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1、语法专项提升非谓语动词,动词不定式不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，若这些介词前有实义动词do的各种形式，则后接不带to的不定式，否则带to。,在cannot but，cannot choose but，cannot help but之后接不带to的不定式。I have no choice but to wait.我除了等别无选择。I cant do anything but go out with her.我除了和她一起出去什么也不能做。I could not but admit that he was right and I was wrong.我不得不承认他对了
2、，我错了。I cannot help but wait for him.我不得不等他。I cannot choose but tell him the truth.我不得不告诉他真相。,不定式作状语(1)不定式作状语，其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致。To learn English well，he needs a good dictionary.为了学好英语，他需要一本好词典。(而不能说：To learn English well，a good dictionary is needed.),(2)有些不定式短语可以作独立成分，通常位于句首，有时位于句中或句尾，需要用逗号同其他句子成分隔开。To
3、 be honest，I know nothing about it.说实话，我对那件事一无所知。常见的这类短语有：to tell the truth，to be frank(坦率地说)，to be exact，to begin with。(3)不定式作结果状语时，常表示一种意外的结果，尤其是和only连用时，常用only to find。He ran to the station only to find the train had left.他跑到火车站却发现火车已开走。,不定式的主动形式表示被动意义(1)不定式作定语与被修饰名词或代词构成动宾关系，并且不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。I
4、have something important to do.我有要事要做。注意：当不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，动词不定式常用被动形式。Im going to the market.Do you have anything to be bought?我要去市场，你有东西让我替你买吗？,(2)某些动词的不定式可以与be连用，常见的有to blame，to see，to let等。In the accident，the car driver was to blame.在这次事故中，轿车司机应受责备。,分词分词的时态和语态,分词的句法功能分词具有形容词和副词的属性，因此可以在句中担当定语、表语
5、、宾语补足语和状语的作用。,过去分词与现在分词的被动式和不定式的被动式作定语的区别这三种形式作定语，主要区别在动作发生的时间上。(1)过去分词表示动作或是在谓语动作之前，或只是表示被动。He is a teacher loved and respected by his students.(2)现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。The film being shown is directed by Ang Lee.(3)不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。The meeting to be held tomorrow is very impo
6、rtant.,独立主格结构独立主格结构，就是分词有其自己的独立主语，可以不与句子的主语保持一致。独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，所以在语法上不是句子。此结构在句子中起原因、方式、时间、条件、伴随情况状语从句的作用。独立主格结构应与句子的主体部分分隔开来。其功能和用法见下表：,动名词在动词allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。Smoking is forbidden here but you are allowed to smoke.这里禁止吸烟，但你可以吸。We dont allow smoki
7、ng in the hall.我们不准在大厅内吸烟。,动词need，require，want作“需要”解时，并且主语为物时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.窗户需要擦一下。,Its no use begging him.求他没用。,1.(2009年辽宁卷)_，you need to give all you have and try your best.ABeing a winner BTo be a winnerCB
8、e a winner DHaving been a winner【解析】句意为：要想成为一名胜利者，你需要付出你的全部并竭尽全力。根据句子与空格处非谓语动词的逻辑关系，可知需用不定式作目的状语，故选B。【答案】B,2.(2009年浙江卷)_and short of breath，Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.ATo be tired BTiredCTiring DBeing tired【解析】句意为：虽然疲惫不堪，气喘吁吁，Andy和Ruby还是第一批登上泰山山顶。分词和形容词短语作状语，说明他们俩到达泰山
9、山顶时的状况：又累又喘不过气来。A项表目的；B项表伴随或结果；D项表原因；C项意为“令人疲惫的”，不合语意。【答案】B,3.(2009年浙江卷)There is a great deal of evidence_that music activities engage different parts of the brain.Aindicate BindicatingCto indicate Dto be indicating【解析】句意为：有大量证据表明音乐活动调动大脑不同的部位。现在分词indicating作定语修饰evidence。【答案】B,4(2009年辽宁卷)When we vis
10、ited my old family home，memory came_back.Aflooding Bto floodCflood Dflooded【解析】句意为：当我们参观我的老家时，记忆又涌上心头。现在分词作方式状语。【答案】A,5.(2009年山东卷)We are invited to a party_in our club next Friday.Ato be held BheldCbeing held Dholding【解析】句意为：我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的聚会。hold与party为动宾关系，所以hold应用被动形式；to be held作后置定语，表将来，修饰a
11、party。【答案】A,6(2009年福建卷)_not to miss the flight at 1520，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.AReminding BRemindedCTo remind DHaving reminded【解析】句意为：有人提醒经理不要错过1520的航班，他匆忙出发去了机场。本题考查非谓语动词作状语，主句主语the manager与remind之间的关系为逻辑上的动宾关系，故排除A、C、D三项，因为这三项表主动，而只有B项表被动。【答案】B,7.(2009年福建卷)In April,2009，Pres
