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1、Unit1Listen1. hold2. supposed3. absent-minded4. dependable5. responsible6. boring7. engineers are assumed to have a good profession 8. as people dont know the importance of engineers in societyThink About It:1. This is an open-ended question. (Fathers are thought to be as important to children as mo
2、thers are in terms of their emotional support to the family.)2. A good family man can be considered as one who strives to fulfill his family responsibilities as a husband and father, or who puts his family duties first.3.I think working fathers deserve our recognition and our thanks for what they do
3、.无名英雄：职业父亲意味着什么？ 在我们的孪生女儿出生后的第一次“约会”时，我和丈夫一起去看了一部名为玩具总动员的电影。我们很喜欢这部片子，但随后我丈夫问道：“父亲在哪儿呢？”起初我还认为因为一个小小的失误而批评一部很吸引人的家庭影片似乎是太偏狭了。可后来越想越觉得这一疏忽太严重了。父亲不仅没有出现，他甚至没有被提到 尽管家中有婴儿，说明父亲不可能离开太长时间。影片给人的感觉是，父亲出现与否似乎是个极次要的细节，甚至不需要做任何解释。新闻媒体倾向于把父亲边缘化，这只是一个例子，它反映了在美国发生的巨大的社会变化。大卫布兰肯霍恩在无父之国一书中将这种倾向称之为“无需父亲”观念。职业母亲（我想这应
4、是与无职业母亲相对而言的）奋斗的故事从媒体上无尽无休地轰击着我们。与此同时，媒体上绝大多数与父亲有关的故事又集中表现暴力的丈夫或没出息的父亲形象。看起来似乎父亲唯一值得人们提及的是因为他们做家务太少而受到指责的时候（我怀疑这一说法的可靠性，因为“家务”的定义中很少包括打扫屋顶的雨水沟，给汽车换机油或其他一些典型的由男人们做的事），或者是在他们去世的时候。当布兰肯霍恩先生就“顾家的好男 人”一词的词义对父亲们进行调查时，许多父亲都回答，这一词语只有在葬礼上听到过。 这种“无需父亲”综合征的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。我并非暗指这些家庭全职父亲作出的承诺不值得人们的支持，我只是想指出
5、正在实际生效的双重标准：家庭全职父亲受到人们的赞扬，而家庭全职母亲和养家糊口的父亲，所得到文化上的认同却很少，甚至完全得不到。我们用来讨论父亲的角色（即没出息的父亲）的话语本身就显示出人们对大多数男人默默无闻而自豪地履行对家庭的责任缺乏赏识。我们几乎从来没听到“职业父亲”这一说法，在人们呼吁应该给予工作者在工作地点上更大的灵活性时，很少有人认为这种呼吁不但适用于女性，同样也适应于男性。我们这个社会表现出的是，似乎家庭职责对父亲来说并不像对母亲那么重要 似乎事业上的满足就是男人生活的全部。更让人感到侮辱的是最近媒体的这种倾向，即把家庭主妇看成是一种“地位的象征” 就像一辆名贵的汽车，据说只有少数
6、男人才享受得起这种奢侈与豪华。这暗示家里有家庭主妇的男人比那些妻子在外工作的男人日子过得更舒适，因为他们拥有全职管家这种“奢侈品”。然而，实际上作为家庭唯一挣钱者的男人要承受很多压力。当他们的那份工作是家庭收入的唯一来源的时候，失业，或者甚至只不过是受到失业的威胁，对他们而言也构成了巨大的困难。同样，家庭唯一的工资收入者在想辞去不太满意的工作时，其灵活程度也要小一些，因为这种工作变换会使他们失去收入。此外，为了给家庭挣更多的钱，许多丈夫超时工作或兼做第二职业。对于这些男人来说，正是这份工作所支撑的家庭，使他们觉得值得付出。很多男人相信母亲待在家里对小孩十分重要，这种信念使他们十分乐意地担起家里
7、唯一挣钱人的担子。目前，研究者们普遍认为家庭中没有父亲会对小孩 继而也对整个社会 带来严重的问题。然而，我们这个社会并没有把“普通”父亲作为正面角色为未来的父亲树立榜样，相反地，却常常持放弃态度，认为传统的父道从最好的方面说已经过时，从最坏的方面讲就是危险的反动。这使许多男人对他们作为父亲的角色的价值提出质疑。作为一个社会，我们需要认识到，对于孩子来说，父亲是与母亲同等重要的，不仅仅在经济支持上，而且在感情依靠、教育和纪律训导方面都是如此。我们仅仅意识到没有父亲是一个问题是不够的，不能只是站在坟墓旁边哀悼“顾家好男人”的去世，随后又找一个人来替代他（请问一问已失去父亲的人，这是否可能）。我们必
8、须承认自己是如何贬低了父道的价值，我们必须努力向男人们证明，他们在孩子们的生活中是多么不可缺少，多么重要。那些每天都在努力去爱和支撑他们的家庭，力求做一个顾家好男人的父亲们，那些无名英雄，需要我们的承认，他们所付出的一切需要我们的感谢，因为他们值得我们的认同。Read and think二1.Working fathers have received little media attention in the US and they have been given little cultural recognition, which is a kind of prejudice against
9、 those working dads.2.She thinks that working fathers are unsung heroes. They deserve our recognition and our thanks for what they do.3.1) The absence of the father in the movie Toy Story.2) A lot of media stories about the struggles of working mothers.3) The negative image of fathers in the media (
10、abusive husbands or deadbeat dads).4) At-home dads are praised by the media.5) Our society acts as if career satisfaction is above everything else for a man.6) At-home wives are regarded as “status symbols” by American media.5. To appeal to society to recognize the value of working fathers.三FatherVs
11、MotherFatherMotherKey wordsA high proportion of media stories about fathers focus on abusive husbands or deadbeat dads.We are bombarded bystories about the struggles of working mothers.abusivedeadbeatstrugglesAt-home dads are applauded while breadwinner fathers are given little culturalrecognition.A
