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1、基础知识自测,一、单词拼写 根据读音词性和词义写出单词。1._ 5:n.十几岁的青少年2 _ n.点；分数3._ 5 v.使不安；使心烦4._ 5:v.不理睬；忽视5._:v.（使）平静；（使）镇静6._ 5:v.涉及；关心7._:v.欺骗；作弊8._ v.分享；分担9._ 5 adj.疯狂的；狂热的,teenager,point,upset,ignore,calm,concern,cheat,share,crazy,10._ 5:n.目的；意图11._ 5 adv.完全地；整个地12._ v.信任；信赖13._ 5 v.遭受；经历14._ 5 n.调查表；问卷15._ 5v n.忠告；建议1
2、6._ E5:v.交际；沟通17._ 5 n.习惯；习性18._ 5:n.理由；原因19._ 5 n.自然；自然界20._ 5 n.情形；境遇,entirely,trust,suffer,questionnaire,advice,communicate,habit,reason,nature,situation,purpose,二、单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词，或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.What is the _ for your absence of yesterdays meeting?2.It is a little difficult to _
3、 someone down when he or she is excited.3.A_ to Anne,a true friend is a person whom you can tell everything to.4.My English teacher is very friendly to us.She often gives us some a_ on learning English.,reason,calm,ccording,dvice,5.Was it an accident or was it done on _?6.He was punished by the scho
4、ol because of his _(cheat)in the exam.7.All the people are_ about the growth of the younger generation.8.My naughty son has _ my bag away somewhere,so I cant go to work.9.No matter what he says,dont _ him.Hes not honest.10.It was thundering,so the little girl dared not _(walk)the dog outdoors today.
5、She just played with the dog indoors.,purpose,cheating,concerned,hidden,trust,walk,三、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.When learning English,it is quite important to develop the ability of _(communicate).2.Its quite _(nature)for a person to refuse the offer of help from strangers.3.The headmaster is a _(power)m
6、an.All the teachers and students respect him very much.4.How stupid the emperor was!He was _(cheat)by the two _(cheat).5.The company has a bad reputation.They often lie to the customers.Theyre very _(honest).,communication,natural,powerful,cheated,cheats,dishonest,6.With the help of the government,t
7、he people have recovered from the _(suffer)in the snow disaster.7.He was driving very fast because he was _(ignore)of the speed limit.8.He wrote the _(entirely)novel in only two months.9.The weather has changed suddenly,and we must alter our plans _(according).10.The old lady showed a great deal of
8、_(concern)for her son.,sufferings,ignorant,entire,accordingly,concern,四、词组互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。1._ 将加起来2._ 使平静下来3._ 关心、挂念4._ 一连串的，一系列、一套5._ 与相处，进展6._ 经历、经受7._ 根据8._ 为了9._ 故意10._ 参加，加入,add up,calm down,be concerned about,a series of,get along with,go through,according to,in order to,on purpose,join in,
9、11.be crazy about _12.set sth.down _13.have(got)to do sth _14.fall in love with _15.face to face _16.walk the dog _17.hide away _18.suffer from _19.have trouble with_20.make an effort to do sth _,对狂热,放下，记下，登记,不得不，必须做某事,爱上，喜欢上,面对面地,溜狗,躲藏，隐藏,受的苦,有麻烦，有困难,努力去做某事,五、词组运用翻译填空 根据汉语意思，从上述短语中选一个恰当的词组完成句子。请把我说
10、的话全都记下来。Please _all that I said.2.把分数加起来看看你能拿几分。_your scores and see how many points you can get.3.由于雪灾很多人不得不留在广州过年。Many people _ spend the Chinese New Year in Guangzhou because of the snow disaster.4.李明在这里定居后，和邻居们相处得很好。Since Li Ming _ here,he has _ his neighbours.,set down,Add up,had to,settled,got
11、 along well with,5.我的假期完全被一连串的雨天毁了。My vocation was completely spoiled by_ rainy days.6.伊拉克已经经历了太多的战争。Iraq has _ too many wars.7.作为中国人，我们对2008年奥运会特别关注。As Chinese,we _ very _ the 2008 Olympic Games.8.英国的年青人对哈利波特的喜爱近乎狂热。Young people in Britain _“Harry Potter”.9.为了学好英语，她尽了很大努力。_ improve English,she make
12、s _.10.你想和我一起参加英语角吗？Would you like to _the English Corner together with me?,a series of,gone through,are concerned about,are crazy about,In order to,a great effort,join in,高级句型,1.While walking the dog,you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.你在遛狗的时候，你不小心让狗松开了，结果被车撞了。句中While walking th
13、e dog,=While you were walking the dog,While doing意为“在期间，在做的时候”。又如：While providing convenience to consumers,plastic bags have also caused serious pollution,waste of energy and resources.在给顾客提供方面的同时，塑料袋也会影起严重的污染，能源的浪费。,运用：改写以下各句。(1)When I was traveling in Beijing,I happened to meet a former classmate.
