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1、浅论高职院校公共机房的管理与维护中英文对照Higher vocational college public computer room management and maintenance in Chinese and English.论文关键词：机房管理机房管理制度计算机维护硬盘保护Keywords: room management, room management system of computer maintenance, hard disk protection论文摘要：针对目前高职院校公共机房管理中普遍存在的问题，对如何管理好高职院校的公共计算机机房，充分发挥公共计算机机房在高职实
2、验实训教学中的作用，本文根据笔者多年的机房管理经验，从硬件管理、软件管理、制度建设等方面进行了探讨。 Abstract: in present public computer room management in higher vocational colleges, for the public computer room management in higher vocational colleges, give full play to the role of public computer room in vocational training in experimental teac
3、hing, based on the experiences of the computer room management experience, has carried on the discussion from the aspects of hardware management, software management, system construction etc.随着计算机技术的不断发展，计算机的应用已经深入到各行各业，高职院校计算机公共机房已成为高职实践教学中重要的教学场所。公共机房主要承担全院学生计算机文化基础课、计算机专业课、课程设计、毕业设计等实践教学任务，同时还承担了
4、学校以及来自其它部门的考试等任务，这就使公共机房的使用频率大大地增加，因此对公共机房的设备管理、日常管理都提出了更高的要求。 With the development of computer technology, computer application has been deep into all walks of life, higher vocational college public computer room has become a place of teaching in teaching practice in Higher Vocational education. Pu
5、blic room mainly to undertake the task of teaching of computer culture basic course, computer specialty, curriculum design, graduate design practice of the students, but also bear the school and examination from other departments and other tasks, using frequency greatly which makes room for the publ
6、ic to increase, so the daily management, equipment management of public computer rooms are put forward high requirements.1 公共机房管理普遍存在的问题 1 common problems in the management of public computer room1.1 公共机房管理员队伍薄弱 1.1 public computer room administrator group is weak.计算机机房管理事务繁杂，牵涉面广，对计算机管理员的技术素质、服务意识提
7、出更高要求。机房管理工作主要包括：机房软硬件维护，计算机实验教学的课程安排、环境卫生管理、机房安全管理、机房资产管理等。 Computer room management business is complicated, involving a wide range of computer administrator, technical quality, service consciousness put forward higher requirements. Room management work mainly includes: computer hardware and softw
8、are maintenance, arrange, the experiment teaching of computer course of environmental health management, security room management, room management.1.2 软硬件故障频繁 1.2 hardware and software faults公共机房计算机使用频率高，使用人员范围广，因此在日常的使用过程中，计算机的硬件经常会出现各种各样的故障，如：因计算机的移动造成计算机掉电、硬件松动，键盘、鼠标、耳机等易耗品损坏显得更为突出。同时也会出现人为破坏，有些由
9、于机房的计算机安全设置不到位，学生有意无意的使用删除命令、格式化命令、修改CMOS或注册表，造成系统被破坏。有的人会随意更改IP地址，可能导致局域网内计算机出现IP冲突。 The public computer rooms, the use of high frequency, wide range of use, therefore in the daily use process, fault, the computer hardware often occur in a variety of computer hardware, such as: power off loose caus
10、ed by computer keyboard, mouse, headset, mobile, and other consumables damage becomes more prominent. At the same time will also be man-made destruction, some of the computer room security settings are not in place, the students naturally or half unconsciously using the delete command, command forma
11、t, modify the CMOS or the registry, causing the system to be destroyed. Some people will change the IP address, may cause the LAN computer IP conflict.1.3 软件维护难度大 1.3 software maintenance is difficult公共机房承担着各种教学，且不同年级、不同专业有不同的实验内容，需要各种不同的教学环境，同时操作系统经常要安装补丁，杀毒软件不断更新病毒库。再加上要对应对各类考试、培训与平时的课外上机，使公共机房经常需
12、要安装或更新各类软件，这让公共机房管理员必须耗费大量的时间安装系统及应用软件。 Public undertaking various kinds of teaching, and different grades, different majors have different experiments content, need all sorts of different teaching environment, at the same time operating system often need to patch, constantly update virus library an
13、tivirus software. Plus to deal with all kinds of examinations, training and the usual after-school computer, make the public room often need to install or update software, which makes the public computer room administrator must spend a lot of time to install the system and application software.1.4 公
