《中招状元我来教-英语.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《中招状元我来教-英语.ppt(145页珍藏版)》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、2014中考英语高分策略,ZHENGZHOU FOREIGN LANGUAGE SCHOOL,冯筱航,外语中学2013届毕业生,中考英语成绩:120,2014中考英语高分策略,研读大纲,查漏补缺,依托教材,夯实基础,解读中考,有的放矢,依托教材,夯实基础,教材即教学的材料,是教学内容的载体,是实现教学目标的工具。,夯实基础五要求,1.牢记并会运用每个单元的单词、习惯用语、常用句型;2.掌握每个单元话题所涉及到的词法、句法等语言语法知识;3.能听懂每个单元的交际功能语言;4.能运用每个单元的基本功能语言组织会话;5.能根据每个单元的话题进行写作。,研读大纲,查漏补缺,河南省各地教材不一样,是一“
2、纲”多“本”。各个版本的教材未免距离考纲的要求或“超”一点儿、或“偏离”一点儿。所以需要认真的研读考纲,查漏补缺。,2011河南 All the rest of the afternoon,I didnt dare to look at Father.Every time he spoke,it made me jump.My hands began shaking and my heart started 43 fast.I didnt want the chocolate any more.()43.A.falling B.breaking C.beating D.jumping,2012
3、河南 The following morning,Mr Smith again 39 a jade stone in the young mans hand and told him to hold it.On the third,fourth,and()39.A.placed B.took C.gave D.sent,2013河南()31.He thinks himself somebody,but we think him _.A.nobody B.anybody C.somebody D.everybody,2013河南()33.-George,how can you prove the
4、 earth is round?-I cant,sir._,I never said it was.A.Then B.However C.Besides D.Instead,解读中考,有的放矢,知己知彼,百战百胜,河南省2013年高中(中专)招生统一考试英语试题考试时间为100分钟,试卷分四大部分,总分值120分。题型与2012年河南中考英语试题题型一致。试卷结构、分值比例、题型说明及命题特点如下:,河南中考英语题型、分值调整及命题特点,第一部分 听力 20分,第二部分 单项选择题 15分,第三部分 完形填空 10分,第四部分 阅读理解 40分,第五部分 词语运用 10分,第六部分 补全对话
5、10分,第七部分 书面表达 15分,试题易、中、难比例及总体难度,1、易中难比例:6:3:1(即基础题72分;中等题36分;难题:12分)2、总体难度系数:0.600.68 注:难易界定:容易题:难度在0.701.00之间;中等题:难度在0.350.70之间;难度题:难度在00.35之间。,2013 平均分 73.57 难度系数 0.61,听力理解的选材要求,1.必须是口语材料;2.材料的情景要丰富真实,有很强的交际性和实用性;3.内容贴近中学生生活,时代气息浓郁,题材多样;4.材料应有足够的信息量和明确的语境,语言难度不要过高;听力材料范围包括:课程标准中功能意念项目表中的常见内容,例如:介
6、绍、送别、感谢、邀请、祝贺、约会、就餐、看病、问路、购物、道歉、文娱体育等和中学生生活紧密的话题。,听力内容分类,时间类when,what time(日期、钟点),包括直接型和计算型。数字类how much,how many,how old(价钱、距离、年龄、数量等),包括直 接型和计算型。地点类where,包括直接型和含蓄型。否定类,此类对话或含有not,no,neither,nor等否定词,或有but,although等转折词,或由would rather,too.to.结构及虚拟语气等表达,因此要特别注意。人物类who,包括人物关系、人物身份两类。此类对话提供一个情节,能反映所涉及的人的
7、关系或身份。活动类,这类谈话内容可涉及上课、娱乐、工作、日常生活等各种情况,试题难易特点,由易到难分别是:直接信息型 干扰信息型 推理判断型 计算型 排序或者填词型,干扰信息型,2013河南1.W:I heard you got the first prize in the painting competition,Eric.Congratulations!M:Thank you,Nancy!How did you know that?W:Alex talked me.Question:Who got the first prize in the painting competition?A.