12、t-home mothers are given little recognition.at-home dadsbreadwinner fathersat-home mothersMen are rarely recognized to need more workplace flexibility.Women are often considered to need more workplace flexibility.rareworkplace flexibilityCareer satisfaction seemsto be what a mans life is all about.F
13、amily obligations areconsidered to be important to mothers.family obligationcareer satisfactionHusbands with at-home wives have the luxury of full time housekeepers./luxuryfull-time housekeepers四1. media 2. images 3. abusive 4. fulfilling 5. recognition 6. status 7. stresses 8. aware 9. deserve 五1.
14、obligation2. applauded3. fulfilled4. mirror5. flexibility 6. devalue7. striving8. entailed9. supposedly10. Consequently 六1. referred to as2. at best3. by the same token4. at large5. held up . as七1. suffer stress2. support a family3. take on a burden / responsibility4. fullfill responsibility / a com
15、mitment5. deserve support / recognition / attention / appreciation6. afford luxury7. merit attention / recognition / appreciation8. make a commitment 9. give recognition / support 10 . show appreciation / recognition八1. With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities.2. He felt he did n
16、ot have to make such a commitment to John any more3. Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading4.At best he s ambitious, and at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications.5.We have striven to the full to convince him, but we ha
17、ve made no headway.九1. It seems that the only time he felt good about himself was when he was bowling2.One exception to the “no-tipping rule” is the hotel staff.3.Many of these youngsters know the job in theory but theyre still wet behind the ears when it comes to putting it into practice.4.Today, t
18、here is widespread agreement among top PR operators that the stand-off between courts and the media can not continue5. As for everyone, one thing is certain, not only do we have to sleep, but it is good for your mind and body as well.十一 Men Are Different from Women in Many WaysTraditionally, men and
19、 women were seen as opposite poles of a magnet. Men were strong, women were weak; men were the breadwinners, women were the homemakers; men were rational, women were emotional. In accordance with these beliefs, men fi lled the leadership positions in society, as well as the majority of positions tha
20、t required courage, clear-thinking and intellect. Women took on the nurturing, caring or supportive jobs such as nurse, teacher, assistant. However, modern society has greatly challenged these perceived differences between men and women.These days gender roles are becoming less clear. Women are movi
21、ng into the male-dominated occupations and proving that they can be equally successful in these fields. Moreover, some men are taking on the homemaker role and finding that it suits them. In some cultures, for example the Naxi culture of southwestern China, women have always been the head of the hou
22、sehold and responsible for both work and finance.So, are men and women really all that different? From the changing perspectives toward this question, it would seem that socialization plays a large role in defining masculinity and femininity in any given time period and in any given culture. In othe
