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1、微光学列阵元件实现二维光学PS变换的实验及应用研究摘要：由二维光学PS（perfect shuffle）变换和光开关经过多级级连构成的三维Omega光互连网络，可实现任意输入序列的无阻塞全排列，具有宽带宽、速度快、结构紧凑、成本低廉、易实现网络高速控制等其它光互连方式不可比拟的优点，在光通信和并行计算机领域具有很好的应用前景。然而，目前构建三维 Omega光互连网络存在三个主要问题：实现二维光学PS变换单元光能利用率低且不易级连、缺乏有效的路由算法、级连组网方式结构复杂，这些极大地限制了三维Omega光互连网络的实用化。本课题组提出仅用一块微光学列阵元件实现二维 PS光学变换，并进而应用此元件
2、创建三维Omega循环级连网络，同时建立三维Omega网络路由算法以解决以上三个主要问题。本文基于本课题组提出的理论指导，深入研究了二维光学PS变换微光学方法实现及三维 Omega光互连网络路由算法建立及优化，着重解决第一、二个主要问题，取得了一些创新性研究成果，主要工作和成果如下： （1）设计并模拟仿真出一块可简单有效实现二维PS变换的微光学列阵元件。为实现二维光学PS变换，以16信道为例，本文基于光学标量衍射理论，根据二维 PS变换规则，利用微光学设计原理，设计得到了微光学列阵元件的结构参数。计算机模拟研究表明，本文设计的微光学列阵元件可简单、有效地实现二维PS变换，在8台阶量化的情况下，
3、衍射效率达到90%以上，且各个信道之间的串扰很小。（2）利用空间光调制器成功实现二维光学PS变换。利用空间光调制器强大的光波调制功能，将所设计的可实现二维PS变换的微光学列阵元件加载到空间光调制器进行实验验证。结果表明，所设计的微光学列阵元件能够正确地实现二维PS变换。（3）利用二元光学技术，研制出一块可简单有效实现二维光学PS变换的微光学列阵元件。基于上述计算机仿真及空间光调制器实验验证结果，优化得到微列阵元件结构参数，利用光刻和反应离子刻蚀工艺技术制作二维PS变换元件，研究和分析整个工艺的制作过程，最终成功研制出四台阶量化的二维PS变换元件。对该元件进行实验测试，结果表明，所研制出的四台阶
4、二维PS变换元件可简单、有效地实现二维PS变换。平均衍射效率为61.66%，若去除材料本身吸收、反射等因素影响，衍射效率可达66%以上，且各个信道的串扰较小。该元件有望解决目前二维PS变换光学实现装置复杂、光能利用率低、难以级连的问题，将使构建三维 Omega光互连网络成为可能。（4）提出基于FPGA（Field Programmable Gate Array）的三维Omega光互连网络控制方案。基于本课题组建立的三维Omega网络的矩阵理论，结合计算机回溯法，并通过对算法优化，利用FPGA编程控制，成功得到光开关的路由状态码。这为后续三维Omega光互连网络的构建提供了完整的控制方案。本文的
5、工作为三维Omega光互连网络的最终构建和控制实现奠定了重要的基础，对于进一步研制实用化的大规模、多信道的自由空间光互连网络系统具有重要的学术意义和应用价值。关键词：三维Omega网络；光互连；二维perfect shuffle变换；微光学；FPGAExperiment and Application Study of Micro-optical Array Element to Realize Two-dimensional Optical PS TransformationAbstract ：Three-dimensional Omega optical interconnection n
6、etwork is a multistage interconnection network which is composed of multi-stage two-dimensional optical PS (perfect shuffle) transformation and optical switches. It can realize arbitrary permutation without blocking. Compared with the other network, it takes the advantages of wide bandwidth, fast sp
7、eed, compact, low cost, and easy to achieve high-speed network controlling. For all these advantages, it has good application prospects in the field of optical communication and parallel computer. However, as so far, there are three problems when we build the three dimensional omega optical network:
8、 The device realizing the two dimensional optical perfect shuffle is too complicated and low efficient to be integrated and used; there is no effective algorithm matched with three dimensional omega network to control the network highly and effectively; the structure of network casade is complicated
9、. These problems extremely limit the practical use of three-dimensional Omega Optical Interconnection Network. In order to solve above problems, our group proposed to realize two-dimensional optical PS transformation by only one micro-optical array element and build cycle cascade three-dimensional O
10、mega optical interconnection network by using the element. In the mean time, the threedimensional Omega network routing algorithm is proposed. Based on the theory, in this paper, by studying the micro-optics method to realize two-dimensional PS transformation and improving routing algorithm, the fir
11、st and second problems are solved. The main work and innovative achievements are as follows:(1) One micro-optical array element was designed and simulated to realize two-dimensional PS transformation simply and efficiently. Based on scalar diffraction theory of optics, micro-optical design principle
12、s, combined with the two-dimensional PS transformation rules, we design and gain the structure parameter of a 16-channel two-dimensional micro-optical array element to realize two-dimensional PS transformation. Computer simulation studies show that this designed of eight steps micro-optical array el
13、ement can realize two-dimensional PS transformation simply and efficiently. It has high diffraction efficiency, more than 90% and the crosstalk between each channel is very little.(2) It was successful to realize two-dimensional PS transformation through spatial light modulator. By using the powerfu
14、l light wave modulation function of spatial light modulator, we load the designed micro-optical array element into the spatial light modulator to realize two-dimensional PS. The experimental results show that the design of micro-optical array element can correctly and effectively implement the two-d
15、imensional PS transformation.(3) By applying binary optical technology, one micro-optical array element was fabricated to realize two-dimensional PS transformation simply and efficiently. Based on the software simulation results and spatial light modulator experiment, the structure parameter of micr
16、o-optical array element is gained. One two-dimensional PS element is fabricated by using photolithography and reactive ion etching technology. We do the research and analysis of the entire fabrication process. Finally, one four steps micro-optical array element is fabricated to realize two-dimension
17、al PS transformation. The experimental results show that, the fabricated element can realize two-dimensional PS transformation simply and efficiently. The average diffraction efficiency is about 61.66% and it would be more than 66% if eliminating the material absorption, reflection and other factors
18、. And the crosstalk between each channel is little. The element is expected to solve the problems of realizing two-dimensional PS transformation, complex, low effectiveness and difficult cascade. It will make the possibility of building three-dimensional Omega optical interconnection network.(4) One
19、 scheme was proposed to control three-dimensional Omega optical interconnection network based on FPGA. Based on three-dimensional Omega network matrix theory established in our group, combined with computer backtracking method, the algorithm of three-dimensional Omega network is improved. By using F
20、PGA programming, we gain the optical switch routing status code successfully. This provides a complete control scheme for the construction of the follow-up three-dimensional Omega networks.The work in this paper lays an important foundation for the final three-dimensional Omega Optical Interconnecti
21、on Network building and controlling. It is useful to promote the realization of all-optical networks and has considerable theoretical reference value and practical significance.Keywords: three-dimensional Omega network; optical interconnection; two-dimensional perfect shuffle transformation; micro-optics; FPGA