8、Eric B.Nancy C.Alex,信息,干扰信息(音似),干扰信息型,W:Take an umbrella,Tom.Its raining outside.M:What strange weather!But it was sunny this morning.Question:Hows the weather now?A.Sunny B.Rainy C.Cloudy,信息,干扰信息,常见干扰信息题材,-Which is your favorite subject,math or history?-Neither.I like music best.2.-Is this backpack
9、 yours?-No.Mine is red,but this one is blue.3.-Would you like to go to Anns party on Saturday?-Id love to.But I have to study for my math test.4.-Where are going for vacation?-I usually go to the beaches or some big cities in the east.But this time I want to do something different.Im going to visit
10、my grandparents in the country.,计算型,2013河南()5.W:Would you like a single room or a double room?M:A single room please!How much is a room?W:Its 55 dollars a night.M:OK!Ill stay for two nights.Question:How much will the man pay?A$55 B$95 C$110,计算型,M:Hurry,up!The concert starts at 7:30.W:Dont worry.We s
11、till have fifteen minutes left.Question:Whats the time now?A.7:30 B:7:45 C.7:15,常见计算型题材,-When is our School Day?-Its Friday.That is,its only 2 days from now.2.-How many students are there in your class?-Therere 24 boys and 26 girls.3.-How much is the fish hamburger?-2 dollars each.-Ok.Three,please.4
12、.-How long have you been learning English?-Since I was 5.-You mean you have learnt it for 8 years?5.-Have you ever been to a foreign country?-Yes.I went to Japan last summer and Singapore at the beginning of this year.,推理判断型,判断人物关系判断对话发生的地点根据常识、文化、还有其他信息来判断,-It will be Mothers Day next Sunday.What s
13、hould I get mom?-Making a special meal is the best choice.Question:What season is it now?,Question:What does the woman think of the movie?,常见推理判断型题材,-Excuse me.Where is the post office?-Sorry.Im new here.2.-Tom,youre late again.Whats your excuse this time?-Im sorry,Miss Brown.3.-Whats the matter?-Im
14、 not feeling well.Im afraid Ive got a fever.4.-Could I have fish for lunch?-Sure,honey.But you need to help me do some chores.5.-He sings really well,doesnt he?-Yes.In fact,he is my favorite star.6.-Hi,Jack.Did you go to the speech contest?-Yes.But I didnt enjoy it.I slept halfway through it.,备考建议,1
15、.要求学生每天坚持听读12分钟,保持耳朵对语言的敏感和熟悉。2、培养学生正确答题习惯,即听前先阅读试题及选项,进行猜、预测,以便听时及时捕捉信息。3、对较难的类型集中设题训练学生,克服畏惧心理。4、对数字类的应及时用笔记下,以防需要计算。5.引导学生对常见问题的解题思路进行总结。(比如Would you mind?Would you like to?的回答。)6.搞好心理调试,轻松应考。,单项选择的命题特点,1、基础语法以单词、词组辨义为主。2、语言交际性、真实性、实用性3、寓情感教育于试题之中,注重试题内容与学生的情感交流。4、紧跟时代脉搏,反映社会热点5、感受英语语言的内容美,让考生获得启
16、迪。,15个单选题的考查内容:,口诀:动六从三,冠代名介形口特,河南中考英语对动词的考察,动词辨析:1题动词短语:1题(一般现在时、一般过去式、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时)时态语态:3题 情态动词:1题非谓语动词:1题(只考察对不定式的掌握,不是每年都有),动词辨析主要考察考纲上所规定必须掌握的动词的基本含义和常见用法,尤其是表达积极向上和常用的词汇,如:care,share,expect,develop,encourage,make,protect,provide等等。动词短语主要考察考纲上规定掌握的300个常见短语的用法,尤其是动词短语。情态动词主要考察情态动词can,
