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1、Long Sentences of English translation of methods and techniquesAbstract: The English translation is a long sentence in an English language learning difficulty, this article from the English language contrast perspectives on the differences between English and Chinese, and further analysis of the cha
2、racteristics of long sentences in both languages, an overview of a long sentence in English four kinds of commonly used translation methods, and an example analysis of these methods in practice use. English language teaching and learning process, we often find that when students from Chinese to Engl
3、ish Chinese-style English, English-Chinese, when the sentence was Westernization. The reason I think this is mainly because English and Chinese from two completely different culture and language system, word order vary widely, in particular, are confronted with complex long sentences, in addition to
4、 the strong comparative analysis of ability to understand, but also requires us to master certain translation theories and skills, and have better language skills. To this end, I combine their English teaching practice, to be compared from the perspective of English and Chinese to English translatio
5、n of long sentences to make some exploring. An English sentence structure differences in the diversity of human language, so that translated into an important medium of human communication. At the same time, due to differences in systems of different languages, in English-Chinese translation, the En
6、glish and Chinese in the syntactic structure, internal logic of the relationship between the existence of significant differences: (1) to heavy sentences together in English, Chinese sentences re-Italian co. Chinese pay attention to implicit logic of common sense-oriented sequence of a coherent, foc
7、using on function, meaning, pay attention to God unified form, shape together means much less than in English, there is no English to those commonly used relative pronouns, relative adverbs, pronouns, and conjunctive adverb connecting. And a small number of English prepositions, sentence structure,
8、also without too many restrictions, can be used for speaking, the environment and the internal structure of language to make statements and other conditions set off each other as far as possible about Yoshitoyo speech. So, Chinese is a need to link communication were the main consciousness, language
9、 environment, sentence functions as a dynamic expression of ideas and re-analysis of consensual language, is different from the English sentence re form together, Look at the following sentence: Example 1 : My idea of a good PEclass is one where youth are involved in at least 20 minutes of basic mov
10、ementthat gets their heart rates up. PRESIDENT: Talking about a good physical education, my thinking is that young people in physical education at least to for 20 minutes so that they speed up the heart of the basic movement. This is a classic to heavy sentences together in English, all sentences wi
11、th the two relative pronouns to link the two relative clauses, in the translation will have a bearing layers of a clear rationale, sentence leisurely tone, which in line with the Chinese narrative approach. Example 2: Do not listen to old words, lose the corner. Translation 1: If you wish good advic
12、e, consult an old man. The original relationship is implicit in the assumptions, and translate this into English if the assumptions used conjunctions to express relationships, can be seen from this Images and English re-shaped co - heavy sentence Parataxis Chinese characteristics. Translation 2: Who
13、 never consults an old man may suffer loss. Sentence with the noun clause to translate, also reflects the English and Chinese languages in the form and the meaning on the difference. (2) The Chinese translation is usually one by one according to chronological order, while the English were more empha
14、sis on space order. Chinese sentence, you can see how more than two verb, or even almost all the words are verbs. Such as: children hand the teacher to give them a gift, singing, jumping and happily went home. Each verb represents an action. In specific cases, the occurrence of each action must have
15、 it happen all the time, Chinese action is in accordance with the actual or logical chronological order to arrange the sequence of the verb in the sentence position. Such as: Example 1: I buy a ticket on the train. Yesterday was the first that I bought a ticket, and then on the train. Buy tickets ea
16、rlier, by car in the post, faithfully reflected in the sentence. But if I then buy a ticket on the train, then the sentence must be followed by the verb arrange for: Example 2: I buy a ticket on the train. Far as a sentence, the Chinese focus on the general trend, it is often the first representativ
17、es of all the conditions, environment and related conditions, etc., then point out the main verb. For example: Example 3: Xiaofang, study hard in school every day. Compared with the Chinese language, often English sentences are set aside in chronological order and focus on the spatial structure, gen
18、erally use the straight to the point form, first explain the main subject and verb, followed by the word with all kinds of relations to link to related content, this method is suitable for even in the most simple and most complex sentences. Example 4: But she soon found a curious correspondence betw
19、een the ostensibly chance position of the cows and herwishes in this matter, till she felt that their order could not be the result of accident. Example 5: The lurid presentment so powerfully affected her imagination in the silence of the sleeping house thather nightgown became damp with perspiratio
20、n, and the bedstead shook each throb of her heart. These sentences are characterized by straight to the point given subject and predicate, and the Chinese language that corresponds to the rear center of gravity. The most obvious feature is the use of the term relationships to integrate the sentence.
