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1、北师大模块一unit各课知识点汇总北师大版高一英语 Module1 Unit1 Lifestyles 学案 Warm-up 1. matter n. & v. 1) n. 物质 e.g. Matter is primary and mind secondary. 物质是第一位的，精神是第二位的。 The desk is a solid matter. 桌子是一种固体物质。 事情 e.g. the heart / root of the matter 事情的根本 the matter in hand / under discussion 手头上的事 / 正在讨论的事 Its no laughin
2、g matter. 这不是开玩笑的事。 I dont discuss private matters with my colleagues. 我不和同事讨论私事。 We have several important matters to deal with at our next meeting.在我们下次会议上有几件重要的事要处理。 毛病，麻烦事 (the ) e.g. Whats the matter with the machine? 这台机器有什么毛病？ Nothing is the matter with me.(= There is the matter with me. 我没事。
3、) 2) v. 要紧，有关系 e.g. What they said matters little. 他们所说的没什么要紧。 What does it matter? 这要紧吗？ It doesnt matter if I miss my train.如果我错过了火车，这没什么关系。 Does it matter if were a bit late? 如果我们迟到一会要紧吗？ It is no matter to me what you do . (= It doesnt matter to me what you do.)你做什么与我没有关系。 相关短语： no matter+ wheth
4、er /疑问词 无论 e.g. Dont open the door, no matter who comes. 无论谁来了，都不要开门。 Dont trust him, no matter what he says. 无论他说什么，都别相信他。 No matter where you go, Ill follow you. 无论你去哪儿，我都跟着你。 No matter whether it will rain or not, we have decided to leave at six in the morning. 无论天是否下雨，我们都决定早上六点钟离开。 a matter of 一
5、件的事 / 问题 e.g. Its a matter of life and death. 这是有关生死的问题。 make matters worse 使情况更糟糕的是 e.g. Her attempts to calm them down only made matters worse. 2. suppose vt. 1) 认为，猜想 e.g. What makes you suppose that Im against it? 什么使得你认为我反对此事？ I dont suppose hell agree, or Im sure he wont agree. 我认为他不会同意的。 What
6、 do you suppose he wanted? 你认为他想要什么？ It was generally supposed that it would not happen again. 一般认为这事不会再发生了。 The painting was widely supposed to have been lost during the war. 这幅画普遍被认为在战争中已丢失了。 Shell be there today, I suppose. 她今天会在那儿的，我认为。 “Will he come?” “Yes, I suppose so. / No, I dont suppose so
7、. / I suppose not.” 2) 假定，假设 e.g. Suppose that the news is true; what then? 假设这消息是真的，那又怎样呢？ Suppose you had a million pounds - how would you spend it? 假设你有一百万英镑，你会怎样花它？ 近义表达法：supposing (= if) 如果，假设 e.g. Supposing that it rains, can we play the match indoors? 如果明天下雨的话，我们能在室内打比赛吗？ 相关短语：be supposed to
8、do sth. (= be expected to do sth.) 被期望做某事 / 应该做某事 e.g. Youre supposed to pay the bill by Friday. 你应该在周五前付了帐。 Youre not supposed to play football in the classroom. 你不应该在教室里踢足球。 They were supposed to be here an hour ago. 他们应该在一小时以前到达。 Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or just this one? 我是应该打扫完所有的房间
9、还是只这一间？ Lesson 1 3. complain v. 抱怨，投诉 e.g. She complained to me about his rudeness. 她向我抱怨他的粗鲁。 He complained that his meal was cold. 他抱怨说他的饭菜冷了。 Our next door neighbor said hed complain about us to the police if we made any more noise. 我们隔壁的邻居说如果我们再弄出噪音的话，他将向警方投诉。 She complained of his carelessness.