17、may,must表判断的用法,还有can,may表示允许、must表示必须、以及could表请求的用法。时态主要考察现在进行时、一般过去式、现在完成时、过去进行时等6个时态的用法。语态主要考察一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态;一般将来时、现在进行时和过去完成时的被动语态不考。非谓语动词主要考察不定式作宾语、宾补、疑问词+不定式作宾语以及不定式的否定形式等用法。,2013年中考对时态的考察,()24.-what _the noise,Bill?-Sorry,I broke my glass.A.is B.was C.has been D.will be()27.-Hey,Tom.Lets go
18、swimming.-Just a moment.I _ a message.A.send B.sent C.am sending D.have sent,-Have you ever been to Hainan?-Yes.I _there for a month when I was five.A.have gone B.have beenC.had gone D.was,河南中考英语对从句的考察,状语从句:1题,考察从属连词高频考点:though,unless,when定语从句:1题,考察关系代词高频考点:who,which宾语从句:1题,考察宾语从句的连接词、时态和语序,-Here is
19、 some information about the singers _I think is useful to you.-Thanks a lot.A.when B.who C.which D.what,河南中考对其他词类及特殊句型的考察,冠词 1题代词 1题名词 1题介词 1题形容词副词 1题口语交际 或 感叹句或反义问句等 1题,主要考察冠词的基本用法:1)定冠词用来特指,用在公共场所名词前,还有某些习惯用法和常用短语中,如:play the guitar,in the morning等;2)不定冠词的基本用法,即表示“一个”,还有a和an的区别,以及一些习惯用法和固定短语中,如:pa
20、y a visit to,take a shower等;零冠词常用情况,如:by bike,play soccer等。,河南中考对冠词的考查,A one-eyed cat in a uniform is driving a used car in a one-way street of a university in a European country.,代词主要考察人称代词的五种不同形式的用法,以及不定代词的用法,尤其是all,both,neither,none。名词主要考察大纲上要求掌握的名词的含义,以及单复数变化,区分可数名词和不可数名词,和常见的搭配,如:make suggestio
21、ns,give advice,make a decision等等形容词副词主要考察形容词词义辨析和形容词的比较级和最高级用法。介词主要考察常用介词的基本含义和用法,如:in,on,at,from,for,of,about,with,without,through,over,across,near,between 等等;尤其是in,on,at用在不同的时间名词前。特殊句型主要考察感叹句,祈使句,祈使句+and/or+结果分句,反义疑问句,以及不同场合的交际用语,如鼓励人:cheer up,take it easy;感谢人:thank you,its nice of you;等等。,河南中考对代、
22、形副、介词等的考查,34.Do you want to be healthy?_.Smiling can help you stay healthy.A.Smile B.Smiling C.To smile D.Smiled,基础语法以单词、词组辨义为主。语言交际性、真实性、实用性寓情感教育于试题之中,注重试题内容学生的情感交流。紧跟时代脉搏,反映社会热点考查中越来越淡化纯语法的考查,而更注重语言的运用能力,即语法的考查要放在语境中。,河南中考单项选择的命题特点,备考建议1,1.读透标准和说明,使教学有根基、有底气。2.灵活使用教材并根据教学实际整合教材,使教学内容常教常新。3.注重基础,避免
23、复习中无谓地拔高要求。4.选教内容的不会考;虚拟语气不考;关系副词引导的定语从句不考;一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时的被动语态不考;动名词作为非谓语动词的语法原理不考5.避免题海战术,平时练习杜绝偏难怪,可把时间用在强化记单词和句子,把语法渗透在句子中掌握。,备考建议2,设题关注真实语境中语言知识的运用。,2013河南27题27.-Hey,Tom.Lets go swimming.-Just a moment.I _ a message.A.send B.sent C.am sending D.have sent,对比一下:I _ a message at the moment.A.sen
24、d B.sent C.am sending D.have sent,备考建议3,避免片面放大语法和记忆的功能,The work is too hard.Im afraid I have to _.give it up B.giving it upgive it away D.giving it away,A.give it up B.give it offC.give it away D.give it out,备考建议4,避免人为设置错误,Is there _ in todays newspaper?anything new B.new anything something new D.ne