14、共机房的环境差 1.4 of the public computer room environment公共机房的环境卫生状况不好，灰尘对计算机的破坏很大，易损坏机器内部硬件，灰尘多了会覆盖在主板上，灰尘会阻碍散热器散热，造成计算机内部温度过高，严重时会导致计算机经常死机或者重启，尤其是CPU风扇上灰尘过多，影响CPU散热，会有烧毁CPU的可能，所以保持计算机机房环境整洁能有效避免灰尘对电脑的危害，延长计算机的使用寿命。同时不良的卫生条件也会影响上机人员的身体健康。机房室内的温度、湿度、电源稳定性都会对计算机硬性的稳定性、可靠性及使用寿命有很大影响，容易出现运行速度慢，频繁死机，原件烧毁等问题。
15、 Environmental sanitary condition of public computer room is not good, the dust on the computer the great damage, easy to damage the machine internal hardware, dust will cover on the motherboard, the dust will hinder the radiator, resulting in internal temperature computer is too high, will lead to
16、serious computer often crashes or reboots, especially too much dust on the CPU fan, CPU heat, there will be burned CPU may, so to keep the environment clean computer room can effectively avoid the dust harm to computer, lengthen the service life of the computer. At the same time, bad sanitary condit
17、ions also affect the health of the worker. Temperature, humidity, power supply stability room will have great influence on the computer hard stability, reliability and service life, easy to appear slow, frequent crashes, the original burned problem.2 硬件设备的管理维护 Maintenance of hardware equipment manag
18、ement 2公共机房内的计算机因为使用频率高，硬件损坏率也高。为了保证机房正常运转，硬件设备维护要及时。定期检查接线，插口是否松动，定期打开机箱进行除尘，监督上机人员正常开关机，并且关闭显示器。建立易损件和常用耗材的备用库，保证已损坏的设备得以及时的更换，这样保证机器的及时正常运行，从而保证了学校正常的教学秩序。 A public room within the computer because of the use of high frequency, hardware failure rate is high. In order to ensure the normal operatio
19、n of computer room, hardware equipment maintenance in a timely manner to. Regularly check the wiring, Jack is loose, regularly open the case to dust, the normal switch machine monitoring computer personnel, and turn off the display. Standby database establishment of wearing parts and consumables, re
20、place the equipment has been damaged and timely, so as to ensure the normal operation of the machine, thus ensuring the normal teaching order of the school.3 系统的维护和软件的管理 3 system maintenance and the management software由于我院的公共机房是在不同时期建成的，机房的计算机就存在配置不同、品牌不同的情况，这给计算机的系统维护和软件管理带来了难度。目前，大多数高校计算机公共机房的软件系统
21、管理方法都是采用硬盘保护卡，它也是最行之有效的软件系统管理方法。Because of the public computer room in our hospital was built in different periods, the computer room is different, different brand situation, it brings difficulty to the computer system maintenance and management software. At present, the software system management m
22、ethod of most public computer room in Colleges and universities are using the hard disk protection card, software system management method, it is also the most effective.公共机房软件系统日常管理的主要任务是操作系统被破坏后的恢复和批量安装更新软件、卸载软件等。用硬盘保护卡实现系统数据的恢复技术已经非常成熟了，只要将系统分区设置成“立即还原”，当系统出现问题时，重新启动计算机后，该分区就能恢复到原来的正常状态。软件安装我们可以利
23、用硬盘保护卡的网络同传功能，做好一台母机，通过网络同传发送到各台子机即可。同时硬盘保护卡还具有增量同传、断点续传、远程唤醒、远程重启、远程关机、自动分配接收端IP地址和主机名、CMOS参数保护和恢复功能等，根据软件系统日常管理中的实际问题有选择的使用，可以很方便、很高效的进行软件系统管理。The main task of daily management software system of public computer room is the operating system is destroyed after the restoration and the installation o
24、f software, uninstall the software update. Using the hard disk protection card system data recovery technology has been very mature, as long as the system partition set to restore immediately, when the system has the problem, restart the computer, the partition will be restored to its original state
25、. Software installation we can use the network transmission function of the hard disk protection card, do a machines, through the network transmission sent to the table machine can. At the same time, hard disk protection card has incremental Si, HTTP, remote wake-up, restart, shutdown, automatic ass
26、ignment of the receiving end IP address and the host name, CMOS parameter to protect and restore the function of use, according to the practical problems in daily management software system of choice, can be very convenient, very efficient software system management.机房日常管理中我们经常会需要重新做系统或更改系统设置，增删应用程序
