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1、Contents,Lead-in,Pre-reading,Text Study,Summary,Writing,Lead-in,Lead-in,Today,we are to take up the topic“Earthquakes”.Since many parts of our country belong to areas where earthquakes are common,it is necessary for us to learn about how to deal with earthquake.So our topic-centered lead-in begins w
2、ith the question as follows:,Mode I,Mode II,Mode III,Mode IV,随 笔,Tips,Interactive Mode I,Q.1 What does a strong earthquake bring to us?,Tips,Mode I,Mode II,Mode III,Mode IV,随 笔,Like it or not,the earthquakes are a disaster we have to be faced with at all times.This is because they are like ghosts ha
3、unting upon us without any fixed pattern of time and space.In this case,it is much better for us to know more about them.My first question is:,1)It brings instant ruin upon the fruits of our labor,such as;2)It gives rise to secondary disasters like;3)It takes a heavy toll of human lives,as in;4)It g
4、ives us a great insight into;5);,Interactive Mode II,Now we see the destructivity of a big quake;but what can we do about it?Lets listen to a passage.,Key Words:watering the garden.started barking“So much for my.”I had no idea how right I was something else peculiar tons of worms crawling out of the
5、ir holes be heard over the fence between our yards and then it hit,the strongest earthquake in 50 years.,Tips,Tips,Mode I,Mode II,Mode III,Mode IV,随 笔,Tips,Q.2 How to predict a strong earthquake?,Tips,Interactive Mode II,Mode I,Mode II,Mode III,Mode IV,随 笔,From the passage,we know that if everyone k
6、new the strange behavior of dogs or worms is a warning of a strong earthquake,it would not have been so terrifying.To achieve this,people have made many attempts.My next question is:,1)Seismic patterns?2)Weather conditions?3)Radon or hydrogen gas content of soil or ground water?4)Water level in well
7、s?5)Animal behavior?6)?,Tips,Q.3 How to prevent great damage caused by a quake?,Tips,Interactive Mode III,Mode I,Mode II,Mode III,Mode IV,随 笔,Thus far,however,earthquake prediction has been controversial because a meaningful prediction must have the following elements:1)specific area;2)specific magn
8、itude or magnitude range;3)specific time window;4)estimate of probability compared to random chance.With our prediction unreliable,we should consider about:,1)Know the history of local earthquakes;2)Keep informed of where fault lines lie;3)Get familiar with local seismic hazards;4)Be clear in mind a
9、bout what to use for your new building;5)Identify the weak points in your old building and reinforce them;6),As in the earthquake of Wenchuan,following it was a sheer failure in the local electricity,water works,telecommunications,transportation,and food service.In that light,making your house stron
10、g is far from enough to ensure your survival.My next question is:,Tips,Q.4 How to prepare ourselves well for a big earthquake?,Before an earthquake1)Keep handy a survival kit,in which;2)Know the safe locations in your home;3)Arrange for the way of family unity;During an earthquake4)If outdoors,get a
11、way from high objects;5)If indoors,stay away from windows;6)If driving,pull over and stop;,Tips,Interactive Mode IV,Mode I,Mode II,Mode III,Mode IV,随 笔,The Birth of the Text,随 笔,Pre-reading,Cultural Notes,Watch and Discuss,New Words,Cultural Notes,视频讨论,生词学习,随 笔,The Great Hanshin Earthquake Disaster,
12、Cultural Notes,视频讨论,生词学习,随 笔,The Great Hanshin Earthquake Disaster,Watch&Discuss,Directions:Watch the video and then discuss the topics as follows:,Video watching,2.How much do you know about other natural disasters?,1.Whats your insight into earthquakes?,Key,Key,背景知识,生词学习,随 笔,视频文件放在这个白色的框内，不要超出去。也不