25、w something,The earthquake caused _ people to lose their homes.A.Ten thousands B.ten thousands of C.ten thousand,There are _ in the picture.A.Some photoes B.some sheeps C.some deer,-Have you seen the movie 1942?-_.I heard it was a very moving movie.A.yes,I havent B.No,I have C.No,I havent D.Yes,I ha
26、ve,无效选项,无效选项,无效选项,无效选项,无效选项,无效选项,无效选项,无效选项,对考纲上的一些常用词以及高频考点词进行总结,最好用句子的形式呈献给学生,让学生在语境中掌握其用法。,备考建议5,动词时态可集中复习,通过对比对各个时态的基本含义及作用进行理解和区分,然后强化现在完成时和过去进行时的练习。,He _(study)English when he was at college.He _(study)English for one year when he was at collegeHe _(study)English since he was college.He _(study
27、)English when the accident happened.He _(study)English for one year so far.He_(study)English when he gets to England.,备考建议6,1考查重点由在语篇中考查语法 转向对语篇的理解。设空以考查文意为主,信息词汇以实词为主,虚词为辅。(名词、动词、形容词和副词等所占比例较大。),2结合文意考查对词语用法的掌握,如同义词辨析与习惯用语搭配等。,完形填空命题特点,完形填空 10分,设题特点:,1.主要考查学生在篇章整体理解的基础上综合运用语言的能力。2.考查点绝大多数为实词在特定语境下的
28、词义辨析,把所有的词串起来基本可以复现整个篇章的结构和脉络。3.避免出成单一的语法题。学生答题需顾及文本的篇章结构,句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系才能选出正确选项。4.文章一般第一句不设空,留有窗口,以便给考生提供一个语境,2013河南,()36.A.questions B.help C.promises D.advice()37.A.common B.friendly C.clever D.silent()38.A.Though B.Because C.If D.As()39.A.knew B.developed C.hated D.doubted()40.A order B.informat
29、ion C.danger D.situation()41.A.ask B.wait C.try D.reach()42.A.Before B.Without C.Through D.In()43.A.smart B.brave C.funny D.sure()44.A.catch B.discuss C.count D.visit()45.A.fewer B.larger C.faster D.older,King Akbar was in the habit of putting riddles and puzzles to his people.He often asked 36_ whi
30、ch were strange.His people had to use words in a 37_ way to answer these questions.,考点1、实词在完形填空中的应用,(1)名词:主要与上下文意义有关或与一些语法要求有关,其中以同义词辨义、词语辨析或固定搭配为主。,(2)动词:主要以动词、动词词组的辨析、短语和惯用法以及非谓语动词、时态等方面。,(4)副词:副词在句中用来修饰动词、形容词和句子,表示时间、地点、方式、程度、递进、附加、强调、让步或对句子所言之事进行评价。完形填空题中,从上下文中所包含的逻辑关系,副词与动词之间的关系方面入手进行思考。,(3)形容词
31、:主要以形容词辨义,形容词作定语、表语以及形容词的比较级和一些固定搭配。,考点2、虚词在完形填空中的应用,1介词:以介词辨义、介词和动词的搭配为测试重点。2代词:要求根据上下文语意关系以及语句结构选填适当的代词。如:some,any,something,one,every,other等。,4、冠词:考点不多,主要测试a/an之间在用法上的区别;对定冠词的测试主要是测试辨析含有the与不含the的惯用词组。,3、连词:并列连词:and,or,but,so,bothand,neithernor,eitheror等;从属连词:that,if,whether(引导宾语从句);when,while,si
32、nce,as soon as,after,before,until,if,because,than,though,asas,so that,sothat,suchthat(引导状语从句)等。同时应注意区分英汉两种语言的差异。如although 和but 不能同时使用。because/as/since和so不能同时使用等。,完形填空题的解题步骤,1重视首句,把握开篇 完形填空所给的文章,首句一般不设空,是一个完整的句子。在记叙文中,首句往往给出故事的人物、时间、地点、起因等,考生由给出的这些信息大体可以设想出文章所展示的语境。而在说明文、议论文中,首句往往给出的就是文章的主题句或是交待与主题相关
33、的一些背景知识,而这些知识限定了文章的主题范围,有利于同学们在阅读时有一个好的逻辑思维起点,抓住并理解主题句有助于把握全文大意,理顺思路,有利于顺利地理解和解题。,2综观全文,把握大意“完形”须先”完义”。准确理解全文是做好完形填空题的关键。题中的大部分答案都须通过透彻理解文章内容和正确区分选项的词语意思来确定,只有少数答案是可以单纯地通过语法知识来确定的。因此,在解题时不要一拿到题就一个空格一个空格地填入答案,而要认真仔细地把全文读一遍,了解整篇的大意,从文中的主线来建立解题的思路。,3 阅读思酌,精选试填 在了解全文大意的基础上开始解题。此时要再阅读原文,不要急于挑选答案,要注意四个选项的
