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1、(九)动词的时态和语态近几年对动词的时态考查主要集中在对一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时六种主要的时态上；对动词被动语态的考查主要以一般现在时、一般过去时的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态为主。预计2016年重点考查六种时态及被动语态。动词的时态指的是谓语动词用来表示动作或情况发生时的各种动词形式。英语中一共有16种时态，但在初中阶段常考的时态有以下9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时、过去将来时。考查重点集中在一般现在时在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中的用法、终止性动词在现在完成时中不能与
2、for，since短语或从句连用、have been to与have gone to的用法以及在具体语境中动词的用法等。动词的语态是表示句子主语与谓语动词之间关系的一种动词形式。英语中的动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示的主语是动作的执行者或发出者，被动语态表示的主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是中考中的必考内容之一，其中考查的重点是一般现在时、一般过去时和含有情态动词的被动语态。1. 动词的时态 分类谓语形式用法一般现在时1. 动词原形2主语是单数第三人称，谓语加s，es1. 表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或状态。2描述客观真理、客观存在或科学事实等。3在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般
3、现在时表将来。一般过去时动词的过去式1. 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。2表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。3用于虚拟语气中，表示与现在事实相反的情况。一般将来时1. will/shall动词原形2be going to动词原形1. be going to和will表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。主语一般是人。2be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定要发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。主语可以是人也可以是物。3在含有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时来代替将来时。4一些表示位移的动词，如go，come，leave，arrive，fly，
4、start，move等，常用现在进行时表将来。现在进行时am/is/are动词的现在分词1. 表示说话时或目前正在进行的动作。2与always，usually等词连用，表示赞扬、厌恶或不满的情绪。过去进行时was/were动词的现在分词表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。现在完成时have/has动词的过去分词1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。2表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常与“for时间段”或“since表示过去的时间点或时间段”连用。注意：1. 现在完成时和一般过去时都可表示过去发生的动作，但现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果或表示
5、动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，强调的是现在的情况；而一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去，不和现在发生关系。2终止性动词在现在完成时中不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，但在否定句中可以和一段时间连用。过去完成时 had动词的过去分词1. 表示在过去某一时间或某一动作以前发生或完成的动作，它所表示的动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。2表示从过去某一时间开始并持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。过去将来时1. would动词原形2was/were going to动词原形，常用于宾语从句中表示在过去看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。1在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，如果主句谓语动词是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
6、如：Well have a picnic if it is fine next Sunday.如果下个星期日天气晴朗，我们将去野餐。Ill call you as soon as I get to Beijing tomorrow.我明天一到北京就给你打电话。2某些表示起始、往返、出发、到达之意的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作(此时一般都有一个表示将来时间的状语)。这类动词有：begin，come，go，leave，start，arrive，end，stop，open，close等。如：The meeting begins at 2：00 pm. tomorrow.这
7、个会议明天下午2点开始。The next train leaves at 7 oclock this evening.下一列火车将在今晚7点离开。3现在进行时与always，continually，forever等副词连用，表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，这种用法往往表达说话人的某种感情，如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌或不满等。如：The rich woman is always laughing at the poor.这个有钱的妇女总是嘲笑穷人。4现在完成时中表示短暂动作的动词不能与for，since等引导的时间状语连用。如与一段时间连用，要把瞬间动词转化为意思相近的延续性动词。常见的变化有：非延续性动词
8、延续性动词buyhaveborrowkeepopenbe openclosebe closedbegin/startbe oncomebe heregobe therefinishbe overdiebe deadcatch a coldhave a coldput onwearget upbe upwake upawakefall asleepbe asleeplosenot havejoinbe inleavebe awayarrive/reachbe如：误：Ive left this school for ten years.正：Ive been away from this schoo
9、l for ten years.一般现在时与一般过去时()1. (2015潍坊)Next month were going somewhere interesting as soon as the holiday _.Awill begin Bhas begun Cbegins Dis beginning()2. (2015长沙)Will you see the film Cinderella with us tonight?No. I _ it last week.Asee Bhave seen Csaw()3. (2015天津)When _ you _ here?Two days ago.
