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1、法律英语教程 齐筠 课后答案Unit One Legal System Listening I. c a d a b II. statutes, constitutions, cite, interpreted, civil, cases, liability, created, modified, repealed Text A. Building up your vocabulary I. Match the items in the following two columns A-civil law b-code c-validity d-jurisdiction e-cluster f
2、-decree g-codification h-statute i-parliament j-legislature II. Fill in the blanks: 1. subdivision 2. maxim 3. federal 4. enforcement 5. statutes 6. precedent 7. Legislation 8.Stare decisis 9. legal ,legal 10. judicial , judicial Cloze Documents lawsuit trial attorneys advisors, Clients juries alter
3、native practice representation Translation 1. 根据美国宪法，联邦*分为行政、立法和司法三大部门，每个部门都被认为是独立的，并且能够相互制衡。 2. 通常有三类案件可以到达最高法院，即：牵涉到诉讼当事人分属不同的州的案件，牵涉到解释联邦法案的案件和解释美国宪法的案件。 3. 大律师事务所的律师平均收入最高；他们常常代理那些最有钱且最有社会地位的当事人；而且同高层次的法官和*官员有着密切的联系。个人执业者和小律师事务所的律师收入最低，代理那些既没钱又没社会地位的当事人，而且主要同最低级别的法院和行政机构打交道。 4. 州立大学的法学院倾向于集中在一些传
4、统的法律课程上：契约、侵权行为、宪法、诉讼程序、财产、遗嘱、信托与遗产、公司、合伙、代理、国际法、海商法、劳动法、行政法；私立法学院由于规模略小且师生人数比例一般较大，故有条件开设品种更多的课程，在新的、开拓中的领域尤其如此。这些私立法学院的课程目录中都列有诸如精神病学与法学、法学与社会学、城市法、贫困法、环境法、城市财政、土地规划等方面的课程或研讨班。 5. 英美法系的法官比起他们大陆法系的同行们来威信更高，其部分原因在于人们一般都觉得只有较优秀的律师才能当得上法官。尽管任命和遴选有其政治背景，这一结论恐怕还是大致符合实际情况的。 Text B Check Your Understandin
5、g. 1 1. T 2. F 3. F 4.T 5.F 6.T 7.T 8.F 9.F 10.T Building up your vocabulary. I. Give the corresponding translation of each of the following terms. English Chinese jurisdiction 司法权 writ of certiorari 诉讼文件案卷调取令 session 开庭 Circuit court 巡回法庭 Claims Court 求偿法院 petition 诉状 arbiter 仲裁者 felony 重罪 Appellat
6、e Courts 上诉法院 conviction 定罪 misdemeanors 轻罪 II. Put the following terms into Chinese. Probate or surrogates courts遗嘱检验法庭 juvenile courts少年法庭 Tax Court税务法院 Court of International Trade国际贸易法院 Bankrupcy Courts破产法院 appellate court巡回法院 Attorney General司法部长 Court of Military Appeals军事上诉法院 The Corut of Vet
7、erans Appeals退伍军人上诉法院 Trial court受理法院 Translation 1. The National Peoples Congress (NPC) is the highest institution of state power and together with its permanent body - the Standing Committee of the NPC, exercises the legislative power of the state. 2. The NPC Standing Committees power of legislati
8、on is not without restraints. Compared with the legislative power of the NPC, the Standing Committee may not amend the Constitution. But it is authorized: (1) to interpret the Constitution and supervise its enforcement; (2) to enact and amend laws, with the exception of those which should be enacted
9、 by the NPC; (3) to partially supplement and amend, when the NPC is not in session, laws enacted by the NPC provided that the basic principles of these laws are not contravened; (4) to interpret laws. 3. In accordance with the structure of the lawmaking powers, Chinese law can be divided into four l
10、evels, i.e., the Constitution, laws adopted by the NPC and its Standing Committee, administrative regulations adopted by the State Council and local regulations by the peoples congresses of provinces, autonomous regions and cities. 2 4. General laws include the Constitution, the General Principles o
11、f Civil Law, the Civil Procedure Law, and the Criminal Law etc. Special legislation include legislation dealing with foreign investments, such as the Joint Venture Law, the Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprises Law, the Foreign Economic Contract Law, and legislation governing matters such as registration