13、要遮挡框的白边。,Earthquake,背景知识,生词学习,随 笔,New Words,背景知识,视频讨论,随 笔,New Words,背景知识,视频讨论,随 笔,New Words,背景知识,视频讨论,随 笔,New Words,背景知识,视频讨论,随 笔,New Words,背景知识,视频讨论,随 笔,New Words,背景知识,视频讨论,随 笔,Text Study,Topic-centered Analysis of Text,How to deal with the topic?,The writer centers his writing on three aspects of
14、the topicearthquake prediction,earthquake prevention,and earthquake preparation.In the end,he concludes his writing with more emphasis placed on peoples preparation for earthquakes.So the text can fall structurally into four parts.,课文阅读,随 笔,课文缩写,结构分析,Topic-centered Analysis of Text,课文阅读,随 笔,课文缩写,Mai
15、n Idea?,WritingTechnique(W.T.)?,结构分析,Para.1a Ideally,people would like to know when an earthquake is going to happen and how bad it will be.In both Japan and China,people have long believed that earthquakes can be forecast.In Japan,scientists have wired the Earth and sea to detect movements.The Chin
16、ese have traditionally watched animals and plants for warning signs of earthquakes.,How to Prepare for Earthquakes,课文阅读,随 笔,课文缩写,结构分析,Text Analyzing and Reading,Para.1b For example,the Chinese have noted that before an earthquake,hens behavior changesthey refuse to enter their cages at night.They ha
17、ve also noticed that snakes come out of the ground to freeze to death and that dogs bark a lot,even normally quiet dogs.Before the Hanshin earthquake in Japan,there were reports of large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water.,课文阅读,随 笔,课文缩写,结构分析,Text Analyzing and Reading,句型,Para.1c
18、Certain birds,like pigeons,also seemed to be especially noisy and were reported to be flying in unusual patterns before the earthquake.Perhaps most interesting,and most easily measured,is a chemical change in ground water before a quake.Experimental data seem to indicate that the amount of radon(Rn)
19、in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake.,课文阅读,随 笔,课文缩写,结构分析,Text Analyzing and Reading,句型,Para.2a People would also like to be able to prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquakes.After all,most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by fall
20、ing buildings.Therefore,building structures that can with-stand the power of earthquakes is a major concern.Steel seems to be the best material,but not if it is welded to form a rigid structure.,课文阅读,随 笔,课文缩写,结构分析,Text Analyzing and Reading,句型,Para.2b Many new structures are built with a new type of
21、 steel joint,an I-joint,which appears to be the most durable type of joint.These joints of steel can move without breaking.Also,to prevent property damage,architects now design buildings so that the buildings columns and horizontal beams are of equal strength,and vertical support columns are inserte
22、d deep into solid soil.,课文阅读,随 笔,课文缩写,结构分析,Text Analyzing and Reading,Para.2c In addition,many new houses have relatively light roofs and strong walls.Concrete pillars for highway bridges that previously only had steel rods inside are now enclosed in steel.,课文阅读,随 笔,课文缩写,结构分析,Text Analyzing and Read
23、ing,Para.3 Besides working to improve building structures,people in areas where earthquakes are common need to prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake.They should regularly check and reinforce their homes,place heavy objects in low positions,attach cupboards and cabinets to walls,and faste
24、n doors so that they will not open accidentally during an earthquake.,课文阅读,随 笔,课文缩写,结构分析,Text Analyzing and Reading,Para.4a In addition to preparing their houses,people in these regions need to prepare themselves.They should have supplies of water and food at home and at work.It is best to store sev
25、eral gallons of water per person.It is also important to have something that can clean water and kill bacteria,so water from other sources can be made safe to drink.,课文阅读,随 笔,课文缩写,结构分析,Text Analyzing and Reading,句型,Para.4b Store one weeks food for each person.Earthquake survival supplies include a r
