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1、Unit 5Nelson Mandela-a modern heroPeriod TwoLearning about Language关系副词引导的定语从句定语从句除了由关系代词引导外，还可由关系副词when，where，why引导，它们在从句中作状语。1when表示时间，引导的从句修饰时间名词，代替先行词在定语从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when I first met him. 我仍然记得第一次见到他的那一天。The time when we got together finally arrived.我们团聚的时刻终于到了。点津若时间名词后面的定语从
2、句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that引导。Ill never forget the days(which/that)we spent in the small village.我永远忘不了我们在那个小村庄度过的那些日子。2where表示地点，引导的从句修饰地点名词，where在从句中作地点状语。This is the house where I lived when I was young.这是我年轻时住过的房子。I visited the farm where a lot of cows were kept.我参观了那个养了很多奶牛的农场。点津若地点名词后面的定语从句的
3、引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。Is this the farm(which/that)you visited last week?这是你们上周参观过的那个农场吗？The park which/that attracts the most visitors will be closed.吸引参观者最多的那个公园倒闭了。3why表示原因，引导的从句修饰名词reason，在从句中作原因状语。He didnt tell me the reason why he was absent from the meeting yesterday.他没有告诉我昨天为什么没有出席会议。I
4、dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.我不知道他今天为什么看上去不高兴。点津reason后的定语从句的引导词若在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。The reason(which/that)he explained at the meeting was not sound.他在会议上解释的原因并不充分。4关系副词往往可以用“介词which”替换。Do you still remember the year when/in which he went abroad？你还记得他出国的那一年吗？Great changes are
5、 taking place in the city where/in which we live.我们生活的城市正发生着巨大的变化。The reason why/for which he was late was that there was a traffic accident.他迟到的原因是发生了交通事故。5定语从句中与动词搭配的介词大多数也可以提至关系代词前。The man about whom you are talking is our new headmaster.你们谈论的那个人是我们的新校长。In the dark street，there was no one to whom
6、 she could turn for help.漆黑的大街上，没有一个人可以让她求助。点津像look for，look after一类的短语，其介词不能与动词分开，此时介词不可以提到关系代词前。及时反馈.指出关系代词(副词)在定语从句中的成分1The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang.(主语)2The girl (whom) I met is Lucy.(宾语)3A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.(定语)4I like the book (which) you bought yesterday
7、.(宾语)5His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor.(定语)6I like the person to whom you just talked.(介词宾语)7We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together.(宾语)8We shall never forget the days when we lived together.(状语).根据句意用适当的关系词完成句子1The film brought the hours back to me whe
8、n I was taken good care of in that faraway village.2Have you had a case where somebody accused your reporters of getting the wrong end of the stick?3I shall never forget the day when Liu Xiang won the gold medal，which has a great effect on my life.4Is this the reason that he explained at the meeting
9、 for his carelessness in his work?5Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003，during which time he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union.6The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months，of_which the sailing time was226 days.单词拼写1It was a prison from
10、which no one escaped.2We read books under our blankets and used anything we could find to make candles to do flint.3Since I was better educated I get a job working in an office.4All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends.5All the terror and fear of that
11、 time came back to me.6I remembered the beatings and the cruelty of the guards and my friends who had died.7They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the blacks.8He was sentenced to five years.9In 1991 he be
12、came President of the ANC.用所给词的适当形式填空1They keep a list of people who are willing (will) to work nights.2A child has a very active (act) imagination.3She was a highly educated(educate) woman，who would never say those dirty words.4The cruelty(cruel) of Andrews words cut her like a knife.5The mother sa
13、id，“I want my children to be brought up in a peaceful(peace) world.”6He was chosen because he was the only fully qualified (qualify) student in our school.7Some people say that todays youths (young) have no sense of responsibility (责任感)8I sincerely (sincere) hope your father will be well again soon.
