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1、现代大学英语4paraphraseLesson One Thinking as a Hobby 1. Nature had endowed the rest of the human race with a sixth sense and left me out. Everybody, except me, is born with the ability to think. 2. You could hear the wind, trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments. His body w
2、ould reel with shock and his face go white at the unaccustomed visitation. He would stagger back to his desk and collapse there, useless for the rest of the morning. You could hear the fresh air struggling with difficulty to find its way to his chest, because he chest seemed to be unhealthy, as drin
3、king had obviously harmed his lungs. He would lose balance and his face would become pale as a result of the unexpected attack of the wind. He would not be able to stand steadily so that he had to fall into the chair, unable to do anything for the rest of the morning. 3. In this instance, he seemed
4、to me ruled not by an invisible and irresistible spring in the neck. In this situation, it seemed that it was not his thought but his natural instinct that ruled him, which he was unable to resist. 4. Technically, it is about as proficient as most businessmens golf, as honest as most politicians int
5、entions, or as coherent as most books that get written. Precisely speaking, it is as incompetent as most businessmens golf, as dishonest as most politicians intentions, or as incoherent as most books that get written. The author holds most businessmen, politicians and writers in contempt; in his eye
6、s, they are incompetent, dishonest and incoherent. 5. They have immense solidarity. We had better respect them, for we are outnumbered and surrounded. They usually represent the great majority. We had better respect them instead of distaining them, because the number of them is much larger than us a
7、nd we are surrounded by them. 6. Man enjoys agreement as cows will gaze all the same way on the side of a hill. It is probably human nature to enjoy agreement because it seems to bring peace, security, comfort, and harmony, which is the same nature that leads cows to gaze in the same manner on the s
8、ide of a hill. 7. To hear our Prime Minister talk about the great benefit we conferred on India by jailing people like Nehru and Gandhi. To hear American politicians talk about peace and refuse to join the League of Nations. Yes, there were moments of delight. The first contradiction I have detected
9、 is to hear that our Prime Minister (the British government) mentioned to offer great benefit to India and meanwhile put India independence-fighters like Nehru and Gandhi into prison. The second contradiction is to hear that American politicians talk about peace but refuse to join the association of
10、 nations to maintain world peace. I get temporary happiness occasionally. 8. I slid my arm around her waist and murmured that if we were counting heads, the Buddhists were the boys for my money. She fled. The combination of my arm and those countless Buddhists was too much for her. I put my arm stea
11、lthily around her waist and said in low voice that if we were talking about the number of people who believe in certain kind of religion, I believe the Buddhists are greater in number. She was frightened and fled away because of my delinquent behavior and our contradictory opinions on religion, whic
12、h are more than she could accept. 9. It was Ruth all over again. I had some very good friends who stood by me, and still do. But my acquaintances vanished, taking the girls with them. What had happened to Ruth and me now happened again. I had still some very close friends supporting me as usual. But
13、 my grade-two thinking frightened away many of my acquaintances. Lesson Three Why Historians Disagree 1. Most students are usually introduced to the study of history by way of a fat textbook and become quickly immersed in a vast sea of names, dates, events and statistics. For most students, they beg
14、in their study of history with a thick textbook in which there are a great number of names, dates and statistics for them to remember. 2. History, which seemed to be a cut-and-dried matter of memorizing “facts”, now becomes a matter of choosing one good interpretation from among many. Historical tru
15、th becomes a matter of personal preference. It seemed that history is a routine of facts-memorizing. Now it becomes to be a about picking a good interpretation out of many available to them. Historical facts become a matter of personal likes or dislikes. 3. They cannot help but feel that two diametr
16、ically opposed points of views about an event cannot both be right; yet they lack the ability to decide between them. They can only feel two completely different viewpoints cant both be right. But they are not able to figure out which is the right one. 4. They will read of the interpretation of the
17、“Zimmerman Note,” in which the German foreign secretary ordered the German minister in Mexico, in the event of war, to suggest an alliance between Germany and Mexico whereby Mexico, with German support, could win back territory taken from Mexico by the United States in the Mexican War. They will fin
18、d out information about the interpretation of the “Zimmerman Note”. In the “Zimmerman Note”, the German foreign secretary issued an order to the German minister in Mexico that in case a war should break out, he makes a proposal to the Mexican government that German and Mexico form an alliance. In th
19、is way, Mexico could get support from the German government to reclaim its territory taken by the U.S. in the Mexican War. 5. Can we eliminate all disagreement? If the state of our knowledge were such that it provided us with a model of unquestioned validity that completely explained human behavior,
20、 we can. Can we get rid of all disagreement? We can if our knowledge could give us a perfect model that is always valid and logically sound to completely explain human behavior. (Unfortunately, no such model has ever existed.) 6. Their common-sense reaction to this state of affairs is to conclude th
21、at one historian is right while the other is wrong. When faces with this situation, their response based on common sense is that one historian is right and the other, wrong. 7. In its broadest sense, history denotes the whole of the human past. In the broad meaning of the word, history refers to the
22、 whole of human past. 8. More restricted is the notion that history is the recorded past, that is, that part of human life which has left some sort of record such as folk tales, artifacts, or written. In a more restricted sense, history is understood as the recorded past. 9. But this does not say en
23、ough. But this does not explain everything. 10. Moreover, they also re-created parts of the past. Like detectives, they piece together evidence to fill in the gaps in the available records. As available records are always incomplete, that is, there are always missing links or gaps in the evidence, h
24、istorians therefore will have to do some guessing to fill in those gaps or find the links. Like detectives, historians also have to rely on deductive and inductive methods. Lesson Four A Drink in the Passage 1.”My parents, and my wifes parents, and our priest, decided that I wasnt feeling up to it.