34、要求,区别空格中所缺的是什么语法成分,或是检查词义或词的搭配。依靠自己掌握的英语语言知识,根据文章中的词义、语法、词的搭配或逻辑的需要来作出合理推断。,(1)剖析结构,对比推理 在填空格时,有时可从剖析句子结构着手,分清句子的成分和句型,判断空格中所缺的词性、时态、语态和性、数等的不同要求,然后再从选项里做出推理和决定。,(2)瞻前顾后,寻觅启示 完形填空主要测试的是实词,又以动词、名词占据大多数。进年来以考词语辨析和逻辑推理为主。所以要做好本题答案,要反复阅读文章,瞻前顾后,善于从子里行间寻找内容上的逻辑关系,理清纹理脉络。要结合上下句,了解相互间的关系。形成整体观念,透彻地理解空格中所要求
35、的词。如果我们仅从个别句子本身考虑,在语法和意思上正确的答案可能有几个。只有结合前后句子,分析判断,区别选择项,排除干扰项,才能选出正确答案或是最佳答案。,要善于抓关联词语,前后搭配。如but,in fact,while表示转折;and,as well as,besides 等表示并列;so,therefore,as a result等表示因果。识别这些词的功能,有助于抓住文章的脉络,进行理解和延续。,(3)根据常识,联想推断 在解题过程中,我们还须根据生活常识、共同的经历、风俗习惯、英美概况和科技知识来理解短文,进行推断,从而找到正确答案。所以,平时我们一定要注意各方面知识的积累。,(4)暂
36、缓定词,以易助难 在解题过程中,一旦遇上一时难以确定的答案,可以暂时先搁一下,先做后面的空格。实际上,有的空格只有确定了后面的某个或某几个答案后,才能确定原来那个空格的确切答案。有的前后答案是相互呼应、相互依存的。因此,有时在确定后面的答案后,会突然想到前面的某个答案选得不妥,于是再作修改。在填完大部分空格后,全文的意思已基本显露而趋于完整时,剩下的个别较难的空格也就容易做了。,(5)排除干扰,仔细鉴别 在填空格时,有时采用上述方法仍无法确定,可采用逐一排除干扰项的方法。首先,去除在语法上和内容上有明显错误或不合要求的选项,然后再对剩下的选项或词语正确而语法上不恰当的选项,就需要仔细鉴别,把它
37、们逐一填入空格,通过上下文进行比较,选出最佳答案。,4.重读全文,校核答案 在填完全部空格后,应该将全文仔细通读一遍,从全篇的高度来审视一切,看全文的意思是否融会贯通,各段之间、前后之间的内在逻辑关系是否一致。再检查一下前后的人称、时态、主谓关系、语态、语气以及词的搭配等是否正确。如有疑问,再阅读上下文以致全文,仔细斟酌,修改不合理的部分,以防止因逐句选择造成的片面性错误,从而进一步提高答题的正确率。,备考建议,经常背诵一些有关亲情、友爱、励志和哲理的英语美文。了解英美国家的思维方式、文化背景甚至世界观(成功、关爱、分享、忠诚、尊重、平等。)特别注重考纲上的实词尤其是动词在不同语境中的用法。比
38、如:draw:绘画;绘制;拉;拖;提取(现金)等等.Draw the curtain across the window.Draw some money from the bank.这样词还有weigh,hold,make,take,tour,mark,develop,have,wish,keep,post,serve,head,hit,catch 等等3.指导学生用“三步法”做完形填空题。,第一步:通读全文,把握大意;第二步:先易后难,各个击破;第三步:复读全文,验证答案。,阅读理解选文及试题特点,(1)选文体裁:A.记叙文(选择类)B.说明文(选择类)C.应用文(选择类)D.说明文或者记叙
39、文(任务型阅读:还原句子)(2)题型特点:由易到难的顺序是:细节题 2.猜词题 3.推理判断题 4.主旨大意题,考点1.事实细节 考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细 节设计的,以2013河南中考为例,其主要提问方式有:46.In order to do something different,Jessie decided to.48.Before Jessie mowed the lawn,she.52.Abi has to go to the head teachers office.Which of the following isnt the possible cause?53.W
40、hat was Doug doing when his sister Cait tried to fall asleep?56.Alec is strongly interssted in space life.He may go to.59.According to the text,making a guitar needs the things except.,测试要点及解题指导,细节题解题方法:1.明确题意;2.寻找答案来源;3.找准关键词;4.反复阅读。,细节题特点:(1)凡属针对特定细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语,也
41、可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子,但句式、用词和表达方式不同。(2)干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂,正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂,甚至真假混杂。,if you want,you can ride a horse and buggy;it will take you all around New York City.Which of the following is Not true?A.The best time to visit New York is during Christmas.B.The writer thinks her tour of New York is memorab
42、le.C.You can ride a horse to have a tour around New York.D.The writer liked the beautiful city before she had visited it.,注意:有的题是同义表达,有的题是换位表达,有的题是看似一样却偷换字眼,考察细节,考点2.猜测词义 猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是:(2011河南)54.What does the word defensive mean in the passage?(2012河南)54.What does the un