12、 of business, labor and management, taxation, exchange control, financial matters, customs duties etc. Unit Two CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Listening I.Spot dictation. Declaration, human, political, assume, nature, impel, self-evident, Creator, unalienable, institute, Prudence, abolishing , throw off , usurp
13、ations II. Compound dictation. a fundamental right the right to be left alone no explicit guarantee of privacy in the Constitution source of privacy secured by the First Amendment unreasonable searches and seizures TEXT A Building up your vocabulary I. Match the items in the following two columns. 1
14、.k 2.g 3.b 4.f 5.j 6.l 7.h 8.a 9.e 10.d 11.c 12.i II.Fill in the blanks 1. ascertaining, 2. statutory interpretation. 3. prolixity, a ready solution 4. power of the purse, commander-in-chief 5. checks and balances 6. unreasonable searches and seizures 7. standing 8. elimination of racial discriminat
15、ion, accommodation, badges of servitude 3 Cloze commitment, majority, To that end, .a democratic society, Litigants, preferential treatment, strict neutrality, at taxpayer expense, violating, state legislatures, ruled Translation 任何人恶意或故意地以过高或异常的噪音，以喧闹或无理的行为，以威胁、诽谤、争吵、挑衅、斗殴行为扰乱周围地区或个人的宁静或平静；或在非自治乡镇的
16、街道或公路上为赌博或娱乐进行赛马，在这样的乡镇开枪，在妇女儿童面前或可听到的范围内大声使用粗俗、亵渎、或不雅的语言，均构成轻罪。经由有资格管辖的法院判决，应处以不超过200元的罚金，或不超过90天的县监狱监禁，或者可并处罚金与监禁，或由法院自由裁量，二择其一。 TEXT B Check your understanding 1 T 2 F 3 T 4 T 5 F 6 F 7 F 8 T 9 T 10 F 11 F 12 T Building up your vocabulary I. Give the English Version to the following legal terms.
17、English Chinese Freedom of speech, press, and assembly 言论、出版、与集会自由 Right of privacy 隐私权 Racial discrimination 种族歧视 The right to trial by jury 接受陪审团审判的权利 Judicial review Minority right Right to legal equality racial diversity Freedom of religious exercise Right to counsel / an attorney 司法审查 少数民族的权利 平
18、等权 种族的多样性 宗教信仰自由 聘请律师辩护的权利 4 Unlawful detention, deprivation, or restriction Civil rights personal dignity constitutionality suffrage privilege against self-incrimination association, procession and demonstration The Bill of Rights unlawful search of the person of citizens amendment 非法拘禁、剥夺或者限制 公民权利
19、 人格尊严 合宪性 选举权；投票权 反对自我归罪的权利 结社、游行、示威权 权利法案 非法搜查公民的身体 修正案 2. Put the following terms into Chinese: direct democracy 直接民主 checks and balances相互制衡 voting qualifications投票资格 amending process of the Constitution宪法的修正程序 due process正当程序 the right to bear arms持枪权 the doctrine of constitutional supremacy 宪法至
20、上原则 process of impeachment 弹劾程序 personal stake 个人利害关系 two-chamber legislature 两院立法机构 judiciary司法制度；司法体系；司法机构 the separation of legislative, executive and judicial powers 立法、行政、司法权的分立 Translation 1. Article 33 Anybody who holds the nationality of the Peoples Republic of China is a citizen of the Peop
21、les Republic of China. All citizens of the Peoples Republic of China are equal before the law. Every citizen has the rights and at the same time shall perform the duties prescribed by the Constitution and the laws. 2. Article 34 Citizens of the Peoples Republic of China whoever have reached the age
22、of 18 have the right to vote and stand for election, regardless of ethnic status, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education, property status or length of residence, except persons deprived of political rights according to law. 3. Article 35 Citizens of the Peoples Republi
23、c of China enjoy freedom of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, of procession and of demonstration. 4. Article 36 Citizens of the Peoples Republic of China enjoy freedom of religious belief. No state organ, public organization or individual may compel citizens to believe in, or not be