14、_in Beijing,I happened to meet a former classmate.(2)Though he is over sixty,he still keeps on studying English_,he still keeps on studying English.(3)She wont go to the conference unless he is invitedShe wont go to the conference_.归纳：此句型的使用条件：(1)在_状语从句中；(2)如果从句的主语与主句的主语_，而且从句中的谓语含有_动词的某种形式；(3)从句中的主
15、语和be可以省略，并且要_，不能只省略其一。,When traveling,Though over sixty,unless invited,时间、条件、让步,相同,有be,同时省略,2.I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。结构分析：本句是一个复杂句，I wonder是主句的主语和谓语，if引
16、导一个宾语从句，在宾语从句中because引导一个原因状语从句，且用了“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其它”这个强调结构，强调原因状语从句。运用该强调结构需知以下两点：(1)此句型常用来强调除谓语动词外的句子成分。(2)此句中的that是固定的,即使被强调部分是时间或地点，也用that;强调人物时可用who。,运用：用it isthat强调下句中的划线部。Jack broke a glass yesterday afternoon at his uncles home.(1)_broke a glass yesterday afternoon at his uncles h
17、ome.(强调主语)(2)_Jack broke yesterday afternoon at his uncles home.(强调宾语)(3)_Jack broke a glass at his uncles home.(强调时间状语)(4)_Jack broke a glass yesterday afternoon.(强调地点状语),It was at his uncles home that,It was Jack that/who,It was a glass that,It was yesterday afternoon that,3.It was the first time
18、in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face.(从句时态用完成时)这是我第一次目睹夜晚句型提炼：It is/was the first time thathave/had done(1)其中的it可用this或that替代；(2)first根据实际情况可改为second,third等；(3)前面是is时，后面用have/has done；前面是was时，后面用had done。(4)比较：It is(about/high)time that sb.did/should do sth.是某人该做某事的时候了(=It is
19、time for sb.to do sth.)。如：It is time that we started(=should start).=It is time for us to start.是我们该动身的时候了。,运用：请用此句型将下列句子译成英文。(1)这是我第一次来北京。This is the first time that I _in Beijing.(2)那是他第二次上班迟到。It was the third time that the man _late for work.(3)他说那是我第一次开出租车。He said it_a taxi.,have been,had been,w
20、as the first time that he had driven,Language Data Bank,n.测量；检查；鉴定；调查We had better make a survey of the market.我们最好做个市场调查。They were please with their wild survey of his work.他们广泛审查了他的工作，很满意。a public opinion survey民意调查Surveyor 调查员，土地探测员,1.survey,v.加，做加法；增添If you add five and(to)five,you get ten.Pleas
21、e add more sugar to my coffee.请在我的咖啡中再加点糖。,2.add,His schooling added up to no more than two years.他受的学校教育加起来还不到两年。近义词：increase put together 反义词：subtract 减去，减add up 加起来add up to合计达 add fuel to flames火上加油add to增加,adj.worried,anxious,feeling unhappy about sth:He felt upset about losing the money.丢了钱，他感
22、到难过James was upset because he had lost his ticket.詹姆很烦躁，因为他把车票丢了。upset=rather unhappy,3.upset,v.使烦乱，扰乱，使不安，使不适upset ones play 打乱某人的计划cause to worry,trouble:upset ones stomach 使胃不舒服 The thunder upset her.,ignore vt.to make no notice to someone or something 不理睬，忽视She will ignore the bell and go somewh
23、ere quiet to calm him down.The best way to deal with an impolite person is to ignore hi,4.ignore,n.ignorance无知，愚昧，不学无术His ignorance is surprising.I was in complete ignorance of his intentions.adj.ignorant 无知识的,不知道的,愚昧的,幼稚的be ignorant of 对无知,不知道,ignore something 和 be ignorant of sth.If you ignore sth
24、.,you know about it but pay no attention.eg.He knew there was a speed limit,but he ignore it and drove very fast.他知道有车速限制，但却置之不理，把车开得飞快,If you are ignorant of sth,you dont know about it.eg.Most passengers were totally ignorant of the safety procedures.大多数旅客根本不知道安全措施,calm adj.1.quiet and not worried
25、or excited The police chief advised his men to stay calm and not to lose their tempers.He tried to keep calm about it.2.not windy It became calm after the storm.a calm day,5.calm,calm down:to become or make someone less angry,excited,or worried（使）某人安静下来Eg:She was very sad,would you please calm her d
26、own?,calm：quiet：silent：still：,没有干扰的安静；无动静镇定的静止不动寂静；沉默不语,选用quiet;calm;silent;still填空1)Lets go and _ your angry brother down.2)They moved to the countryside and lived a _ life.3)I prefer _ reading to reading aloud.4)You should keep _ while I take a photo of you.,calm,quiet,silent,still,have got to(had
27、 got to)必须，不得不 1)1 have got to是 have to 的口语形式Eg.You havent got to change at London Station.2)have got to 的否定形式只有一种:havent got to 疑问式也只有一种:Have you got to?并且不可同助动词或情态动词连用。,6.have got to,3)have got to 的含义与must相似.have got to 着重于表示客观上的需要,含有被迫的意味,must 强调主观的需要eg.We have got to work hard.4)have got to 没有被动