43、derlined word“resources”mean in the passage?(2013河南)47.What does“keep an eye on”mean?,八种猜词技巧:1、根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义。Have you ever rubbed your hands together when they get cold?Why do we do that?We do that for friction.Friction happens when two things that arent very smooth rub together to make heat ene
44、rgy.The faster you rub two things together,the more friction(and heat)you can make.Lets discover friction!()58.What does the word“|friction”in this text mean in Chinese?A.摩擦 B.冷却 C.膨胀 D.震动,2、根据对比关系猜测生词的词义 在but,however,yet,otherwise,though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中,其前后的词有明显的对比关系,根据已知的内容,通过这种对比关系,就很容易猜出生词的词义了。
45、例如:Though Toms face has been washed quite clean,his neck still remains grubby.肮脏的 B.干净的 C.优雅的 D.令人舒服的,3、通过因果关系猜测词义 because,since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词,so是连接表示结果的状语从句的连词,so.that与such.that中的that是连接结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中,通过因果关系,依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。例如:(2011河南)If you sleep on curled up(蜷缩),you are probably a ve
46、ry nervous person.You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,so you are very defensive.54.What does the word“defensive”mean in the passage?A.易怒的 B.攻击性的 C.外向 的 D.有心的,4、根据生活常识猜测词义“Then go outside together,said the judge.There the traveler must hold up a twenty-five-c
47、ent piece so that its shadow falls on the womans hand.The price of the smell of a plate of fried fish is the shadow of twenty-five cents.“(2008河南)54 The underlined word“shadow”in this passage means“_”in Chinese.A.影子 B.浅的 C.价格 D.金钱,5、根据构词法知识猜测词义When I was young,I was kind of shy.Fortunately,I changed
48、 a lot by junior high.Shyness gets in the way of success,but it doesnt have to hold you back.Here are some tips that may help you overcome it.A.自信 B.敏感 C.骄傲 D.害羞,6、通过句法功能来猜测词义 After driving for a hour on the big road,we came to a small road and then to a track(小道)over dry rocky ground.It was a long,
49、hot and dusty drive,but finally we saw the river.It is a beautiful river and always full of clean,clear water from the mountains.There are waterfalls and places for swimming.舒适的 B.尘土飞扬的 C.飞快的 D.难忘的 Think youre ready to keep a pet at home?Having a dog is a wonderful experience,one that brings lots of
50、 fun and keeps from being loneliness.But it also needs lots of attention and responsibility.A.回答 B.成长 C.任务 D.责任,7、通过上下文信息猜测词义(2013河南)Mom thought for a while and then decided to let Jessie give it a try.After all,she was home and would keep an eye on her.Jessie already knew how to start the lawn mowe