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1、考点清单一 时间状语从句考点清单一 时间状语从句 一、when, while和as l、 when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，司用于主句和从旬动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。如： When I lived there，I used to印to the seashore on Sund8ys 我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。 When the film ended，the people went back 电影一结柬，看电影的人便回去了。 当when引导的时间状语从旬为系表结构，而且其主语和主句的主语一致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以用以as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从
2、句。如： As a young man(=When he was a young man)，he Was fond of hunting他年轻时，喜欢打猎。 2、 从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如： Please dont talk so loud while others are working 别人在工作时，别高声谈话。 3、 从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，目译为“一边，(一He hurried home，looking behind as he went 他匆匆忙忙回家去，一边跑一边回头望。 As time goes
3、 on，its getting warmer and warmer. 随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。 4、 如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when，while与as可互换使用。如： WhenWhileAs 1 was walking down the street，I came across an old friend of the sourer. 当我梧大街行走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个朋友。 题组训练用when，while，as填空： I was walking down the street, I noticed a poli
4、ce car in front of the store John arrived, 1 was cooking lunch. he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening How CSB he get good grades 11e wont study? I was wandering through the sweet l caught sight of a tailors shop. 二、 as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the mi
5、nute，the instant，no soonerthan，hardlyscarcelyWhen和once 这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“就”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。如： The moment 1 heard The voice，I knew father was coming 我一听到那个声音，我就知道父亲来了。 No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. 我们刚到车站，火车就离站了。 The boy burst into tears immediately
6、he saw his mother 那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。 注意：NO sooner than；hardly/scarcelywhen这一结构的时态搭配：no sooner与hardlyscarcely引导的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardlyscarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。如： I had hardly got home when it began to rain. Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 我们刚到家就下起雨来。 题组训练
7、英译汉： They phoned immediately they reached home. No sooner had she seen him than she smiled. I want to see her the moment she arrives. 三、tilluntil和notuntil 1、 肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，王旬、从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如： He remained there until she arrived 他一直等到她来。 You may stay here until the rain stops. 你可在这
8、里待到雨停。 2、 否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从旬为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如： He wont go to bed tilluntil she returns. 直到她回来他才睡。 3、 till可以置于句首，而until可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of it. 直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。 4、 notuntil句型中的强调和倒装用法： 直到你告诉我我才知道这件事。 It Was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. Not until you tol
9、d me did I have any idea of it(not until置于句首，主句要倒装) 题组训练句型转换： I didnt leave until she came back she came back 1eave not until she came back I . 四、before和since 1、 若表达“还未就；不到就；才；还没来得及”时，需用连词before。如： We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land 我们航行了4天4夜才看到陆地。 We hadnt run a mile before
10、he felt tired 我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。 Before I could get in a word，he had measured me. 我还没来得及插话他就给我量好了尺寸。 2、 before从句中谓语不用否定式。如： Before they reached the station，the train had gone 他们(还没)到火车站前，火车已开走了。 3、 It will be+一段时间+before多久之后才。如： It will be half a year before I come back. 还得呆半年我才能回来。 It wont be long bef
11、ore we meet again. 没多长时间我们就会见面了。 4、 since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生过的动作。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，相应的，王句中的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。如： I have written home four times since I came here. 自从我来到这儿，我给家写了四封信。 She has been working in this factory since she left school. 她离开学校以来，就在这个工厂工作。 5、 在“It is+一段时间+since从句”句型