24、lieve in, any religion; nor may they discriminate against citizens who believe in, or do not believe in, any religion. The state protects normal religious activities. No one may make use of religion to engage in activities that disrupt public order, impair the health of citizens or 5 interfere with
25、the educational system of the state. Religious bodies and religious affairs are not subject to any foreign domination. 5. Article 37 Freedom of the person of citizens of the Peoples Republic of China is inviolable. No citizens may be arrested except with the approval or by decision of a peoples proc
26、uratorate or by decision of a peoples court, and arrests must be made by a public security organ. Unlawful detention or deprivation or restriction of citizens freedom of the person by other means is prohibited, and unlawful search of the person of citizens is prohibited. 6. Article 38 The residences
27、 of citizens of the Peoples Republic of China are inviolable. Unlawful search of, or intrusion into, a citizens residence is prohibited. Unit Three Criminal Law Warming-up Exercises. I. F, T, T, F, T, F, F IIcriminal, damages, distinction, wrong, prosecution, victim, against, difference, as, civil T
28、ext A Build up your vocabulary I.Match the items in the following two columns. 1. E 2.G 3. D 4. F. 5.A 6. H 7. I 8. J 9. B 10. C II.Fill in the Blanks . 1.unishable 2.statutes 3.imposition 4. violation 5. committed 6.prosecution 7.substantive 8.felonies 9.jurisdiction 10.liable Cloze statut, accused
29、, jurisdiction, property, commit, criminal, fraud, constitute, prosecution offense, enactment, Translation 1根据标准刑法典的规定，故意的意思是：当若一个要件含有行为人行为的性质或结果，他的主观目的则是从事该性质的行为或造成该结果；以及若一个要件含有若干伴随情形，他则意识到该等情形的存在并且相信或希望该等6 情形存在时，一个人的行为构成针对一重要要件的行为意图。 2布莱克斯通把重罪仅仅界定为一种由社会共同承担抓捕罪犯责任的制度，该制度是威廉一世为保护入侵敌对国家的诺曼第人而设立，在英国一直
30、持续到17世纪。 3同一行为常常同时构成刑事犯罪和民事不法行为，最突出的表现是，在控告不成或作出不控告决定后，受害人或其家庭会对所指称的加害人提出民事诉讼要求损害赔偿；但我们仍然可以提出将一个行为作为刑事犯罪加以定义和对待和将其作为民事不法行为加以定义和对待的区别是什么。 4对犯罪定义的规定的一般目的是： (1) 禁止和阻止对个人或公共利益的不正当和没有理由的侵害或潜在的实质性的损害的行为； (2) 置行为显示其有可能犯罪的人于公众监控之下； (3) 保证无过错行为不被宣判刑事违法； (4) 对公布构成犯罪的行为的性质给予合理的提示； (5) 合理区分重罪和轻罪。 Text B Check Y
31、our Understanding 1T 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. F 8.T Build up Your Vocabulary I Give the corresponding translation of each of the following terms: English Chinese legal consequence 法律后果 strict liability 严格责任 mistake of fact 事实错误 minor 未成年人 crime of negligence 过失犯罪 civil damages 民事损害赔偿 motive 动机 ma
32、terial matter 重要事项 Guilty minds 犯意 specific intent 特定故意 II. Put the following terms into Chinese: 1. grading systems 分级制 2. first degree murder 一级谋杀 3. retributive sentence 惩罚性刑法 4. aggravated assault 严重伤害 5. peremptory challenges 绝对回避 6. presumption of innocence 无罪推定 7. case at bar 正在审理中的案件 7 8. ca
33、se of first impression 未有先例的案件 9. verdict of acquittal 无罪裁决 10. verdict of guilty 有罪裁决 Translation 1. Under Article 231 of Criminal Law of the Peoples Republic of China, whoever uses on identical commodities the trademark which is identical to the registered trademark without the permit of the regis
34、trant shall be sentenced to up-to-three-year imprisonment or criminal detention, or may be concurrently or exclusively be sentenced to a fine if the circumstances are serious, and shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of more than three years but not more than seven years and a fine concurre
35、ntly if the circumstances are particularly serious. 2 If an act in fact results in harmful consequences due to unavoidable or unforeseeable causes rather than intent or negligence, it shall not be deemed a crime. 3 Whoever takes public or private property by force, threat or other methods shall cons