28、语态 have got to 不同于have got,have got 意为“有”eg.I have got a pen.,v.参与(一般不能用进行时,但可用于被动语态)concern oneself with/in sth.He is concerned in the new project.She concerns herself with/in social welfare.,7.concern,adj.1 松开的,自由的,无束缚的get/be loose 未拴住的,松开的 I have one hand loose but the other is tied.This dog must
29、 not be left loose.2 松的，松动的，不紧的，宽松的;a loose button 快掉的扣子 the loose soil 疏松的土壤 a loose sweater宽松的套衫,8.loose,9.go through 经历,The poor girl has gone through a lot since her parents died.,go through the test in class struggle,经历阶级斗争的考验,10.hide(hid,hidden)away,They were afraid and hid away,11.set down=,w
30、rite down/take down,I set down everything that happened then.,You should set down the key language points in your notebook.,12.series(单复同形)a series of+n(pl),There is a television series on this channel every night.,a series of good harvests/questions,There has been a series of car accidents at the c
31、rossing.,13.stay(link v)+adj/n,1)I stayed awake through the stormy night.,2)He stayed single all his life.,3)The weather stayed sultry.天气持续闷热。,4)Stay seated!坐在那别动!,14.do sth on purpose,I think she lost the key on purpose.,do sth with/for the purpose of,He took along one of his pictures with the purp
32、ose of finding a job.,=He went to town in order that he could sell the painting.,15.in order to=so as to,He went to town in order to sell the painting.,16.much too+adj/adv too much(+un),=more than enough,The dress is _ long for me.There is very little room in the house because it has far_ furniture.
33、Its _hot.I have _ homework to do,so I have no time to go there,much too,much too,too much,too much,17.happen vi.,1)What time did the accident happen?,2)No one know who had fired the gun it all happened so quickly.,sb.happen to do sth.(似乎)碰巧,=to be or as if by chance,I happened to see her on my way t
34、o work.,If you happen to find it,please let me know.,18.hold/have sb in ones power 控制住/摆布某人,19.Its the first/second time that 某人第一/二次做,The thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.,It was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.,翻译下列短语：1 把加起来 _2 总计共达 _3 把加到里
35、_4.应该/有责任做某事 _,add up,add up to,add sth.to sth.,have got to(do sth.),5.经历/经受；穿过；浏览_6.躲/藏起来 _7.一连串/一系列的 _8.写下/记下 _,go through,hide away,a series of,set down,9.受痛苦/受损失/受折磨 _10.和某人（很好地）相处 _11.爱上某人/某物 _12.对着迷 _,suffer from,get along(well)with,fall in love with,be crazy about/on,13.渴望某物/迷恋某人 _14.按照，根据 _1
36、5.参加（游戏/活动）等 _16.如此以至于 _,be crazy for,according to,join in,so that,17.面对面 _18.有目的地/特意（做某事）_19 平静/镇静下来 _20 关心/挂念（某人/某事）_,be concerned about,face to face,on purpose,calm down,Grammar,直接引语与间接引语,由直接引语变为间接引语需注意的四个变化,时态变化人称变化状语变化（时间状语和地点状语）句型变化（陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句）,1 时态变化,直接引语变间接引语时态不变的情况,当直接引语是客观真理时。当直接引
37、语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语时。当直接引语是过去完成时态时。当主句谓语动词是一般现在时、现在完成时、一般将来时态时。当直接引语表示的是谚语或名人名言时。当直接引语表示客观的时刻表时。,He said,“The earth goes around the sun.”He said that the earth goes around the sunMr.Wang said,“I was born in China in September,1972.”Mr.Wang said he was born in China in September,1972.,She said,“They
38、had left when I arrived there.”She said they had left when she arrived there.,She says,“Miss liu is good at English.”She says Miss liu is good at English.,He said,“Where there is a will,there is a way.”He said that where there is a will,there is a way.,He said,“The plane takes off at 6:30 am.”He sai
39、d that the plane takes off at 6:30 am.,GOOD LUCK,“I was driving carefully when my car hit the tree.”He told the police.He told the police that he had been driving carefully when his car hit the tree.”He told the police.,注意,主从复合句的直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的一般过去时通常不变为过去完成时。,人称变化,He said,“I like it very much.”,He
40、 said that he liked it very much.He said to me,“Ive left my book in your room.”He told me that he had left his book in my room.,状语变化,She said to me,”I lived there five years ago.”She told me she had lived there five years before.She said to me,”I will see her next week.”She told me she would see her the next week.,Thank you for your attention!,