14、用适当的关系词填空1I dont forget the night when I came to the farm.2This is the best play that was written by Jack.3My sister, whose children are at school all day，is trying to get a job.4I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards.5It was raining the day when they arrived.6The reason why they n
15、ow charge more is that prices have kept rising.7This car，for_which I paid a lot of money，is now out of date.8Potatoes can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.9Youd better change the way that/in_which you educate your children.10Its the very place where the antiJapanese soldiers foug
16、ht over sixty years ago.用介词关系代词填空1As is known to us all，the age at_which children can go to school is seven.2Believe it or not，I dont like the way in_which he spoke to me.3Mrs. Zhang often tells us that spring is the time in_which people go sightseeing.4He borrowed a book the other day，the author of
17、_which is a worker.5The bike on_which he went to school was stolen last week，which made him feel sad.6Thank you for your help, without_which we could not have finished the work in time.7Who do you suppose is the man to/with/about_whom our teacher is talking?8Do you remember the building over_which f
18、lew a red flag all the year round?9This is the song to_which I often listen in the Globle Dance Hall.10He built a telescope through_which he could study the skies in his free time.11Did you attend the meeting yesterday at_which Mary talked a lot?12Our school is a beautiful one with a long history，of
19、_which we are proud.13The desk against_which Tom is leaning is Jacks. Its covered with dictionaries.14The farm on_which my father once worked has taken on a new look for the time being.15Theres no doubt that this is not the way by_which I came last time. .将下列句子译成含有定语从句的句子1我们住过的那个旅馆不干净。The_hotel_wher
20、e/in_which_we_stayed_is_not_clean.21949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。October_1st,1949_is_the_day_when/on_which_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China_was_founded.3冬季是一年中昼短夜长的季节。Winter_is_the_season_of_the_year_when/in_which_the_day_is_short_and_the_night_is_long.4我们买这本书的那家书店在去年的那场大火中被烧掉了。The_bookshop_where/from_which_
21、we_bought_this_book_was_burnt_down_in_the_big_fire_last_year.5那是一个平民不能享有平等权利的年代。That_was_a_time_when/in_which_a_common_person_shared_no_equal_rights.6她永远不会忘记她被授予金牌的那一刻。She_will_never_forget_the_moment_when/at_which_she_was_given_a_gold_medal.7在被炸毁的旧楼房那里栽了许多树。In_the_place_where_the_old_building_was_b
22、lown_up_a_lot_of_trees_have_been_planted.8我们过去常常度假的那个宁静的小村庄已经变得十分喧嚣。The_peaceful_village_where/in_which_we_used_to_spend_our_holidays_has_become_very_noisy.单项填空1He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept.Aby which Bin which Cunder which Dwhich答案B2Which sentence is WRONG?AThe finger I di
23、pped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.BDo you know the boy who jumped onto the platform?CScience and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of land.DPeople in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth.答案A
24、3Is this museum _ some German friends visited last Wednesday?Athat Bwhere Cin which Dthe one答案D4The beautiful dress _ Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers.Ain which Bworn by Cwearing which Dthat答案A5You may take anything useful _.Awhich you want Byou want them Cwhat you want
25、 Dyou want答案D6Ive read all the books _ were borrowed from the library.Athey Bwhich C/ Dthat答案D7Winter is the time of year _ the days are short and the nights are long.Aon which Bthat Cwhen Dwhere答案C8Can you lend me the book _ the other day?Awhich you talked Bthat you talkedCabout that you talked Dyo
26、u talked about答案D9There are two thousand students in our school，_ are girls.Atwothirds in which Btwothirds in themCtwothirds of them Dof whom twothirds答案D 10I have bought two ball pens，_ writes well.Aneither of them Bnone of themCneither of which Dnone of which答案C11Do you know the reason _ he was la
27、te?Afor which Bfor whatCwhich Dof which答案A12John got beaten in the game，_ had been expected.Awho Bwhat Cthat Das答案D13I often think of my childhood，_ I lived on a farm.Awho Bwhen Cwhere Dwhich答案B 14You can take any seat _ is free.Ain which Bthat Cwhere Dwhich答案B15He talked about the men and books _ i
28、nterested him greatly in the school.Athat Bwhen Cwho Dwhich答案A.阅读理解AAlex Harley was born in the northeast of New York in 1921，but he spent most of his early life with his mothers family in southern Tennessee. His grandmother told him stories about their family.Their history，she said，began with Toby.
29、He was a slave from Africa and his name was Kunta.Alex Harley went to school and then to college.In 1939，he joined the US coastguard.As he was a Black，his job was to wait on table and wash dishes.In his spare time，he learned to write stories.He served in the coastguard for 20 years.After he retired(
30、退休)，he put all his time into writing.Alex Harley remembered the stories his grandmother had told him.He began to study his family history. After a lot of research，Harley decided that Toby probably was Kunta Kinte of the West African Mandingo people.Kunta Kinte was caught near the village of Juffure
31、on the Gambia River.He was sold as a slave in Annapolis，Maryland in 1767.Then Harley made a trip to Gambia and talked with a history expert in Juffure.The African historian made his conclusion stronger.Alex Harley wanted to tell the experiences of the black people in 18thand19thcentury America.He sp
32、ent 10 years researching and writing his family story for the book “Roots”It was published in 1976.It won a special Pulitzer Prize.A few years later，a film series(连续剧)based on Harleys book was shown on American television.1Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.aHe made a trip to
33、Gambia.bAlex Harley knew the stories about their family.cKunta lived near the Gambia River.dHarley retired from the US coastguard.eToby was sold as a slave.fHe began to study his family history.Ae，c，b，f，d，a Bc，e，b，d，f，aCe，b，d，c，a，f Dc，b，d，e，a，f答案B解析事件发生的正确顺序是Alex Harley的祖先Kunta在西非冈比河畔被抓、被贩卖，Alex从小就从
34、祖母那儿了解到一些家族的故事，成年后在美军海岸警卫队服役，退役后，他开始研究自己的家族史，为了取证，他来到冈比亚。故B项正确。2Where did Harley spend most of his childhood?AIn Gambia. BIn the north of the US.CIn Maryland. DIn the south of America.答案D解析第一段的第一句话“.was born in the northeast of New York in 1921，but he spent most of his early life with his mothers fa
35、mily in southern Tennessee.”是推断正确选项的依据。3When did Harley learn to write stories?AIn 1959. BAfter 1921.CBefore 1939. DIn the army.答案D解析由第二段“In 1939，he joined the US coastguard.In his spare time，he learned to write stories.”可知Harley是在部队开始学写作的。4Which conclusion did he draw after doing a lot of research?