27、，在这过程中会意外造成系统破坏然后进行了保存，这样每次开机还原的系统就不是原安全稳定的系统了。所以，最好的方法是除了对系统进行保护以外，管理人员还应在系统安全、稳定、完整的情况下，应用ghost软件进行备份。这样即使系统出了问题，也可运用系统备份文件进行恢复系统。 We often need to do or change system settings in the daily management of the room, and the application, in the process of accident cause system failure and then saved,
28、 so each boot system restore is not the original security and stability. So, the best way is in addition to protect the system, managers should also be in the system security, stability, the full circumstances, application software ghost backup. So even if the system is out of the question, also can
29、 use system backup files to restore system.4 计算机机房的病毒防护 Virus protection 4 computer room病毒是公共机房面临的一大难题。由于公共机房上机人数众多，机房内的计算机难免被一些通过恶意网站、移动存储等传播的病毒所感染。现在的计算机病毒具有破坏性、潜伏性和传染性等特点，破坏性强、不易清除，再加上使用者计算机水平不一，公共机房计算机很容易感染病毒，而且一旦感染，可能造成整个局域网内计算机都不能正常运行，甚至造成全校范围的影响。对付计算机病毒必须以预防为主，首先要及时给系统安装补丁将系统漏洞给堵住，其次给每台计算机安装杀
30、毒软件和防火墙，防止计算机在使用的时候感染来自网络或移动存储的病毒，并且要定时更新病毒库。 The virus is a major problem facing the public computer room. Because the number of public computer room number, room computer will inevitably be some by malicious web sites, mobile storage and transmission of the virus infection. Now the computer virus
31、is destructive, latent and infectious characteristics, damage resistance, not easy to remove, coupled with the users computer level is not a public computer room, easily infected with the virus, but once the infection, may cause the LAN computer cannot run normally, influence and even cause universi
32、ty-wide. To deal with computer viruses must give priority to prevention, we must first time to system installation patch will system vulnerability to block, next to each computer install antivirus software and firewall, prevent infection from computer network or mobile storage virus when in use, and
33、 to update the virus database timing.5 机房管理制度建设 5 computer room management system construction机房管理历来是让许多机房管理员头疼的事。所谓“不以规矩，不成方圆”，为了规范机房管理，提高计算机的使用效率，保障公共机房的正常运作，制定出机房管理员岗位职责、计算机机房安全制度、学生上机守则、设备损坏赔偿制度等规章制度。有了科学、合理、可行的规章制度，日常的机房管理工作就有章可循。作为机房管理员必须严格遵守规章制度对机房进行日常管理和维护。上机人员在使用计算机时，也必须认真填写上机记录，遵守管理制度。 Com
34、puter room management has always been a headache for many computer room administrator. The so-called no rules, no Cheng Fangyuan, in order to standardize the management, improve efficiency in the use of computer public room, guarantee normal operation, to develop the room administrator responsibilit
35、ies, the computer room security system, the students on the machine code, equipment damage compensation system and other rules and regulations. There are scientific, reasonable, feasible regulations, room management daily work will follow. As computer room administrator must strictly abide by the ru
36、les and regulations for the daily management and maintenance of computer room. The staff in the use of computers, also must fill out the records seriously, abide by the management system.针对机房管理中经常出现故障机不能得到及时维修的问题，我们在机房中配备一本设备运行情况记录本，用于上机学生进行登记，上机时如发现自己使用的计算机有故障要及时报修并填写在设备运行情况记录本上，机房管理员根据每天的学生填写情况，进行
37、有针对性的维修，节省了检查计算机故障的时间。维护人员对自己维护的计算机进行故障记录，故障现象及处理方法以及解决后的状况，这样不但可以掌握每台计算机的工作状况也可为今后的故障维修总结经验。According to the computer room management often appear in machine fault can not be timely repair problems, we in the room is equipped with a equipment operation record book, for the student registration, pra
38、ctice such as found themselves using a computer failure and times repair and fill in the record on the operation of equipment, computer room administrator fill in according to the students on a daily basis, targeted repair, saves the fault check computer time. Maintenance personnel to maintain the computer fault recording, fault phenomenon and the processing method and solved, such not only can master the working condition of each computer can also be for future fault repair experience.