36、titute the crime of property violation and whoever, by means of force or threat, obstructs a state functionary from carrying out his functions according to law shall constitute the crime of disturbing public order. 4 A criminal who is liable for civil damages and is at the same time sentenced to a f
37、ine and whose property is not sufficient to pay the civil damages in full or sentenced to a confiscation of property shall first undertake his liability to the victim for civil compensation Unit Four Criminal Procedure Law Listening I. sentences, conduct, abuse and unfairness, maximum and minimum, p
38、enalty, inmate behavior, liberal and conservative, draft legislation, abandoned. II. (1)Substantive penal law and constitutional law. (2)There is no one single system. (3)Each of the 50 states, as well as the District of Columbia and the central federal government, has its own legislature, penal law
39、s, and criminal justice system (4)The primary responsibility of controlling criminality and defining crime. Text A Building up you vocabulary. I.March the items in the following two columns 1-o, 2-c, 3-p, 4-n , 5- e, 6-a , 7-f , 8- b, 9-m, 10-g , 11-j, 12-i , 13-l , 14-d , 15-h , 16-k II.Fill in the
40、 Blanks with the words or expressions given below. Changing the form if necessary: 8 1. defendant 2. jurisprudence 3. grand jury, government tyranny. 4. prosecution 5. the capital punishment 6. conviction, proceeding 7. self-incrimination, 8. the nature of criminality 9. governmental searches and se
41、izures, 10. adversarial Cloze civil liberty, searches and seizures, vague and broad, government conduct, unlawful, proof, provides, violation, inadmissible, prosecution, coupled, witness, appeared Translation 重要证人的释放或羁押 如果一方递交的正式书面陈述中显示某人的证词在刑事诉讼程序中很重要，而且如果情况表明发传票无法保证该人能出庭作证，审判人员可下令逮捕该人，并依照本章的3142款处
42、置。如果能充分保证该证人能通过庭外作证提供证言，而且如果延时羁押并不一定能防止不公正，那么任何重要证人不得因未满足释放条件而被羁押。遵照联邦刑事诉讼规则，重要证人的释放可适当延期直到获得该证人的庭外作证。 TEXT B Check Your Understanding 1. F 2. T 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. T 7. F 8. F Build Up Your Vocabulary 9 I.Give the corresponding translation of each of the following terms: English Chinese Gui
43、lty verdict 有罪裁定 Criminal procedure 刑事诉讼程序 Double jeopardy 双重危险 Beyond a reasonable doubt 排除合理怀疑 Arraignment 提审，传讯 Right to remain silent 沉默权 Right to speedy trial 快速审判权 Death sentence with a reprieve/ death sentence 死刑缓期执行 with a say of execution Voir dire 选陪审员，预先审核陪审员 Termination of action 诉讼终结 He
44、aring 听审，听证 Presumption of innocence 无罪推定 Guilty plea 认罪，有罪答辩 II.Put the following terms into Chinese. dismissing an appeal驳回上诉 appeal against conviction 不服定罪的上诉 counter action 反诉 effect of appeal上诉效力 principal action/ action in chief主诉 private prosecution/oneself action自诉 appellant上诉人 counter-charg
45、e/protest抗诉 protestant抗诉人 complaint/ caption起诉书/案件说明 custody/ detention羁押/拘留 inquisitorial system纠问制度 appeal for mercy诉请宽刑 instituting prosecution提起公诉 bill of prosecution公诉书 10 dossier案卷 brief案情摘要 major case主案件 pending case待决案件 adversary system抗辩制度 defeat suit败诉案件 hot criminal被警方通缉的罪犯 commitment/com
46、mital/detention/custody关押监禁/拘留/羁押 evidentiary presumption证据推定 Translation 1 The aim of the Criminal Procedure Law of the Peoples Republic of China is: to ensure accurate and timely ascertainment of facts about crimes, correct application of law, punishment of criminals and protection of the innocent against being investigated for criminal responsibility; to enhance the citizens awareness of the need to abide by