10、(= She complained that his carelessness caused her a lot of trouble.) 派生词：complaint n. 抱怨，诉苦，怨言；不适，疾病 e.g. He poured out his complaints before me. 他在我面前诉苦。 The workers made a list of their complaints. 工人们列出了他们的抱怨。 4. switch n. & v. 1) n. 开关，电门，转换器；转变，改变 e.g. press the on / off switch, a switch from
11、gas to electricity, make a switch fromto 2) v. 转换，改变 e.g. He switched one argument for another. 他改变了他的论点，转到另一个论点上了 They switched the train to the other track. 他们将火车转到了另一个轨道上。 He switched the lights from green to red. 他将灯从绿色转变成了红色。 相关短语：switch on接通电流，开 switch off 切断电源 switch over 转换频道，转变 e.g. Dont sw
12、itch the radio on yet. Parents and children should switch roles with each other at times. You drive first and then well switch over. When you leave the room, please switch off the gas. 5. go off 离开；爆炸，突然发出响声；断电，停止供应 e.g. Why did the painter leave his family and go off to live on a tropical island? 为
13、什么这位画家离开了家住到了一个热带岛屿上？ The pain went off after three treatments. 在三个小时的治疗后，疼痛消失了。 The power went off in several parts of the country during the high wind. 大风期间，这个乡村的好几处地方断了电。 Im sorry Im late; I overslept because my alarm clock didnt go off. 很抱歉我迟到了。我睡过了头，因为我的闹钟没有响。 6. take up 1) 拿起 2）占去 3）开始从事，开始对感兴
14、趣 e.g. Take care not to take up the hot coals with your bare hands. 小心别徒手拿热的煤。 This old tree will have to be taken up by its roots. 这棵老树将被连根拔起。 That big clock will have to be moved; it takes up too much space in the small hall. Writing in another language demands so much effort that it takes up all
15、my attention. 用另一种语言写作要求付出很多的努力，以致于它花费了我所有的注意力。 When does the Minister take up his office? 这位部长什么时候就职？ When did Jane first take up music? 简是什么时候开始对音乐感兴趣的？ 7. fill vt./vi 使充满；注入 Flowers filled the garden. 花园里开满鲜花。 The doctor filled the bottle with some medicine.医生往瓶里装入一些药物。 be filled with充满 Her eyes
16、are filled with tears.她眼里满含泪水。 8. be /get bored厌倦 , 厌烦 Im getting bored and homesick. 我感到厌倦了，有点想家。 Im bored with the subject anyway. 不管怎么说我对这个题目有点烦。 Lesson 2 9. suffer v. 1) vt. 经历，遭受 suffer pain / defeat / losses 遭受痛苦 / 失败 / 损失 2) vi. 受苦，感到疼痛/不适/悲伤等 suffer from headaches / loss of memory 由于头疼 / 失忆而
17、痛苦 e.g. We all have to suffer at some time in our lives. 在我们的一生中免不了有受苦的时候。 He couldnt suffer criticism. 他受不了批评。 He suffered cruel oppression in the old society. 他在旧社会受到残酷压迫。 10. reduce vt. & vi. 减少，降低；使成为 e.g. The fire reduced the forest to a few trees. 大火将这片森林烧得只剩几棵树。 This experienced editor is sai
18、d to be able to reduce the misprints to almost zero. 这位有经验的编辑据说能将错误印刷率降低到几乎为零。 The poor woman is reduced to begging. 这位可怜的妇女沦落到了乞讨的境地。 The house was reduced to ashes. 这房子被烧成了灰。 He was reduced to nothing. 他瘦得不成样子。 11. diet n. 饮食 比较： diet, food diet 是指一种特定的饮食习惯或一种规定的饮食，如素食，病人吃的某些食品。 e.g. be / go on a
19、diet 节食 a meat / vegetable diet 荤食 / 素食 The doctor ordered him a diet without sugar. 医生命令他吃无糖食品。 The Irish used to live on a diet of potatoes. 爱尔兰人过去靠土豆为主食。 Proper diet and exercise are both important for health. 适当的饮食和锻炼对健康都是重要的。 food 多作不可数名词，指可食用的所有东西，偶尔也可作可数名词。 e.g. food and drink 饮食 mental food
20、精神食粮 canned food 罐装食品 Milk is the natural food for young babies. 牛奶对于婴儿来说是天然食品。 We always get lots of food there, but they never give us much to drink. 我们总能从那儿得到很多食物，但他们从不给我们很多喝的东西。 Too many sweet foods, like cakes and chocolates may increase your weight. 太多的甜食，象蛋糕和巧克力，可能会 增加你的体重。 12. prefer v. 宁愿 常
21、用结构：prefer A to B 喜欢A胜过喜欢B prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事 prefer doing A to doing B 喜欢做A胜过喜欢做B prefer that-clause (从句用should + v.) 宁愿 prefer to do A rather than do B e.g. Which would you prefer，tea or coffee? 咖啡和茶，你更喜欢哪一种？ People in the south prefer rice while those in the north prefer food made from