23、r words, perhaps men and women are not that different after all.B.男子汉宣言作为男人，我们知道我们能够得到比较好的待遇。从女人身上，我们看到了现代性：广大的女性在探索新的角色，征服世界。我们暗中默默地羡慕她们不断取得成就的速度。我们对自己说：我们男人呢？我们难道不应该是这样的吗：聪明有头脑，信心十足，成功在握？那么，是什么妨碍了我们呢？责备女人挑起两性战争是毫无意义的。毕竟，这个世界还是男人的天下。只要知道我们之所求，我们便可以通过规定得到它。不，问题在于我们缺乏想象力。如果问女人，作为女人她们想要什么，她们会告诉你：平等。而男
24、人呢？我们没有一点线索。原因很简单，我们没有能够理解本世纪最伟大、最持久的社会运动的机遇，那就是两性劳动力分工的不复存在。我们正在犯一个错误。过去并未让我们真正的需要得到满足，却强迫我们狭隘地认为自己是一个劳动者，而当我们被解雇、退休或生病的时候，这种身份也随之消失。过去还让我们从家里走出来，使我们成为孩子的陌生人。这意味着我们将我们身体的、情感的和实际的需求寄托在女人身上。她们喂养、抚育我们，顾及我们感情的需要，为我们斡旋出一个社会圈子。她们为我们做私人的工作，就像我们为她们做公众的工作一样。尽管在家以外我们展现出了所有成年人的行为举止，而在家里我们却仍然十分孩子气。它使我们，尤其是那些年老
25、的、行将就木的人，过着一种悲惨的、有局限的生活，通常使我们处于一种乖戾的关系中。我们可以改变所有这一切，这不只是理想化的想法。在妇女解放的背后，吹着一阵顺风：在几十年的时间里，妇女控制了她们的生育能力，而经济却需要劳动力的大量增加。甚至连保守的男人都不能阻止她们。我们必须迈出的第一步就是打破沉默。因此，有了这样一份宣言。憧憬未来当两性劳动力分工使男人的概念得到加强时，我们将自己定义为三种角色：养家糊口的工人，女人的对立面，和做母亲不做之事情的父亲。每一种概念都限制了男人活动的范围，使男人感到窒息。因此，我们必须重新改写这些定义。工作并非男人的乐土当人们问及我是做什么的时，我会说我是一个新闻工作
26、者，而不会说我是一个男人、一个父亲、一个丈夫、一个儿子、一个兄弟、一个公民，甚至不会将所有这些结合在一起说，而只是说我是一个新闻记者。像许多男人一样，我就是我的工作。当工作顺利时，我也称心如意。其他一切都可能荡然无存。但是事业上的成功却是一个男人的支柱。它为男人提供地位、权利以及成为挣钱养家的父亲的一种手段。妇女运动只是进一步强调了工作的重要地位，而且暗示人们，专心于家务和抚养小孩是一件苦差事。然而，指望工作从根本上维持我们的自我感觉是一个错误。许多自我的定义经得起时间的考验，但工作不在此列，因为它太不可靠了。我们知道总有一天我们会被解雇、会生病或会退休。对于那些年纪轻轻又找不到工作或者在年轻
27、时就被解雇的人来说，工作上的失败会导致沮丧、犯罪、暴力，在有些情况下，甚至会导致自杀。如果男人找不到能夸耀自己的更好的方法肯定会发疯吗？我们必须意识到工作是靠不住的。 男人不是女人的对立面当女人们被看成是弱者时，我们必须是强者。我们做女人们不做的事情，但是现在女人几乎没有什么不做的事情。她们从事体育运动、挣钱、参加足球比赛、驾驶英国皇家空军的战斗机，甚至主动开始床笫之欢。然而，我们却坚持把自己看成是女人的对立面。这样的话，我们最终会把自己定义成只做很少几件女人不愿做的事，即强奸、谋杀和虐待。父亲同样能够满足孩子的全部需要我们仍然受传统的父亲形象的制约，即提供工资收入、规定纪律，在某些情况下，为
28、小孩充当玩伴。在身体上和感情上与孩子亲近一直是女人的特权，而且在很大程度上还会继续如此。如今许多男人都渴望与他们的孩子更接近一些，他们是主动积极的父亲。我们乐意这样做，并且也有能力这样做。但是有些女人却拒绝对我们平等相待。平等始于家庭在很多家庭里，男人是被动的，我们允许女人安排我们的个人生活，让她们充当家里的看门人，让她们决定哪些友谊可以保持，决定夫妇与亲人应该保持多密切的关系。我们当中有许多人发觉很难主动采取行动，或者在家里对女人说“不”，因为我们从来就没有学会如何拒绝我们的母亲。男人必须开始为自己而行动起来成功的男人必须担任领导的角色。通常他们都保持沉默，因为即使重新考虑他们的角色，他们也
29、得不到什么好处。他们的工作相对地比较可靠，地位和权力都高于女人，他们还能控制工作时间，可以离家去上班，可以花钱请人照看孩子。他们还可以拥有这一切。因此，他们抱残守缺，封闭起自己的头脑，拒绝以更适合我们大家的方式来改造这个世界。所以，男权运动通常是由这些人所控制，他们义愤填膺，口齿不清，缺乏用善于思维的构架去理解他们进退两难的尴尬局面。聪颖的、受过教育的男人能够成为引路人，我们迫切需要这样的人去开始思考。十二1. D2. C3. A4. C5. A十三1. redefined2. sphere3. accomplishment4. opposite5. playmates 6. emotiona
30、lly7. equality8. initiative9. status10. change 十四1. equality2. sustained3. clue4. expansiveness5. sacked 6. defined7. sphere8. sour9. depressing10. division 十五1. in the way2. falling apart3. have ruled out4. at this rate5. took up十六SynonymsAntonyms1. intellectual; intelligent; bright1. active; passi
31、ve2. feeling; emotion2. public; private3. feed; nurture3. physical; emotional4. sack; fire; dump4. expansive; narrow5. secretly; quietly5. traditional; modern6. sick; ill6. failure; success7. weak; strong十七越来越多的证据显示男人和女人的想法不同，这似乎适用于偏见这种令人遗憾的情况。密歇根州立大学进化心理学家新的研究显示，男人的偏见倾向于与侵略行为有关，而女人的偏见则倾向于与恐惧有关。这些研究
32、者提出了一种“男人皆武士的假设”，以便解释群体冲突的历史是如何以独特的方式塑造男人和女人的心理世界的。本质上，男人更有可能发动战争，以保卫他们的群体，有时他们会以一种非常冒险的和自我牺牲的方式来这样做。攻击其他群体意味着有机会补偿这些损失，并且可以有机会得到配偶、领土、资源和地位的提升。与此同时，女人生活在外来侵略者性胁迫的威胁下，对自己的同伙往往容易表现出 “照顾和结友”的反应，而保持一种对陌生人的恐惧以保护她们自己和后代。十八1, 2, 4 and 5 are generalizations. To evaluate their worth or accuracy, we may need
33、 some concrete figures or facts obtained through scientifi c analysis or survey which support the generalizations.十九1.1988年以来，计算机的销售量增加了五倍。2.注册晚间上课的学生人数增加了一倍多。3,.这个小城镇的人口增长了三倍4.移动电话的价格降低了70%。5.假如你使两个物体之间的距离增大到三倍，那么它们之间的万有引力就会减小到九分之一。6.这条自动装配线使装配时间减少了五分之四。7.新产品的成本是老产品的25%。8.这台机器改善了劳动条件，使功效提高了三倍。（功效是原