10、Adid；come Bhave；come Cwill；come Ddo；come()4. (2015绵阳)Whats your father?He is a doctor. He _ in a local hospital.Aworked Bhas worked Cworks Dwill work()5. (2015娄底)I _ to the cinema yesterday.Its a pity. You didnt invite me.Ago Bwent Chave gone现在进行时与过去进行时()6. (2015苏州)Where is Joan?She_ a novel in her
11、study.Ahas read Breads Cwill read Dis reading()7. (2015长沙)I called you last night but you didnt answer.Sorry，Grace. I_ I Am A Singer when the phone rang.Aam washing Bwas watching Chave watched()8. (2015绵阳)Mom，someone _.Please pick up the phone.Ahas called Bis calling Cwill call Dwas calling()9. (201
12、5烟台)My mother _ the dishes when I got home.Ahas washed Bis washing Cwashed Dwas washing()10. (2015益阳)What were you doing at 8：00 last Sunday?I _ rubbish with my classmates by Zijiang River.Apicked up Bam picking up Cwas picking up一般将来时与过去将来时()11. (2015山西)Have you finished the poster for the party?No
13、t yet. I _ it in two days.Afinish Bfinished Cwill finish ()12. (2015重庆A卷)Stop smoking，Joe！You _ yourself if you keep on doing it like that!Awill kill Bhave killed Ckill Dkilled()13. (2015温州)Have you watched the new movie Jurassic World，Steven?Not yet. I _ it with my cousin this evening.Awill watch B
14、was watching Cwatched Dhave watched()14. (2015重庆B卷)Please wait. She _ to you in a few minutes.Atalk Btalked Chave talked Dwill talk()15. (2015江西)Do you have any plans for tonight?Yes，I _ at the new Italian restaurant in town.Aeat Bhave eaten Cate Dam going to eat现在完成时与过去完成时()16. (2015宜宾)Over fifty c
15、ountries _ the AIIB(亚投行)so far.Ajoined Bwas joining Chad joined Dhave joined()17. (2015成都)I _ the book Little Women，but Ill let you read it first.Ahavent read Bdont read Cwont read()18. (2015乐山)I hear your dad _ Shanghai on business. Did he fly there?Yes，but he will be home tomorrow.Awill go to Bhas
16、 been to Chas gone to()19. (2015雅安)The film has _ for an hour.Astarted Bbegun Cbeen on Dfinished()20. (2015黄冈)Amy，can we give away these soft toys？We _ them for many years.Mom，but I want to keep the bear.Abought Bhad Chave bought Dhave had2. 被动语态的构成时态被动语态例句一般现在时am/is/are动词的过去分词The flowers are often
17、watered by her.一般过去时was/were动词的过去分词The trees were planted last year.一般将来时will/shallbe动词的过去分词Some trees will be planted this week by her.现在进行时am/is/arebeing动词的过去分词A bridge is being built.现在完成时have/has been动词的过去分词His rooms have been cleaned by him.过去进行时was/were being动词的过去分词His rooms were being cleaned
18、 by him then.过去完成时had been动词的过去分词His rooms had been cleaned by him then.过去将来时would/should be动词的过去分词His rooms would be cleaned by him the next day.含情态动词情态动词be动词的过去分词Your homework must be finished in time.1open，lock，write，read，sell，clean，wash，cut，drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表示被动意义。如：This kind of pen
19、writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。The kind of shirts sells well here.这种样式的衬衫在这里卖得很好。2look，sound，taste，smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如：School uniforms look good on us.我们穿着校服很好看。The cake smells delicious.蛋糕闻起来很香。()21. (2015黄石)Have you watered those flowers，Tim?No. But they _ by my grandpa yesterday morning.Ahave
20、 been watered Bhad been wateredCwere watered Dwere watering()22. (2015广安)Mike，I looked for you everywhere last night.Oh，I _ to the party.Aam invited Binvited Cinvite Dwas invited()23. (2015临沂)Teenagers should _ to take care of themselves from a young age.Aeducate Bbe educating Chave educated Dbe edu
