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1、基于delphi的学生公寓管理系统开发王佐兵1 于晓玲2（烟台南山学院）摘要：各大高校和企事业单位的公寓管理工作繁琐而杂乱。传统的人工管理模式，效率低下，远不能满足实际的需求。本文采用Delphi语言和SQL Server 2000数据库管理系统，完成了学生公寓管理系统的开发。本系统的应用可以减轻工作人员的劳动强度，提高工作效率与管理水平，具有良好效果。关键词：Delphi，公寓管理，SQL，设计0 引言随着个人电脑的应用与普及，办公管理水平也提升到一个新的层次，逐渐实现了无纸化办公。作为人员密集的高校，后勤的公寓管理也应一改传统的人工管理模式，以求更加信息化、时代化，从而节省人力物力，提高工
2、作效率。高校公寓管理部门担负着学生宿舍的管理、检查、收费、协调等重要的管理任务。宿管工作包括住宿安排、水电使用的收费、外来人员访问管理等，所涉及的管理面广，内容多，管理工作复杂繁琐。计算机的应用为实现公寓管理科学化奠定了基础，推动了公寓管理工作向着正规化、科学化、自动化、现代化的方向发展。学生公寓管理系统可以实现从学生的分房到最后的公寓管理全部电脑化。本系统主要包括：住宿人员信息查询、出入登记以及对学生住宿情况等的查询，可以更快地了解到每个学生的住宿情况以及本校寝室分配的情况。学生公寓管理系统，存贮大量住宿学生信息，具有安全、高效、便捷和使用寿命长、成本低的特点。大大节省了公寓管理工作的人力和
3、物力。1 相关工作1.1 Delphi特点Delphi自从1995年2月诞生以来，获得了巨大的荣誉和广泛的影响力，以可视化编程、强大的编译功能、友好的用户界面闻名于世。其主要特点是：(1) 直接编译生成可执行代码，编译速度快。由于Delphi编译器采用了条件编译和选择链接技术，使用它生成的执行文件更加精炼，运行速度更快。在处理速度和存取服务器方面，Delphi的性能远远高于其他同类产品。 (2) 支持将存取规则分别交给客户机或服务器处理的两种方案，而且允许开发人员建立一个简单的部件或部件集合，封装起所有的规则，并独立于服务器和客户机，所有的数据转移通过这些部件来完成。这样，大大减少了对服务器的
4、请求和网络上的数据传输量，提高了应用处理的速度。(3) 提供了许多快速方便的开发方法，使开发人员能用尽可能少的重复性工作完成各种不同的应用。利用项目模板和专家生成器可以很快建立项目的构架，然后根据用户的实际需要逐步完善。(4) 具有可重用性和可扩展性。开发人员不必再对诸如标签、按钮及对话框等Windows的常见部件进行编程。Delphi包含许多可以重复使用的部件，允许用户控制Windows的开发效果。 1.2 SQL Server 2000SQL Server 2000 是一个高性能的客户端/服务器结构的关系数据库管理系统。SQL SERVER 2000是Microsoft 公司推出的，支持高
5、容量的事务处理以及数据仓库和决策支持系统。该版本可跨越从运行Microsoft Windows 98 的电脑到运行Microsoft Windows 2000 的大型多处理器的服务器等多种平台使用。SQL Server 2000具有以下特点：简单易操作：SQL Server 2000 界面风格和Windows界面风格完全一致，且有许多向导(Wizard)帮助，因此易于安装和学习，有关SQL Server的资料、培训随处可得。兼容性良好：由于今天Windows操作系统占领着主导地的位，选择SQL Server一定会在兼容性方面取得一些优势。另外，SQL Server 2000 除了具有扩展性，可
6、靠性以外，还具有可以迅速开发新的因特网系统的功能。尤其是它可以直接存贮 XML 数据，可以将搜索结果以 XML格式输出等特点，有利于构建了异构系统的互操作性，奠定了面向互联网的企业应用和服务的基石。这些特点在.NET 战略中发挥着重要的作用。数据仓库： SQL Server 2000增加了OLAP功能。OLAP可以通过多维存储技术对大型、复杂数据集执行快速、高级的分析工作。数据挖掘功能能够揭示隐藏在大量数据中的倾向及趋势，它允许组织或机构最大限度地从数据中获取价值。通过对现有数据进行有效分析，这一功能可以对未来的趋势进行预测。2 系统总体结构设计系统总体结构如下图所示学生公寓管理系统系统管理模
7、块学生信息管理模块员工信息管理模块出入楼管理模块寝室公物管理模块学生信息查询模块学生公寓信息数据库3系统详细设计系统主要功能是通过几个功能模块来实现的。具体设计过程如下：（1）系统管理：包括设置楼房情况，管理楼房情况，密码修改，添加用户，数据库备份，数据库还原和退出系统几大功能。方便管理员维护系统。（2）学生信息管理：包括基本情况录入，学生离校处理，学生住宿注册，个人财务管理。本管理模块可以实现学生信息的相关操作。（3）员工信息管理：对学校内不同职责员工相关信息的管理。（4）出入楼管理：包括来访人员的登记，学生出楼登记。完成对来访人员的信息记录保存，学生进出公寓等一系列情况的登记。（5）寝室公
8、务管理：包括宿舍财务报修，公务的损坏查询。本模块完成对宿舍财物的维护以及对财务的维修保修情况。（6）学生信息查询：包括学生信息查询和宿舍信息查询，学生信息查询可以按照不同的关键词查询以及混合查询方式。楼房信息查询便于对楼房的住宿分配情况查询。4结束语利用Delphi和SQL Server2000技术开发的管理系统，经过一段时间的调试、改进，从功能上达到了预期的目标，实现了对公寓的基本管理，提高了工作效率。但也存在一些问题如数据冗余等问题还需要进一步改善。参考文献1 数据库系统概论（第三版）M萨师煊，王珊。高等教育出版社，2000.22 软件工程（第二版）M 。 张海藩。人民邮电出版社，2006
9、.13 Delphi7开发基础教程M。牛汉民。科学出版社，2005.34 Delphi+SQL Server数据库应用系统开发M。宋坤，邹天思。人民邮电出版社，2006.3Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I
10、will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those event
11、s were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather an
12、d space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the c
13、hance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there .Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the s
14、ky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into unc
15、harted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of o
16、ur atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (
17、capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to b
18、e very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/
19、8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 f
20、eet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too har
21、d. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 second
22、s. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its
23、not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses
24、 consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.