34、来的四倍）二十1. is a global, nonprofit organization created for the advancement of entrepreneurship2. create a forum for informal exchange of ideas among entrepreneurs3. respects religious, ethnic, and political diversity4. takes its responsibilities seriously, and has developed a philosophical framework
35、to guide its actions5. Through its words and actions,TIE strives to achieve its stated goals and to stay true to its value system.二一THE ROYAL INSTITUTE OFINTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGEThe center of International Studies (CIS) of the University of Cambridge and the Royal Institute of I
36、nternational Affairs (RIIA) at Chatham House, London are establishing a collaborative research program on international aspects of Chinas development. Applications are invited for the following post.Head of Asia ProgramKey Research Content: Research will focus on Chinas increasingly important role i
37、n the world economy, particularly the implications of membership in the WTO and other multilateral institutions.Duties: Duties will include directing a new Asia program and developing it in collaboration with other research programs at RIIA.THE ROYAL INSTITUTE OFINTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS UNIVERSITY OF C
38、AMBRIDGE Requinements: Candidates for the post should have a successful track record of research in the respective fi elds and proven managerial skills.Knowledge of Mandarin would be an advantage, as would established links with relevant Chinese institutions. It is expected that the post involves fi
39、 eldwork in China. A strong emphasis will be placed on effective collaboration between the CIS, RIIA and Chinese institutions.The appointment will be for one year in the fi rst instance, starting from mid-October 2012.Salary range 30 000 35 000.For further particulars email to: jmartinriia.org. Clos
40、ing date for applications 22 May.The University of Cambridge and the Royal Institute of International Affairs are equal opportunity employers.Acknowledgements My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Professor aaa , my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. She has walked me
41、 through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not havereached its present form. Second, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Professor aaa, who led me into the world of translation. I am also greatly indebte
42、d to the professors and teachers at the Department of English: Professor dddd, Professor ssss, who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years. Last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my
43、 sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis. My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Professor aaa , my supervisor, for her constant encouragement an
44、d guidance. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not havereached its present form. Second, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Professor aaa, who led me into the world of translati
45、on. I am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the Department of English: Professor dddd, Professor ssss, who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years. Last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.