21、cated()24. (2015雅安)Trees _ on both sides of the road next year.Awill plant Bwill be planted Care going to plant Dare planted()25. (2015泰安)Lily，will you go to Jennys birthday party this Saturday ?Im not sure. Because I _ so far.Ahavent invited Bwasnt invited Chavent been invited Dwill be invited3. 几种
22、特殊的被动语态的用法 种类构成例句主动语态中省去to的动词变为被动语态时，省去的to要加上。The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.含双宾语的动词把指人的宾语变为主语时，指物的宾语仍保留在谓语之后；指物的宾语变为主语时，指人的宾语前要加相应的介词。I was given a present.A present was given to me.含短语的动词短语是“动词介词”或“动词副词”时，变被动语态时，介词、副词不能丢。The young man was sent away from school.()26. (2015邵阳)The girl
23、was made _ her brothers clothes.Ato wash Bwash Cwashing()27. (2015眉山)The workers were made _ from morning to night in the past.Aworked Bto work Cwork Dworking()28. (2014随州)Mary was heard _ just now. What happened?Joe was telling her some jokes.Acry Blaugh Cto laugh Dto cry()29. (2013呼和浩特)If you see
24、the cartoon film，you will_ laugh.Abe made Bbe made to Cmake to Dmake()30. (2013连云港)Clark，your room is really in a mess. It needs _.Sorry，mum. Ill do it at once.Aclean Bcleaned Cto clean Dto be cleaned动词的时态()1. Hi，Wang Ning！Hows the weather in Jinan now?It is terrible. It _ all the morning.Arains Bis
25、 raining Crained Dwill rain()2. What does your sister like doing in her free time?She _ watching TV.Alikes Bliked Chas liked Dhad liked()3. Do you know if_ back next week？If he _ back，please let me know.Ahe comes；will come Bwill he come；comesChe will come；comes Dwill he come；will come()4. May I see
26、Mr. Lin，please?Well，Im afraid hes not in at the moment. I think he _ back soon.Acame Bhas come Cwill be Dwas()5. Look at those big black clouds. It _ rain. Lets hurry.Amust Bwill Cwould Dis going to()6.Dont talk loudly here. My little baby _.Ahas gone out Bis sleeping Csleeps Dwent to school()7. My
27、daughter _ her driving test yesterday.Congratulations. She had practiced driving really hard.Apasses Bpassed Chas passed Dhad passed()8. Your e-mail address again？I _ quite catch it.Hul23.Adont Bcant Cdidnt Dwont()9. Oh，Mrs King，your necklace looks nice.Is it new?No，I_ it for two years.Ahad Bhave ha
28、d Cbought Dhave bought()10. _ to the United States?No，never. But I went to Canada a few years ago.AHave you been BHave you goneCDid you go DWill you go()11. Are Li Yan and Wang Mei still living in Ningbo?No，they _ to Shanghai.Ahad moved Bmoved Cwill move Dhave moved()12. Do you know the man over the
29、re?Yes. I_ him several times since last month.Asee Bsaw Chave seen Dhad seen()13. What do you think of my answer to the question?Sorry. Whats that？I_ about something else.Athought Bam thinking Chad thought Dwas thinking()14. Amy，I called you yesterday evening，but nobody answered the phone.Oh，I _ a w
30、alk with my mother at that time.Atake Btook Cam taking Dwas taking()15. Did you see Henry at the party?No，he _ by the time I got there.Aleft Bwas leaving Chad left Dhas left()16. What is the weather like today?It is cloudy. And I think it _.Awas raining Bis going to rain Cis raining Drained()17. Tom
31、，_ you ever _ that new film?Yes. I _ it a week ago.AHave；seen；saw BHave；seen；seeCDo；see；see DHad；seen；saw()18. It _ over sixty years since the Peoples Republic of China was founded.Awas Bhad been Cis Dwill be()19. Dont make any noise. We _ to a piece of wonderful music at the moment.Awill listen Bar
