主语),V-ing 做主语,_(p
6、lay)with fire is dangerous.Be careful!_(play)with fire will be dangerous.,to do or v-ing?,Playing,To play,_(swim)is good for our health._(swim)in this river is not allowed,Swimming,To swim,表示一般或抽象的多次行为,具体的或一次性的动作,功能及用法(用作宾语),looking for,I cant avoid_,Have you considered _ one special friend?,1)我不能不去
7、。,2)你是否考虑过找一位挚友?,(一).（1）只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand等。如：,(一)有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；(二)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）(三)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语.（没大区别）,going,三。动名词作宾语,有三种情况。,常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:,考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练，否认完成停能赏，不禁介
8、意准逃亡，不准冒险凭想象。,consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,pardon admit,delay/put off,fancy avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practise deny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciate cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape forbid,risk,imagine,动词forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,be used to,cant help forget,regret,remember 后跟
9、动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。,(二)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）,I forgot _to her.(我忘了曾经给她写过信）I forgot _her about it.我忘了要告诉。）I remember_ you somewhere in biejing.（see）Remember _me tonight.(call)He regretted_ in the exam.(cheat)I regret _that we cant stay here any longer(say),writing,to tell,seeing,to
10、call,cheating,to say,1.He stopped _and have a rest.(smoke)2.He really must stop_3.I once tried _French(learn)4.Lets try _at the back door.(knock)5.I didnt to mean _your feeling.(hurt)6.This word means _out at once.(set)7.I cant help _the room.for I am too busy(clean)8.After hearing the joke,we cant
11、help _(laugh)9.Water is uesed to _flowers(water)10.I am used to _early.(get)11.Though it rained,they went on_.(work)12.We have finished Part 1.Lets go on _P 2(Learn),to smoke,smoking,to learn,knocking,to hurt,setting,to clean,laughing,water,getting up,working,to learn,(三)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语.（没大区别）,
12、1.一些表示喜好或开始动作的动词like,love,hate,prefer,intend,begin,start continue等，用不定式做宾语和v+ing形式做宾语，意义相差不大,1.I started _(work)here two years ago.2.I intended _a poem in English.(write)3.They prefer _(spend)their summer vacation in the country.,2.need/want/require/deserve doing sth.=need/want/require/deserve to be
13、 done.,4.We need _ friends(have)5.My hair needs_(cut)6.My hair needs_.,to have,cutting.,to be cut,【考例】,What do you think made Mary so upset？_ her new bicycle（1997上海高考题）A.As she lost B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losing,解析：losing her new bicycle是句子的主语，谓语made her so upset被省略，losing 在此表示具体的动作。,【考例】,I ca
14、nt imagine _ that with them（MET 1986）A.do B.to do C.being done D.doing,She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden（1995上海高考题）A.visit B.paying a visit C.walk in D.walking in,解析：考查短语动词 look forward to 后跟动名词作宾语的用法。,1.在allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allowadviseforbi
15、dpermit 名词代词不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。如：We dont allow smoking here We dont allow anybody to smoke here,2.动词need,require,want意为“需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。如：The window needsrequireswants cleaningto be cleaned,3.在begin,continue,love,like,hate,prefer,intend,start后用动名词和 用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多 大区别。,4.动词forget,go on,
16、mean,regret,remember,stop,try,be used to,cant help后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须注意。forget,regret,remember后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。,【考例】,Lets have a rest Not nowI dont want to stop _ yet（MET 1985）A.study B.to study C.for studying D.studying,解析：stop studying意为“停止学习”。,Let me tell you something about the jou
17、rnalists Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday？（1999上海高考题）A.told B.telling C.to tell D.to have told,解析:remember telling me意为“记得曾经告诉过我”。,1.We are both looking forward to _ next week.A.going on vocation(休假)B.go on vocation C.be going on vocation D.have gone on vocation,2.You must pay attention to
18、 _ the works of Lu Xun.A.read B.reading C.reader D.be read3.You should work tonight instead of _ TV.A.to watch B.you watching C.you watch D.watching,4.The microscope is used for_ minute(微小的)objects.A.examining B.being examined C.examined D.examine5.Mike has got used _ up late at night.(stay up)A.to
19、sit B.X C.to sitting D.sitting,6.Once the heart stops _,death follows at once.A.beating B.to beat C.being beaten D.to be beating7.We are now busy _ for the examination.A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.being prepared,8.I remembered _ this person somewhere before.A.seeing B.having been seen C.see
20、n D.to see9.I regret _ that to her.A.having said B.to have said C.to say D.X,10.The patient must be separated to avoid(避免)_ others.A.being infected(感染)B.infecting C.to infect D.infected11.Your clothes need _.A.washed B.to be washed C.to wash D.being washed,12._ provides us with essential nutrients(营
21、养),while _ provides us with oxygen.A.To eat;breathing B.Eating;to breathe C.Eating;breathing D.Eaten;breathed,13.He attended the party without_.A.invited B.inviting C.having invited D.being invited14.By _,water can be changed into gas.A.heating B.being heated C.having heated D.heated,15.On land many
22、 objects prevent sound _ very far.A.to travel B.travel C.from travelling D.to travelling16.She returned home only to find the door open and something_.A.missed B.to be missing C.missing D.to be missed,17.Remember_ the newspaper when you have finished it.A.putting back B.put back C.to put back D.be p
23、ut back 18.Writing stories and articles_ what I enjoy most.A.is B.are C.was D.were,19.He was afraid _for being late.A.of seeing B.of being seen C.to be seen D.to have seen,Homework,Next time well learn Organic Farming on Page 14.If possible,please find some information.Todays homework is to finish all Exercises on Page 49 and 50.,