25、And finally I decided so too.” My parents, my wifes parents and our priest all thought it unwise and risky to attend the ceremony and my poor health condition could be a good excuse. So finally I didnt go, saying that I wasnt feeling well. 2.”Im a sculptor, not a demonstrator.” “Im a sculptor; I don
26、t like the idea of making my going to get the award a political issue.” 3.”In Orlando you develop a throat of iron.” In Orlando if blacks are caught drinking brandy, they would get into trouble. So if they should drink brandy, they would drink very quickly. So gradually, they have come to have a str
27、ong throat like iron. 4.so I thought Id go and see the window, and indulge certain pleasurable human feelings. so I thought that Id go and see the window and enjoy secretly some pleasant feelingsfeelings of pride for my genius. 5. “You know its by one of your own boys, dont you?” Do you know its a p
28、iece of work created by a black man like you? 6. “She knows it wont be an easy life.” “She knows that her child born black will live a hard life in South Africa where apartheid is practiced and black people are discriminated against.” 7. “I didnt feel like a drink at that time of night” I didnt want
29、 to drink because I would be in trouble if the police caught me drinking late at night. 8. He wasnt looking around to see if anyone might be watching. He didnt mind being found with a black man so he didnt look here and there to be sure that nobody saw him with a black. 9. I said unwillingly, “Yes.”
30、 He looked so sincere that I felt that I had to accept his invitation although I knew it was very late. 10. Now I certainly had not expected that I would have my drink in the passage. I wasnt only thinking what you may be thinking I had thought that I would be invited into his apartment and sit down
31、 and drink with him properly. You may think that I thought it an insult to drink in the passage. But I wasnt feeling that way. 11. “Our land is beautiful. But it breaks my heart.” “Our country is beautiful, but it makes me extremely sad.” 12. as though they wantedto touch me somewhere and didnt know
32、 how as if they wanted to follow Gods word and show their compassion and love towards me but they didnt know how they can do it. 13. And I thought it was a pity he was blind, for if men never touch each other, theyll hurt each other one day. I believed that it was a pity that he didnt understand wha
33、t prevented him from understanding us, because if people dont understand and trust each other, they will someday hurt each other. 14. What he was thinking, God knows, but I was thinking he was like a man trying to run a race in iron shoes, and not understanding why he cannot move. I was not able to
34、understand completely what he was thinking at that moment, but I suppose that it was the prejudice in him that prevented him from expressing his love and compassion for blacks like me. Lesson six Groundless Beliefs 1. They rest upon mere tradition , or on somebodys bare assertion unsupported by even
35、 a shadow of proof They are only based on tradition ,or on somebodys assertion , but are not supported even by the least amount of proof . But if the staunchest Roman Catholic and the staunchest Presbyterian had been exchanged when infants , and if they had been brought up with home and all other in
36、fluences reversed , we can have very little doubt what the result would have been . But if they were exchanged when they were infants and brought up in different homes and under different influences , then the staunchest Roman Catholic would be the staunchest Presbyterian , and vice verse .This show
37、s that our beliefs are largely influences by our surroundings . 2. 3. It is consistent with all our knowledge of psychology to conclude that We can make a conclusion according to our knowledge of our psychology . 4. we should remember that the whole history of the development of human thought has be
38、en full of cases of such “obvious truths ”breaking down when examined in the light of increasing knowledge and reason . We still remember that the history of development of human thought are made up to such truths broken down by those new and increasing knowledge . 5. The age-long struggle of the gr
39、eatest intellects in the world to shake off that assumption is one of the marvels of history . It took many scientists of greatest learning hundreds of years to struggle against the assumption that the planets moved in circles . The success of getting rid of that assumption is one of the miracles in
40、 human history . 6. Many modern persons find it very difficult to credit the fact that men can ever have supposed otherwise . Many modern people are hard to believe that people in ancient time had ever thought they were thinking with their hearts . 7. We adopt and cling to some beliefs because- or p
41、artly because -it “pays”us to do so . But , as a rule , the person concerned is about the last person in the world to be able to recognize this in himself . We hold onto some beliefs only because that we can gain some interests in the ideas .But usually the person who holds the idea can not recogniz
42、e it by himself . 8. There is many a man who is unconsciously compelled to cling to a belief because he is a “somebody” in some circle - Many people are forced to accept a belief because he is an important person in a certain group . If he gives up the belief , he would be nothing at all in the group .