32、e listening Clisten Dhave listening()20. I saw her smoking in the restaurant yesterday afternoon.But she seldom_.Asmokes Bhad smoked Csmoked Dis smoking()21. How do you like your school，Feifei?Quite good. The number of students here _ year by year.Aincreased Bwas increasing Cis increasing Dare incre
33、asing()22. Was Kate happy to see her old friends yesterday?Yes，she was. She _ them for a long time.Adidnt see Bwouldnt see Chasnt seen Dhadnt seen()23. Has your mother finished her report?Sorry，I dont know. She _ it this morning.Ais writing Bwrote Cwrites Dhas written()24. Why are you in such a hurr
34、y，Mike?There _ an NBA game in ten minutes.Awill have Bwill be Cis going to have Dare going to be()25. Jenny wants to know if you _ a hiking trip tomorrow.Of course we will. But if it _，well visit the Space Museum instead.Awill go on；will rain Bgo on；rainsCwill go on；rains Dgo on；will rain()26. Whats
35、 that terrible noise?The neighbors _ for a party.Ahave prepared Bare preparing Cprepare Dwill prepare()27. When did the meeting begin?At four oclock. It _ for 15 minutes.Awas on Bbegan Chas begun Dhas been on()28. Li Kai，hand in your homework，please.Oh，sorry. I _ it at home this morning.Awas leaving
36、 Bhave left Chad left Dleft()29. How was your day off?Pretty good！I _ the science museum with my classmates.Avisit Bvisited Cam visiting Dwill visit()30. Where _ you _ lunch?At home. There was no school lunch.Adid；have Bare；having Cwill；have Ddo；have动词的语态()31. Boiled water _ for free here in the day
37、time.Aoffer Boffered Cis offering Dis offered()32. What a nice room!Yes. It _ every day.Acleans Bcleaned Chas cleaned Dis cleaned()33. Dad，please open the door. It _.OK，dear. I am coming.Alocks Blocked Cis locked Dwas locked()34. How often do I need to feed the dog?It _ food every day，or it will be
38、hungry.Amust give Bmust be give Cmust gave Dmust be given()35. I believe that those mountains _ with trees in a few years.Aare covered Bwill be covered Care covering Dwill cover()36. Have you heard of the song Little Apple?Yes. It _every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs.Ais play
39、ed Bplays Cwas played Dplayed()37. Did you go to Jims birthday party?No，I _.Aam not invited Bwasnt invitedChavent invited Ddidnt invite()38. We _ to start at once，or we will miss the train.Atell Bhave told C are told Dtold()39. When _ the car _？Sorry，I dont know.Adoes；invent Bdid；invent Cwas；invente
40、d Dwas；inventing()40. Do you have any problems if you _ this job?Well，Im thinking about the working time.Aoffer Bwill offer Care offered Dwill be offered()41. Students _ not to use mobile phones in our school now.Aask Basked Care asked Dwere asked()42. God，your classroom is so dirty.We were busy get
41、ting ready for the final exam last week. It _. Ahasnt cleaned Bdidnt clean Cwas clean Dwasnt cleaned()43. Pukou Railway Station _ in 1911 and it has become a filming location for films and TV plays in recent years.Abuild Bis built Cbuilt Dwas built()44. So far，all the walls _ white，and we are going
42、to draw all kinds of pictures on them.Ahave been painted Bhave painted Care painted Dpainted()45. The lights in the room _ before you leave.Amust turn off Bwill turn off Care turned off Dmust be turned off()46. Few students can understand the sentence until it _ three times.Aexplains Bis explained Cwill be explained Dexpla