22、 flour. 南方人爱吃米饭，而北方人较喜欢吃面食。 I prefer to walk there. (= I prefer walking there. ) 我宁愿步行去那儿。 He chose Spain，but personally I/d prefer to go to Greece. 他选了西班牙，但就我个人而言，我倒想去希腊。 He said he preferred the country to the city. 他说城市和乡村相比，他更喜欢农村。 The soldier preferred to die rather than give in before the enem
23、y. 这位战士宁愿死，也不在敌人面前屈服。 Id prefer you not to go there alone. 我倒希望你不要单独去那儿。 We prefer that they(should)do it in a different way. 我倒希望他们用另一种方法去做。 13. stand n. & v. 1）n. 架，摊，台 e.g. a coat stand 衣架 a news stand 报摊 a market stand 市场摊位 2）vi. 站立 e.g. stand on one foot 单脚站立 She was too weak to stand. 她太虚弱，站立不
24、住。 A chair will not stand on two legs. 两条腿的椅子无法站立。 Stand still while I take your photograph. 当我给你拍照时，你站着别动。 After the bombing only a few houses were left standing. 爆炸之后，只有几栋房子依然挺立。 3) vt. 使直立；竖直放置 e.g. Dont stand cans of petrol near the fire. 别把汽油罐放在火边。 Stand the ladder against the wall. 把梯子靠墙放着。 忍受
25、 (= bear; put up with) e.g. He cant stand hot weather. 他无法忍受炎热的天气。 She said she couldnt stand such foolish behavior. 她说她无法忍受这样愚蠢的行为。 She couldnt stand to be told what to do. 她无法忍受被告知该做什么。 He cant stand being kept waiting. 他无法忍受等待。 I cant stand him interrupting all the time. 我无法忍受他一直打扰。 4) link v. 处于
26、 e.g. The house has stood empty for months. 这房子一直空了好几个月。 Lesson 3 & 4 1. make a decision to do sth.决定做某事 decide v. decision n. decisive adj. 决定性的; 明确的; 决定做某事： Decide to do sth. We decided to put off the trip to the US.我们决定推迟美国之行。 Decide that(从句用should do,should可省略) We decide that we should widen the
27、 road.我们决定拓宽这条路。 Make a decision to do sth. He has made a decision to buy a new computer.他已经决定买一台新电脑。 Make up ones mind to do sth. The doctor made up his mind to go aboard for further education.那位医生决定出国深造。 Determine to do sth We have determined to get the work done before National Day.我们已决定国庆节前完成这项工
28、作。 Be determined to do sth. He is determined to give up smoking.他决心戒烟。 一句多译。 这位年轻科学家决心继续自己的研究。 The young scientist decided to go on with his research. The young scientist decided that he should go on with his research. The young scientist made a decision to go on with his research. The young scienti
29、st made up his mind to go on with his research. The young scientist determined to go on with his research. The young scientist is determined to go on with his research. 2. graduate from从毕业 be different from与不同 different adj. difference n. make a difference产生差别，有影响，起重要作用 make no difference没有影响 differ
30、 v. differ from不同于; 和.不同; 和.意见不一致 differently adv. 他的意见和我的完全不同。 His opinion is entirely different from mine. His opinion differs entirely from mine. 你选择哪一个，事关重大。It makes a difference which you choose. 不管你去还是不去，对我没有影响。It makes no difference to me whether you go or not. 2. be proud of sth/sb.以为骄傲，以.为荣
31、; 以.自豪 proud adj. as proud as a peacock 像孔雀那样骄傲; pride n/v. be proud of = take pride in以为骄傲，以.为荣; 以.自豪 pride oneself on/upon 以自豪， 夸耀 她感到自豪。 She is proud of herself. She takes pride in herself. 她妈妈以她为荣。 Her mother is proud of her daughter. Her mother takes pride in her daughter. 他以会说法语而自豪。 He prides
32、himself on his ability to speak French. Sentences 1. Its my duty to do something for students in poor areas. It is +n. to do sth.(it 形式主语to do sth.真正的主语) It is +adj. to do sth. 帮助他人是件好事。It is good to help others. 照料那位病人是我的职责。It is my duty to care for that patient. 掌握一门外语不是件容易的事。 It is not an easy th
33、ing to master a foreign language. 在别人背后说坏话是不对的。It isnt right to speak ill of someone behind his back. 上网是件令人兴奋的事。It is exciting to surf the Internet. 2. Thats why I made the decision to go.这就是我决定去的原因。 Thats the reason why I made the decision to go. the reason why 此句型意为“的理由”。why 是关系副词，由“介系词关系代名词which
34、”变化而成，引导形容词子句，修饰名词。可保留why，而将前面的名词省略；也可将why省略。the reason why无非限定用法，即why之前不可以加逗点。 Thats (the reason) why he cried.那就是他为何哭的原因。 Thats (the reason) why I am here.那就是我在这里的原因。 Thats (the reason) why you go away.那就是你离开的原因。 3. They are said to be very good students.据说他们是非常优秀的学生。 = It is said that they are ve