36、AToby was a history expert.BTobys hometown was near Gambia River.CToby was an African historian.DTobys hometown was Annapolis.答案B解析由文中第三段的“Harley decided that Toby probably was Kunta Kinte.”可知，Toby可能原名Kunta Kinte，又根据下句“Kunta Kinte was caught near the village of Juffure on the Gambia River”可以判断B项正确。B
37、 One day，President Lincoln went to a party.At the gathering，a man called Douglas was again and again talking about Lincolns low position in life and saying that he first met Lincoln when Lincoln was a shop assistant at a village shop.Finally，he said，“And Mr. Lincoln was a very good shop assistant，to
38、o.” People burst into laughter，but they quieted down when Mr. Lincoln said calmly，“Gentlemen，what Mr. Douglas has said is true.I did sell cotton，candles and cigars，and sometimes whisky.But I remember that in those days Mr. Douglas was one of my best buyers.I often stood on one side of the counter an
39、d sold whisky to Mr. Douglas on the other side，but the difference between us is：I have left my side of the counter，but Mr. Douglas still_sticks_to_his_as_firmly_as_ever.”5The story took place at a _.Ameeting Brestaurant Cconcert Dgettogether答案D解析由文章首句可知林肯参加的是一个聚会。6Why was Mr. Douglas again and again
40、 talking about Lincolns low position in life?ABecause he was friendly to Lincoln.BBecause Lincoln was an example to show that an American of low position in life can become President of the US.CBecause he wanted others to look down upon Lincoln.DBecause he wanted to tell other people about Lincolns
41、friendliness as a shop assistant.答案C解析在众人面前总是不停地提及某人尴尬的过去及过去所从事的卑微职业，其主要目的就是为了取笑。7How did Lincoln win the debate?AHe won it by telling of his low position in life in his early days.BHe won it by telling of his high position in life in his early days.CHe won it by saying Douglas was telling a lie.DHe
42、 won it by comparing his present position with Douglas答案D解析由第二段林肯所做出的回应可知他通过与Douglas工作位置的对比，说明自己在进步而对方却停滞不前。8The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means Douglas_.Ais still talking about Lincolns low position in life Bis still standing on the other side of the counterCis still drinking a lot
43、and has not changed a bitDkeeps on going to gatherings and talking a lot答案C解析文章最后一句提及Douglas仍然站在柜台的另一边，说明他仍然经常去买威士忌。第四节 分子间作用力与物质性质【基础检测】1干冰熔点很低是由于 （ ）ACO2是极性分子 BC=O键的键能小CCO2化学性质不活泼 DCO2分子间的作用力较弱2下列叙述中正确的是 （ ）A同主族金属元素的原子半径越大熔点越高B稀有气体原子序数越大沸点越低C分子间作用力越弱的分子其沸点越低D同周期元素的原子半径越小越易失去电子3NCl3是一种淡黄色油状液体，测定其分子具有三角锥形结构，下列对NCl3的有关描述正确的是 （ ）A它是一种非极性分子 B分子中存在非极性共价键CNCl3比PCl3难挥发 D已知NBr3对光很敏感，则NCl3也可能具有光敏性4干冰气化时，下列所述内容发生变化的是 （ ）A分子内共价键 B分子间的作用力增大C分子间的距离 D分子内共价键的键长5下列物质的沸点排列顺序不正确的是 （ ）AH2OH2TeH2SeH2S； BCsRbKNaLiCI2Br2Cl2F2 DGeH4SiH4CH46水具有反常高的沸点，主要是因为分子间存在 （ ）A氢键 B.共价键 C离子键 D.新型化学键7下列化合物中存在氢键的是AH2O