12、中，时间的计算一律从since从旬的动作完成或状态结束时算起。如： It is three years since the war broke out 自战争爆发以来有三年了。 It is three years since I smoked a cigar 2、注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句： 你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。 Youd better make a mark where you have any questions Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions(定语从句) 二、原
13、因状语从句 1、 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because，as，since，now that seeing that，considering that，每个连词的含义不尽相同。 区别 位置 内涵 语气 能否回答why 能否被强调 项目 Because 因为 主句前或后 as由于 主句前或后 直接因果关系 双方都知道 的原因 强 能 能 弱 不能 不能 since/now that 主句前 既然 如： 一Why are you absent from tile meeting? 你为什么开会缺席? 一Because I am ill 因为我病了。 As it is raining，we s
14、hall not go to the park 由于在下雨，我们不去公园了。 Now that/Since everybody is here，lets begin our meeting. 既然大家都在，我们开始开会吧。 2、此外，when还表示原因，意为：since；considering that既然；考虑到，如： It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes 既然你步行5分钟能到那里，却打的，真够愚蠢的。 3、 其他表示原因的方式 除了状语从句外，一些介词短语同
15、样町以表示原因，这样的短语有：because of，thanks to，due to，owing to等。 此外，并列连词for加分句也可表示原因，for引导的分句对前面的内容补充说明。 He doesnt know about itfor he didnt see the film. 他不了解此事，因为他没有看过这部电影。 题组训练 单项填空： After the war, a new school building was put“P there once been a theatre A、that B、where C、which D、when I have kept the portra
16、it I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London. A、which B、where C、whether D、when that my head had cleared，my brain was also beginning to work much better. A、For B、Now C、Since D、Despite 常考点清单三 目的状语从句和结果状语从句 一、目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that, in order that, for fear t
17、hat, in ease，lest等。 1、in order that与so that 两个连词意为“以便；为了”，引导的状语从句中需用情态动词，in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从旬可置于主句之前或者之后，而so that引导的从旬只能置于主句之后。如： Ill speak slowly so that you call understand me 我会慢慢说以便你能懂。 In order that we might see the sunrise，We started for the peak early. 为了能看到日出，我们很早就出发去了山顶。 2、for fe
18、ar that，in case与lest 这些从属连词引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词要用动词原形，它本身带有否定意义，相当于so thatnot或in order that not 6如： The boy hid himself behind the tree in casefor fear that his father should see him. 那个男孩把自己藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。 Take your raincoat in caselest it should rain. 带上雨衣以防下雨。 二、结果状语从句 1、 引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that，so that
19、，such that。在非正式语体中，由so that，such that引导的句子中that可以省略，注意其结构形式： so+形容词副词+that从句 so+形容词+aan+可数名词单数形式+that从句 so +many/much/few/little+名词+that从句 such +aan+形容词+可数名词单数形式+that从句 such +形容同+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词+that从句 such +a lot oflots of+名词+that从句 如： Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him = Mike is
20、so honest a worker that we all believe him 麦克如此诚实，以至于我们都相信他。 It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park 天气如此晴朗以至于我们都想去公园。 He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family. 他挣这么少钱，以至于不能维持家庭生活。 当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。如： So clever a student was he that he was able to work ou
21、t a11 the difficult problems 他是如此聪明的学生以至于成功地解出了所有难题。 题组训练用适当的连词填空： It is not surprising that little worms eat little grain Can you believe that in rich country there should be many poor people? He issmart a boy that I like him very much. 2、 除结果状语从旬外，tooto，enough to 等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。如： 他起床太晚了，没有赶上那班公共汽
22、车。 He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus = He got up too late to catch the bus = He got up so late as to miss the bus. 题组训练句型转换： He is so young that he cant join the army. He is to join the army. He is to join the army. He is so young join the army. 常考点清单四 条件状语从句和方式状语从句 一、条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的从屈连
23、词有：if, unless (= if not，除非)，so/as long as，in case，on condition that，suppose/supposing ，provided that等。如： Youll fail the exam unless you study hard 除非你努力学习，否则你考试不会及格。 As long as you dont lose heart. you will succeed 你只要不灰心，就会成功。 SupposeSupposing(that)they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help? 假
24、如他们拒绝了我们，我们还会求助谁? In case there is a fire，what will we do first? 万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么? 二、方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as, as if, as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或fits though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。如： Do as you are told to, or youll be fired. 告诉你怎么做就怎么做，否则就解雇你。 The old lady treats the boy as if he