26、adio receiver,a torch,extra batteries,first aid supplies,a spade,a tent,some rope,and warm clothing.Experts also suggest the following:,课文阅读,随 笔,课文缩写,结构分析,Text Analyzing and Reading,Para.5a Keep a fire extinguisher handy.You should have one at home,at work,and in your car(if you have one).The fire e
27、xtinguisher should be able to put out any type of fire.Have the proper tools to turn off gas and water lines if necessary.Arrange an auxiliary cooking and heating source that can be used outside.One alternative is a portable camp stove with small cans of gas.,课文阅读,随 笔,课文缩写,结构分析,Text Analyzing and Re
28、ading,Para.5b Keep a pair of heavy,comfortable shoes or boots in your home,at work,and in your vehicle.If there is an earthquake,there will be lots of fragments of broken glass.Light shoes will not protect your feet as well as heavy shoes will.,课文阅读,随 笔,课文缩写,结构分析,Text Analyzing and Reading,课文阅读,随 笔,
29、课文缩写,结构分析,Text Analyzing and Reading,Para.6a Every family needs to have earthquake emergency plans.How will family members leave the area during the chaos following an earthquake?Everyone should agree on a meeting point outside of the areaperhaps in a town several miles away.Also important is an arr
30、angement for family members to communicate if there is an earthquake.,句型,Para.6b If an earthquake happens in a large city,many of the telephone lines within the city are likely to be down.The few remaining working lines will be busy with the calls that naturally occur after a disaster and it will be
31、 difficult to call from one part of the city to another.It might,however,be possible to call outside the city.A sensible arrangement is to have all of the members of the family call to check in with a friend or relative who lives more than a hundred miles away.,课文阅读,随 笔,课文缩写,结构分析,Text Analyzing and
32、Reading,Para.7a Although scientists still cannot predict earthquakes,they are learning a great deal about how the large plates in the Earths crust move,the stresses between plates,how earthquakes work,and the general probability that a given place will have an earthquake.Someday soon it may actually
33、 become possible to predict earthquakes with accuracy.,课文阅读,随 笔,课文缩写,结构分析,Text Analyzing and Reading,Para.7b However,even if prediction becomes possible,people who live in areas where earthquakes are a common occurrence will still have to do their best to prevent disasters by building structures tha
34、t are resistant to ground movement and by being personally prepared.These precautions can make a great difference in saving lives and preventing the loss of homes.Education concerning how to survive an earthquake should be a major emphasis for all government programs and earthquake-related research
35、projects.,课文阅读,随 笔,课文缩写,结构分析,Text Analyzing and Reading,句型,Abridgement of Text,Now that we become more familiar with the organization of the text,as shown in the block diagram,what can we derive from the text in order to abridge it into an three-paragraph essay?,课文阅读,随 笔,课文缩写,结构分析,Abridgement of Tex
36、t,How to Prepare for Earthquakes,Para.1 Ideally,people would like to predict when an earthquake occurs.To make it,the Japanese scientists have wired the Earth and sea to detect movements.The Chinese have traditionally watched animals and plants for warning signs of earthquakes.Perhaps most interesti
37、ng,and most easily measured,is a chemical change in ground water before a quake.,课文阅读,随 笔,课文缩写,结构分析,Abridgement of Text,But thus far,that is not so reliable as expected.People still need to prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquakes.For example,architects design buildings so tha