21、 In order to achieve this goal, breaking the chronological order is sometimes unavoidable, even necessary. (3) English sentences accounted for the majority of nouns and prepositions, Chinese sentence, the verb dominant. English is a static language, Chinese is a dynamic language. As the English sent
22、ences in the predicate verb bound by the morphological changes, sentence predicate verb is often the core of the sentence; individual actions often must rely on the term to express, but between nouns and nouns with the preposition to connect, so English nouns and prepositions the majority. Relativel
23、y speaking, the Chinese language is not English verbs because the verb morphology. To sense that action can only use the verb itself. In view of differences in the characteristics of the process of English-Chinese translation is actually between the static and dynamic conversion process. Example 1:
24、Coming! Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into theporch . translation: Laila! She turned to jumping jumping ran across the grass , ran trails, step onto the steps, across the veranda, into the porch. The text consecutively several different prepositio
25、ns that moves: over, up, up, across and into, so should the original translation of this style manifested in different verb. Example 2: Gatsby, pale as death, with his hands plunged like weights in his coat pockets, was standing in a puddleof water, glaring tragically into my eyes. PRESIDENT: Bill G
26、ates than the surface, such as ashes, it usually hides in his hands like a weight shirt pocket, standing in a pool of water two feet, look Qihuang stare at my eyes. Sentence with the preposition connects a series of terms to enhance the English term advantages, but also reflects the modern English t
27、he general trend of the pursuit of simplicity. 2 Analysis of Long Sentences in English and Chinese in the translation of our English long sentences, often because of fear arising from the psychological sentence is too long. In fact, when we grasp the essentials of translation after, they will not fe
28、el so scared. Because no matter how complex sentences are some of the basic ingredients, the method can be extended to increase the sentence modifiers can also be used all kinds of phrases or clauses as sentence elements. Translation, we need to find the center of the sentence and the number of laye
29、rs of meaning, and then analyze the interaction between the layers of meaning of logical relationship, and then in accordance with Chinese characteristics and the expression to be translated. Since Chinese is a heavy Parataxis the theme more obvious language, Chinese pay more attention to semantic c
30、oherence, logical sequence of cause and effect and chronological relationship between the main sentence components that is difficult to distinguish, especially long sentence. Thus, a long sentence in the translation of English, the first through syntactic parsing, and figure out the sentence is a si
31、mple sentence, compound sentence, or complex sentences and identify the main components of the sentence, the sentence to further clarify the main components and modification of the interaction between components relationship. Then according to Chinese custom, to make the corresponding changes in the
32、 original parts of speech, proper and appropriate additions or conversions sentence omitted some words, so that translation is more real, fluent expression of ideas out of the original content, rather than rigidly adhere to the original terms, so that translation of sentence clear and lively. 3 Engl
33、ish Translation of Long Sentences methods and techniques in the differences between English and Chinese sentence structure and characteristics of long sentences have a better understanding, we can use the appropriate translation approach to translation, here introduces the cis-translation, down tran
34、slation, sub-translation and comprehensive law in several ways. (1) Shun translation. When the contents of the long sentence in English and Chinese are basically the same narrative level, that is described by the continuity of action is basically based on actions that occurred chronological arrangem
35、ent or by a certain logic arrangement can be used Shun translation. Example 1: Television keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments inscience and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining. PRESIDENT: TV
36、people about current events, are familiar with the latest science and the political sphere development, and be able to continuously provide the audience with the various kinds of educational and interesting programs. Predicate part of the sentence made by the three sentences side by side, of which t
37、he third predicate which led by a modification of attributive clause. The original sentence is based on the logical order of narrative, and Chinese expressions coincide Translation can be translated when the original sequence. Example 2: If you are going to protect such areas with seawalls, or carry
38、 out a careful retreat of populations, whichwill be inevitable in some cases, or protect house those are measures that must be planned many decades ahead oftime. PRESIDENT: If you want to construction of sea walls to protect such areas, or the orderly withdrawal of the population - in some cases thi
39、s is inevitable, or the protection of housing, then these measures must be planned in advance for several decades. It is a condition of adverbial clause. The main sentence that contains a boot attributive clause; clause in the be going to the back three adverbial clause clause belong to the second f
40、loor, from which to guide the attributive clause belong to the third layer clause. Understand the main components, as well as the various clauses of the various types of relationships to determine the ownership of the modified components, which translate them smoother. (2) inverted translation. Engl
41、ish and Chinese language structure there is a big difference: the focus of the first in English, Chinese and center of gravity in the post. Chinese use more long sentence summary type, the information point on the back of the more important the more backward. If you have a sentence both narrative st
42、ance on the Chinese put the narrative part of the former, some on the stand after; English, in contrast, often stand on the part of the first sentence, translated into Chinese would put it when the end of the sentence, to form the inverted translation 1. Example 1: It was our view that the United St
43、ates could be effective in both the tasks assigned by the President, ie, of ending hostilities, and making a contribution to a permanent peach in the Middle East - if we conductedourselves so that we could remain in permanent contact with all of these elements in the equation. PRESIDENT: If we take
44、action in order to continue to maintain contact with the parties to the Middle East, the United States will be able to assume the president laid out the two tasks, namely, the end of hostilities in the Middle East, and permanent peace in the region to contribute. This is our point of view. This long
45、 sentence by a main clause, an appositive clause and the two adverbial clauses constituted. Example 2: It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, therewill have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice. PRESIDENT: So
46、, if you want their students to properly starting a college opportunity, we should provide them with plenty of information on the curriculum more detailed information and more pointing, this question becomes increasingly important. Part of the sentence of the statement more and more important place
47、in the first sentence, translated into Chinese were on the end of the sentence. (3), translation. If the analysis shows that by observing a long sentence or main clause main clause and the sentence and the relations between the qualifier is not very close translation of clauses or phrases may be ext
48、racted to a separate treatment, described separately. Example 1: Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli whichdevelop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. Asked: behaviorist view is th
49、at if a child has many exciting environment, grow up, and these stimuli to develop their proper capacity; then the children will have a higher mental development. Sentence formed by the four clauses, which led to the use of sub-translation attributive clause, so that in expressing the intent of translation under the premise of a more fluent reading. Example 2: The law of universal gravitation states that every particle of matter in the universe attracts every otherwith a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely
