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1、中考英语考点聚焦九外研课件考点聚焦 一、要点梳理 必考词汇 1. call call 是一个多义词，有时在没有上下文的情况下可能有歧义，如 call sb. 就可表示“叫醒某人”、“呼唤某人”、 “打电话给某人”等。例如： Will you go and call Jack? 你去叫一下杰克好吗? Call me if I dont wake up in time. 如果到时我没醒的话，请叫醒我。 I called him last night. 我昨晚给他打过话。 表示看望或拜访某人，后接介词 on 或 upon； 表示到某地拜访，后接介词 at。 例如： Lets call on John
2、 at Johns house. 我们拜访约翰(去约翰家)吧。 表示给某人或某地打电话，英语用 call (up) a person or a place, 注意不要按汉语习惯在call 后加介词 to。比较： 最后我们决定给布莱克先生(的办公室)打电话。 正：At last we decided to call (up) Mr. Black(s office). 误：At last we decided to call to Mr. Black(s office). Marcia called him three times yesterday, but nobody answered. A
3、. visited B. told C. phoned C 2. rise rise是“上升，上涨，起床，站立”的意思。该词含义较广，总的意思是指依次上升，如自然界的日、月、星、雾、云的上升，人体从睡、跪、坐、躺等姿势站立起来等。该词为不及物动词，其过去式与过去分词分别是rose和risen。例如： The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.日出于东而落于西。 Prices rise every day in those countries.那些国家里的物价天天上涨。 1 raise用作及物动词，其基本含义是“使升起来，举起”，它的过去分词和
4、过去式都是raised。例如： Heavy rains raised the river.暴雨使河水水位升高。 We must raise the living standard of the people.我们必须提高人民的生活水平。 3. below 介词below表示方位、数值等“在下面”、“低于”之意。例如： The sun sinks below the horizon.太阳落在地平线下。 It is four degrees below zero this morning.今晨零下四度。 below在方位上仅表示位置低于所提及的事物，而under则表示处于垂直线的下面。例如： Th
5、e river below the bridge is thirty meters deep.桥下这条河流有30米深。 The river under the bridge is ten meters deep.桥下的河流有10米深。 (浙江省衢州市) 五、词汇运用 B用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。(计5分） travel , wonderful , below , minute , rise 66. Night temperature usually falls _ zero in winter here. 67. Take the bus , and you will ge
6、t to the university in five _. 68. All of the children had a _ school trip to the mountain. 69. I heard the _ news that there was an accident on wall street this morning. 70. The river _ again often the storm yesterday. 66 below 67 minutes 68 wonderful 69 traveling 70 rose 4. disappear 表示“消失”，是不及物动词
7、，因此不能用于被动语态。例如： His anger soon disappeared. 他的怒气一会儿就消了。 通常不与副词 away 连用，以免用词重复。例如： He disappeared into the dark. 他消失在黑暗中。 (年上海市VI 用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子每空格限填 一词。) 63.Lets hope that all our troubles will _ soon.(appear) 63.disappear 5. allow 2 allow作“允许”或“许可”讲，常搭用动词不定式短语作宾语补足语，即allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某
8、事。例如： Please allow me to carry your bag. 请让我替你拿包。 My boss doesnt allow me to use the telephone. 我的老板不允许我用电话。 allow 作“许可”，“允许”讲，只可搭配动名词短语作宾语，不可直接搭用动词不定式作宾补，即只可说 allow doing sth., 不可说allow to do sth. 例如： Do they allow smoking in the cinemas? 他们允许在电影院里抽烟吗? Smoking is not allowed here. 此处禁止吸烟。 allow还常与
9、out, in, up等副词搭配使用，即 allow sb. in/ out/ up等。例如： She is not allowed out after dark. 天黑后，不准她出去。 The patient was allowed up after ten days. 十天后病人才被允许起床(下地)。 1. Its said that smoking wont be _ in indoor public places or workplaces in China soon. A. attacked B. admired C. attracted D. allowed D 2. It to
10、drive after drinking wine. A. is allowed B. is not allowed C is made . D is welcomed B 6. against 表示“反对”，其反义词为 for。若表示“强烈反对”，一般用副词 strongly。例如： Are you for or against the plan? 你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢? Public opinion is strongly against his visit to the country. 舆论强烈反对他访问这个国家。 表示“反对”，经常同那些与之含义相关的动词连用 (如：figh
11、t, struggle, protest, argue, guard等)。 The soldiers fought against the enemy bravely. 士兵们勇敢地打敌人。 表示位置，意为“靠着”、“顶着”、“迎着”、“衬着”等。例如： The teachers desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。 He stood leaning against the tree. 他站着斜靠在墙上。 3 against 是介词，不是动词。 Mr. Black is strongly _ keeping animals in the zoo, beca
12、use he thinks animals should also have the right to enjoy freedom. A. up B. for C. against C 7. either 作形容词，表示“任何一个；两者都”。例如： You may read either book. 这两本书中你可以随便读一本。 作副词，意为“也”，用于否定句或否定词组后加强语气。例如： I dont like the book, either. 我也不喜欢这本书。 用作代词，表示“两者之一”。例如： Either girl is beautiful. / Both girls are bea
13、utiful 两个女孩都漂亮。 either作不定代词用，既可代替名词，也可作定语，兼有“两者中的每一个”或“两者中的任何一个”的意思。 either可与of连用，后接复数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 用作连词，意为“或者；要么”。例如： Either you or I am to go. 不是你去，就是我去。 常用搭配 eitheror“或者或者”，“不是就是”。用来连接两个并列的成分，可以连接两个介词短语、或连接两个动词，或连接两个名词。当连接两个主语时，谓语的动词形式要和靠近的主语保持一致，eitheror的否定形式是neithernor。 (山东省潍坊市) Would you lik
14、e tea or coffee? _ is OK.I really dont mind. A. None B 8. instead 4 D. down B. Either C. Neither D. Both instead为副词，意思是“代替；取而代之的是”，表示前面的事情没做，而是做了后面的事。instead一般位于句首或句尾，但不能位于祈使句的前面，instead也不能位于句中。另外，instead所在的那个句子一般是肯定形式，前面的那个句子一般是否定形式。例如： If you cannot go, let him go instead. 如果你不能去，让他替你去。例如： 常用搭配ins
15、tead of instead of是介词词组，后面接一个并列成分，可能是名词、代词、介词短语、副词等。接动词时，应该用-ing形式。instead of短语具有否定意义，是没有做的事情。例如： I have to finish my work instead of going out.我必须完成工作，不能外出。 1. How will she deal with the work? She doesnt want to do it by herself . She wants to ask someone else to do it, _. A. yet B 2. Lets go hikin
16、g _ staying at home, shall we? A good idea. A. as well as B. in order to C. instead of D. in addition to C 常考短语 1. millions of 基数词hundred，thousand，million，billion表示确定的数时，用数词直接加在它们的前面即可。当hundred，thousand，million，billion等后面跟of短语时，则要加-s，表示一个大约数。 例如： Millions of dollars have gone into the building of th
17、is factory. 在修建这座工厂时花掉了数百万美元。 girls took part in the Happy Girl Competition but only few of them succeeded. A. Million of B. Many million of C. One million of D. Millions of 5 B. instead C. too D. either D 2. set up set up动词短语，意为“建立，建造, 创立, 竖立”。例如： Plenty of foreign firms have set up factories here.
18、 很多外国公司已在这里开办工厂。 A monument was set up as a memorial to the dead soldiers. 为阵亡将士立了一个纪念碑。 set up是一个“动词副词”构成的短语动词，其中up为副词，set为动词。这类短语动词若有代词作宾语，必须将代词放于动词和副词之间。 The school is very beautiful. The government set it up last year. 那座学校很美丽，它是*去年建起来的。 Eton College in England was _ in 1440 by King Henry VI to
19、give free education to poor students. A. cleaned up B 3. look through look through的基本含义有： 透过看去；穿过看去。例句： Look through this window and youll see a beautiful garden. 透过这扇窗户你会看到一个美丽的花园。 浏览；(从头到尾)粗略地翻阅；温习(功课等)。例句： She spent the whole night looking through the students homework. 她花了一晚上看学生的作业。 He looked th
20、rough his notes before the final examination. 他期末考试前温习了自己的笔记。 Would you please _ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious(明显的) mistakes? Of course I will. 6 B. set up C. fixed up D. cheered up A. look around B. look through C. look up D. look into B 4. rather than rather than 是一个并列连词，用法比较复杂
21、，现归纳如下： rather than 与would 连用时，构成“would rather.than.”句式，意思是“宁愿而不愿”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。例如： Shed rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。 rather than不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为“是而不是；与其不如”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。例如： He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。 We wi
22、ll have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。 I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我决定写信而不打电话。 1. Why would some workers in Foxcon die _ continue working in the factory? Psychologists say they are under too much pressure. A. better than B. by acciden
23、t D 2. They preferred _ rather than _ a bike. A. to walk; to ride B. walking; riding C. to walk; ride C 5. asas asas表示“与一样”时，常用as形容词as.结构，其中的形容词或副词用原级。第一个as是副词，修饰其后的形容词或副词；第二个as是连词，连接一个表示比较的状语从句。这个状语从句的谓语动词如果与主句中的谓语相同，则经常被省略；如果状语从句的谓语动词与主句中的谓语不同，则不能省略。例如： This mooncake is as nice as that one (is nic
24、e).这块月饼像那块一样好吃。 有时在从句中以do的某个形式代替主句中的谓语部分。例如： 7 C. instead of D. rather than She speaks English as well as her sister does.她的英语说得和她姐姐一样好。 not so(as)as 表示“不如那样”时，常用not so(as)形容词 She is very good at painting. She can paint _ her teacher. A. as better as B 经典句型 1. but it was still too dark to see anythi
25、ng. “too to”意为“太以致不能”，表示具有否定意义的结果。too后接形容词或副词表示否定的原因，后面的to十动词原形表示否定的内容。 Im too tired to go any farther.我太累了，不能再向前走了。 “tooto”以肯定的形式表达了否定的意义，以简单句的结构表达了复合句的内容，这个结构可转换为“sothatnot”句型。 The woman is too old to get on the bus. The woman is so old that she cant get on the bus. “tooto”结构也可以用反义的形容词转换为“enough t
26、o”结构。 The room is too small to hold so many people. The room isnt big enough to hold so many people. “tooto”结构中，too后的形容词若修饰单数可数名词。需要加的不定冠词a (an)要放在形容8 B. as well as C. as good as D. so well as 词之后和名词之前。 Its too cold a day to have a swim. 当“tooto”结构中不定式的逻辑主语是动作的执行者，若需要时则由for引出。 The box is too heavy f
27、or the boy to carry. (四川省内江市) 1. Lucy was _ excited _ say anything when she heard the good news . A. so; that C 2. I often laugh when I see my grandma learning pop songs But she says，“One is never old to learn A. too B. so C. very D. quite A 2. How did people move these huge pieces of stone from so
28、far? so far表示“到目前为止”“至今”等(=until now)，通常与现在完成时连用。例如： We havent had any trouble so far. 到上前为止，我们还没有遇到任何麻烦。 So far the work has been easy but things may change. 到目前为此，这工作还很容易，但情况可能有变化。 有时可用一般现在时(尤其是某些状态动词)。例如： So far, it is only talk. 至今还只是空谈。 表示“到这种程度或范围”，根据情况选用适当时态。例如： I can only help him so far. 我只
29、能帮他到这种程度。 Although this village isnt big, all the other villages I _ so far are smaller. A. visited B 3. I dont think so. 此句主要用来表示对某事的看法。当不同意对方的观点和看法时用它。so是代词，代替上文所说之9 B. so; to C. too; to B. have visited C. would visit 事。 Can you carry the heavy box？你能搬动这个重箱子吗？ Sorry, I dont think so. 对不起，我想我搬不动。 反
30、义句：I think so. 我认为是这样的。当同意对方的观点或看法要说这句话。 Is this your computer？这是你的电脑吗？ I think so.我想是的。 (黄冈罗田县第一中) Excuse me, is this seat taken ? _. That man got his books and left a few minutes ago. A. Im afraid so B. I dont think so C. I dont know D. I hope not B 二、知识全练 第一部分 基础知识运用 一、词汇。 A)请根据句意及所给汉语提示，写出句中所缺单词
31、(每空一词)。 1. The Great Wall is one of the seven _(奇迹) of the world. 2. Milk is the _(天然的) food for young babies. 3. The doctor keeps a _(记录) of all the serious illnesses. 4. Their _(参加) into the war changed the whole situation. 5. There are many _(差别) between the twin sisters. B)用所给单词的正确形式填空。 6. The c
32、hildren enjoyed the _(free) of the school holidays. 7. The old man was still _(live) after twenty-eight. 8. They like _(advertise) which show women in office, planes, and cars. 9. Could you show us your new _(invite)? 10.She looks _(usual) today. What happened to her? 二、选择填空。 1. Do you have any plan
33、s for your summer vacation? 10 I am _ for London next Sunday. A. going to B. leaving C. will go D. will leave 2. Why dont you play basketball with us? _. A. Yes, I have B. Thats right C. I think it D. A good idea 3. Hello, this is Lily speaking. Could I speak to Mr. Black? Sorry. He _ Beijing for a
34、meeting. A. has been to B. went to C. has gone to D. will go to 4. We should love animals? _. They are our friends. A. I disagree B. I agree C. I dont think so D. Im afraid not 5. Usually computers _ to search the Internet. A. use B. are using C. are used D. used 6. Would you help me _ this math pro
35、blem, Mr. Lin? Its too hard for me. OK. Let me try. A. look after B. work out C. think of D. put on 7. A new bridge was _ over the river last year. A. set up B. came up C. made up D. cleaned up 8. Teenagers should _ spend time with friends. A. allowed to B. allowed for C. be allowed D. be allowed to
36、 9. Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? _ is OK. Im free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None 10. Whats the weather like today? It is _ warm _ yesterday. A. sothat B. notuntil C. asas D. tooto 11. Its raining heavily outside. What shall we do next? I think we have to sta
37、y at home _ going fishing. A. instead of B. because of C. would rather D. thanks to 12. The window is broken. Try to _ who broke it. ( P. 45 ) 11 A. find out B. find C. look D. look for 13. It is helpful for us to _ the newspapers. A. look for B. look after C. look through D. look up 14.When you see
38、 the sign _ in a public place, you mustnt smoke. 15. May I borrow your bike? Certainly. _. A. Here are you B. Here it is C. Thank you D. Youre welcome 三、根据汉语完成下列句子，每空一词。 1.据说贝加尔湖是世界自然景观之一。 It is said that Lake Baikal _. 2.明年我们有可能到埃及去看金字塔。 We _ the Great Pyramids in Egypt next year. 3.汤姆长大后想当教练。 Tom
39、wants to be a coach _. 4.吸烟有害于您的健康。 Smoking will _ your health. 5.该饭店坐落于市区的边缘。 The hotel lies _ the town. 四、完成对话。 A)请根据上下文情景从方框中选出恰当的选项完成对话(其中有两项是多余的)。 A: Can you tell me a little about Mexico City? B: (1)_ What would you like to know? A: Well, whats a good time to visit? B: (2)_ The weather is alwa
40、ys nice. A: Oh, good! (3)_ B: Well, you should visit the National Museum and go to the Palace of the Fine Arts. A: (4)_ 12 B: Oh, you shouldnt miss The Pyramid of the Sun. (5)_ A: It all sounds really exciting. A. And what should I see there? B. Of course not. C. What else? D. Anytime. E. Sure I can
41、. F. Would you like to go somewhere? G. Its very interesting. B)根据对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意义连贯、完整。 A: Hi, Bruce. Good news for you. B: (6)_? A: You won the first prize in the English competition. B: Wow! Im so glad to hear that. (7)_? A: Our English teacher did. She said three of the students in ou
42、r class won the prize. B. What about you? A: (8)_, too. I think I was lucky this time. B: Oh, so great! Congratulations! A: Its a great day for us today. Lets go out and relax ourselves, shall we? B: Good idea. But (9)_? A: To the park, OK? B: All right But I have to go home and tell my mother first
43、. See you later. A: (10)_. 第二部分 综合能力提升 五、完形填空。 请先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从所给的四个选项中选出最佳的一项填空，使短文意思完整通顺。 Martha loves to run. In high school, she won many races. Now, at the 13 age thirty-three, running is a big part of her job. So are swimming and bicycling. Martha is a professional athlete(职业运动员). She competes
44、 in triathlons (三项全能). A triathlon is a special kind of race. A triathlon has 1 parts. First, there is a long swim. Then the athletes come out of the water and ride their bikes. When they finish 2 their bikes, they have to run. It is 3 very difficult sports competition. Three years ago. Martha went to Hawaii. She joined athletes from around the world. They competed in the famous Ironman Triathlon there. First, the athletes 4 almost a mile in the ocean. Then they rode 112 miles 5 bike. 6 they ran a 26.2-mile race. Martha did very 7 .