38、t the buildings columns and horizontal beams are of equal strength.Para.2 For the people in area where earthquakes are common,however,that is far from adequate.They also need to prepare themselves for the,课文阅读,随 笔,课文缩写,结构分析,Abridgement of Text,possibility of a great earthquake.It is best to have all
39、 survival supplies at home and at work,and,if necessary,to keep a fire extinguisher and other proper tools handy.Also necessary is to make earthquake emergency plans,including how family members leave the area during the chaos following an earthquake and what meeting point everyone should agree on.P
40、erhaps most important,and most easily fulfilled,is an,课文阅读,随 笔,课文缩写,结构分析,Abridgement of Text,arrangement for family members to communicate in case of an earthquake.Para.3 Someday soon it may actually become possible to predict earthquakes with accuracy.But even so,people still have to do their best
41、to prevent disasters by improving building structures and by being personally prepared.,课文阅读,随 笔,课文缩写,结构分析,Summary,English Equivalents of Chinese,Creative Application of Typical Expressions,Further Application of Typical Patterns,Summary,句型应用,短语活用,随 笔,Summary,warning signs of earthquakes,to freeze t
42、o death,in unusual patterns,to wax before an earthquake,the destruction of property,after all,to withstand the power of quakes,to be a major concern,be welded to form a rigid structure,a new type of steel joint,句型应用,短语活用,随 笔,Summary,to be of equal strength,to be made safe to drink,first aid supplies
43、,during the chaos,to survive an earthquake,Summary,to watch for,to attach to,to keep handy,if/when necessary,to make a difference in/to,句型应用,短语互译,随 笔,to watch out forto watch overto be on the watch,control ones temper/be likely at any time/lose ones temper,He is always on the watch to control his te
44、mper as if he were likely to lose it at any time.,警戒监视；留神:看守；照管；监视:警惕着；留心着:,他一直注意控制自己的脾气，好像不然他会随时爆发似的。,知识链接,活 学 活 用,意 群 提 示,Back,Summary,句型应用,短语互译,随 笔,the saddest thing about sb./rank oneself as one attached to sb.,The saddest thing about a woman is that she ranks herself as one attached to a man.,深
45、爱着:参加:附属:,女人最悲哀的，莫过于把自己列为男人的附属品。,知识链接,活 学 活 用,意 群 提 示,Summary,句型应用,短语互译,随 笔,Back,be deeply attached to attach oneself tobe attached to,the best way of doing sth./keep oneself free from disputes/keep oneself occupied with ones pursuits,The best way of keeping oneself free from disputes is to keep one
46、self occupied with ones pursuits.,使人忙于：使人摆脱:使人了解:,keep sb.occupied with keep sb.free from keep sb.informed of,使自己摆脱是非的最佳方式，是使自己忙于自己的追求。,知识链接,活 学 活 用,意 群 提 示,Summary,句型应用,短语互译,随 笔,Back,go through hardships/be proud of/the returns gained from sth.,I am not afraid of going through hardships.If anything
47、,I am proud of the returns gained from it.,可能的活：如果说有的话：更可能的是；相反：,if possibleif anyif anything,我并不害怕经历磨难，正相反，我甚至为从中获得回报而骄傲。,知识链接,活 学 活 用,意 群 提 示,Summary,句型应用,短语互译,随 笔,Back,make a proper change in ones focus of work,To make a reality of your dream,you need to make a proper change in your focus of work
48、.,成名，出名：实现：改变：,make a name for oneself make a reality of make a change in/to,要实现梦想，你要合理改变工作重心。,知识链接,活 学 活 用,意 群 提 示,Summary,句型应用,短语互译,随 笔,Back,Summary,Perhaps most+adj./p.p.,and most adj./p.p.,be,Sb./Sth.seem to be,but not if,Education/Instruction concerning sth.should be a major emphasis for sth.el
49、se.,短语活用,短语互译,随 笔,space walk/ones success in sth./the most inspiring/the most intensely felt/a sense of national pride,新视野 产生式提炼与应用,典 型 例 句,意 群 提 示,随着我国太空行走的成功，也许最令人振奋的、也最令人强烈感受到的，是民族自豪感。,With our success in space walk,perhaps the most inspiring,and the most intensely felt,is a sense of national pri
50、de.,Back,短语活用,短语互译,随 笔,convert into/a mover behind ones further struggle,新视野 产生式提炼与应用,典 型 例 句,意 群 提 示,失败似乎是坏事，但如果它变成你奋进的动力就不是这样了。,Failure seems to be a bad thing,but not if it converts into a mover behind your further struggle.,Back,短语活用,短语互译,随 笔,conserve energy/reduce expenditure/in the years to co