35、ry good students. Sb. be said to be. It is/was said that sb. bePeople say that Sb. be reported to be. It is/was reported that sb. be People report that Sb. be believed to be. It is/was believed that sb. bePeople believe that He was said to be very formal, rigid and hopelessly out of date. =It was sa
36、id that he was very formal, rigid and hopelessly out of date. 据说有100多个人在这次事故中受伤. It was said that more than 100 people were injured in this accident. More than 100 people were said to be injured in this accident. People say that more than 100 people were injured in this accident. 将来时补充练习 用所给的词的适当形式填
37、空 1 Tomorrow will be / is (be) Sunday. 2 -Look, the lights in the classroom are still on. - I will go (go) and turn them off. 3 The film is going to be shown/ is to be shown (show) this Sunday. 4 There are too many people in the boat. It is going to sink.(sink) 5 Dont go out. The meeting is about to
38、 begin.(begin) 6 -What would you do if it rains (rain) tomorrow? -We have to carry it on, since weve got everything ready. 7 -Did you tell Julie about the result? -Oh, no, I forgot. I will call (call) her now. 8 Turn on the television or open a magazine and you will often see (see) advertisement sho
39、wing happy families. 9 Lets keep to the point or we will never reach (reach) any decision. lesson4 Passage 1 1.(Line 1) by时间 在前 例句：我们必须7点前回到教室。 We must come into the classroom by 7 oclock. 1)表示位置：“在旁边，靠近”，表示此意时，常可与beside换用。如： Some are drawing bythe lake 2)表示时间：“到为止，不迟于”，常与过去完成时连用，当by引导的是未来的时间状语时，可用一
40、般将来时。如： How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? Your son will be all right by supper time 3)表示旅行、运输等的路线、工具或方法：“由，经，乘通过”。如： Every day he went there by train The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing 4)与反身代词oneself连用，表示独自、单独或没有人帮助。如： I cant leave her by hers
41、elf 5)用于被动结构中，意为“由、被”。如： The pupils were given some advice by the pianist 6)用于某些固定短语中。如： by the way顺便，顺便问一下 by and by不久以后 little by little逐渐地 by hand用手 2. (Line 4) It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间 例句：我要花30分钟回家。 It takes me 35 minutes to go back home. 3. (Line 5) so+a./ad. + that such + n
42、. + that 例句： Lucy is so lovely a girl that we all like her. Lucy is such a lovely girl that we all like her. Line 9 sb. spend sometime/ some money (in) doing sth. sb. spend sometime/some money on sth. 例句： I spent 35 minutes (in) finishing my homework. =I spent 35 minutes on the homework I spent 12 y
43、uan (in) buying this book. =I spent 12 yuan on this book. 4.(Line 21) fanatic 入迷的人 例句： I like watching TV very much, so my mother calls me a “TV fanatic”. 5. (Line 25) far away from 远离 例句： My hometown is far away from my school, so I have to live in the school. Passage 2 1. (Line 11) need: 1)情态动词， +
44、V原 We need some books for our study. 2)实意动词, sb. need to do sth. sth. need to be done = sth. need doing 例句：We need to give him a chance. I need money to save my mother. The bike needs to be repaired/repairing . 2. (Line 12) sheep，fish, deer, Chinese 单复同形 一只绵羊 a sheep 两只绵羊 two sheep 一条鱼 a fish 十条鱼ten
45、 fish There are threeand sevenin the picture. A deers, sheeps B deers, sheep C deer, sheep D deer, sheeps C 3. (Line 20) be interested in sth./ doing sth. 对感兴趣 例句： I am very interested in this book. I am very interested in reading this book. interested a. 感兴趣的 interesting a.令人感兴趣的 4. (Line 24) get/h
46、ave the chance to do sth. 获得/有做某事的机会 例句：Jane has got the chance to do this project. 5. (Line 26) take/have a break= have a rest 休息一会 You must be very tired, please stop working and take a good break 6. (Line 31) especially “特别地，尤其是” 一般修饰a., prep或状语从句 前面一般用“，”隔开 specially ”特意地，专门地“ 一般用在to do或for前，强调目的 例句： I like the kite you specially made for me. She likes the country, especially in spring.