25、were her own son. 这位老太太对街这个男孩就像他是她自己儿子似的。 I feel as if I have a fever. 我感觉好像感冒了。 常考点清单五 让步状语从句和比较状语从句 一、让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的从属连词有： 1、 although/though，even thougheven ifalthough与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与vet，still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。如： He is unhappy，though/although he has a lot of money 虽然他很有钱，但并不幸福。
26、Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football. 虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。 Even thoughif it is rainingWell go there. 即使下雨，我们也要去那里。 Even if 1 were busy，1 would go 即使我忙，也得去。 注意：though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。如： He said he would come；he didnt，though 他说他会来，可是没有来。 2、 as或though引导让步状语从句倒装的情况
27、as或though从句一般放在主句之前，常用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。如： Child as he ishe knows a lot 尽管他是孩子，懂得很多。 Much as I like it1 wont buy it，for its too expensive 虽然我很喜欢，但不会买的，因为它太贵了。 Try as he mighthe could not find a job 不管他怎样努力，还是找不到工作。 注意：though引导的从旬也可以像as引导的从旬一样用倒装语序，但是although引导的从句只能用正常语序。注意比较下
28、面的说法： Smart thoughas she is，she doesnt study hard Though she is smart，she doesnt study hard Although she is smart，she doesnt mud，hard Smart although she is，she doesnt study hard As she is smart，she doesnt study hard 3、 whether or(不管还是)；疑问词+ever与no matter+疑问词(不管；无论)。如： Whether you believe it or not，i
29、t is true. 不管你相信与否，那都是真的。 Whateveryou say，he wont believe you. 无论你说什么，他不会相信你的话。 Whoever you are，you must obey the rules 无论你是谁，你都要遵守规则。 注意：whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever还可以引导名词性从句。如： You call take whatever you like 4、 when, while还可作从属连词，相当于although。 Suddenly, she stopped short when she ought
30、to have continued. 尽管她应该继续下去，她却突然停住了。 While I admit that there are problems，I dont agree that they cannot be solved 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。 题组训练不定项填空： Ill be your true friend， happens A. whatever B. no matter what I see him，be is busy with his research work A. Wherever B. No matter when He liked
31、reading very much he went，he took a book with him A. Wherever B. No matter where difficult the problem may be, Ill work it out by my self A. However B. No matter how I wont let you in， you may be. A. whoever B. no matter who leaves the room last should remember to turn off the light. A. Whoever B. N
32、o matter who Im too busy to buy you a present，so you call use the money I give you to buy you like A. whatever B. no matter what Ill give the ticket to really wants to see the film。 A. whoever B. whomever C. no matter who 二、比较状语从句 参看专题三：形容词和副词的比较等级部分。 常考点清单六 状语从句的紧缩现象 一、时间状语从句中常见的紧缩形式 Dont speak unt
33、il spoken to. 有人对你说话时你再说。 While in Beijing, I paid to the Summer Palace. 在北京时，我参观了颐和园。 I prefer my milk little sweetened whenever possible. 可能的话，我喜欢牛奶甜点儿。 As a young man，Abraham Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster 亚伯拉罕林肯年轻时当过零售店店主和邮政所所长。 He often makes mistakes when speaking English 说英语时他经常出错
34、。 She always sings while doing her work 她干活时总是唱歌。 二、条件状语从旬中常见的紧缩形式 Come tomorrow if possible 可能的话就明天来吧。 If so，you must go back and get it. 如果这样的话，你必须回去把它拿来。 Ill buy a TV set if necessary. 如有必要，我就买一台电视机。 The girl never gave in unless wrong 这女孩不会屈服的，除非她错了。 Unless repaired，the machine is of no use 这台机器
35、如不修便毫无用处。 三、方式状语从句中常见的紧缩形式 Some flowers shut up at night as if (they did this in order) to sleep有些花夜间收拢，好像为了睡眠一样。 She stood at the gate as if (she was)waiting for someone 她站在门口好像在等人。 The woman teacher left the classroom silently as though f she was) angry这位女教师一言不发离开教室好像生气了。 The inspector looked roun
36、d, as if (he was) in search of some-thing这位稽查员四处张望，好像在寻找什么。 四、其他状语从旬中的紧缩形式 Though cold，he still wore a shirt 天气虽然冷但他仍然穿一件衬衫。 Being blind，he couldnt see anything 他瞎了，什么东西也看不见。 Fill in the blanks with articles where necessary 在需要的地方填上冠词。 题组训练】补全下列被紧缩的句子： Pressure can be reduced when needed. Once seen, it can never be forgotten. He was a swimmer when child. He has no moneyIf any，he would give us. If in needdont hesitate to ask me for money. Jane seemed as if good at everything.