12、ident Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao，_the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.Amarking BmarkedChaving marked Dbeing marked【解析】句意为：2009年4月，胡主席在青岛检阅了海军舰队，这也是中国人民解放军海军成立60年的标志。【答案】A,8.(2009年重庆卷)Michaels new house is like a huge palace，_with his old one.Acomparing BcomparesCto compare
13、 Dcompared【解析】句意为：和旧房子相比，Michael的新房子就像一座巨大的宫殿。compare与逻辑主语Michaels new house之间构成被动关系。【答案】D,9(2009年安徽卷)The play_next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.Aproduced Bbeing producedCto be produced Dhaving been produced【解析】句意为：下个月即将上演的戏剧主要是为了表现地方文化。to be produced作后置定语，修饰名词play，表示“将上演的”。produce
14、d表示“上演过的”，being produced表示“正在上演的”。【答案】C,10.(2009年上海卷)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city，_all four people on board.Akilled BkillingCkills Dto kill【解析】句意为：一架小型飞机在城东五英里外的山坡上坠毁，机上四人全部丧生。用kill的现在分词形式killingwhich killed作结果状语。【答案】B,1(2010届南昌二中月考)On the bank of the river，we fo
15、und him_on a beach，with his eyes_on a kite in the sky.Aseated；fixing Bsitting；fixingCseated；being fixed Dsitting；fixed【解析】考查非谓语动词。第一空用seated或sitting作宾补，第二空处是with复合结构，由fix ones eyes on sth.可知应用过去分词fixed。【答案】D,2(2010届南昌二中月考)The survey_in our school last month shows that about 2 percent of the students
16、 are addicted to Internet games.Aconducted BHaving been conductedCconducting Dto be conducted【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词conduct与主语the survey之间存在动宾关系，又依据last month可知，该动作发生在过去，故选A项。conducted在此作定语，相当于which was conducted。【答案】A,3(2010届湖南长郡中学月考)Alcohol is classified as a downer，and although it is legal，it can damage t
17、he liver and do great harm if_in large quantities.Aconsume Bto consumeCconsuming Dconsumed【解析】考查非谓语动词。从语意可知，本句中的it指alcohol，主语it与consume存在被动关系，因此应该使用consume的过去分词形式。【答案】D,4(2010届江西师大附中月考)_that we should look after the three dogs three times，my mother left home.AMentioning BHaving been mentionedCHaving
18、 mentioned DMentioned【解析】mention这个动作的逻辑主语是mother，首先排除B、D两项；mention这个动作发生在leave之前，故应用having done的形式。【答案】C,5(2010届郑州外国语学校月考)With the decision_，the members present at the meeting were dismissed.Ato make Bto be madeCmade Dhaving made【解析】考查with结构。“with名词/代词to do/doing/done”结构在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随等情况。本句用过去
19、分词表示一个被动完成的动作。【答案】C,6(2010届河北辛集中学一模)Sichuan Province，_in southwest China and_an area of 485,000 kilometers，is one of the largest and most inaccessible provinces in China.Alocated；covered Blocating；coveringClocated；covering Dlocating；covered【解析】考查非谓语动词。第一空需要用过去分词，该处作定语，相当于which is located；第二空后有宾语an a
20、rea of 485,000 kilometers，cover的逻辑主语又是句子的主语，所以用现在分词形式。【答案】C,7(2010年上海春招)_well in an interview will be an important part of getting a place at university.ADo BDoingCDone DBeing done【解析】考查非谓语动词。句子缺少主语，所以此处用动名词作主语，即Doing well in an interview是句子的主语，其他选项都不能充当主语，所以这里选B项。【答案】B,8(2010年上海春招)_by the growing i
21、nterest in nature，more and more people enjoy outdoor sports.AInfluenced BInfluencingCHaving influenced DTo be influenced【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词的解题关键是找准其逻辑主语。在本题中，influence的逻辑主语是more and more people，它们之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式。D项表示将来，不符合语意。【答案】A,9(2010年上海春招)_as an Olympic event，a sport must be played in at least 7
22、5 countries on at least 4 continents.ATo accept BHaving acceptedCTo be accepted DAccepting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：一项运动项目要想被认可为奥运项目，必须至少在四个大洲75个以上的国家开展过。动词accept的逻辑主语是a sport，它们之间为动宾关系，此处不定式to be accepted表示目的，符合语意。【答案】C,10(2010年西安检测)It doesnt make sense_after_.You should cheer up and practice hard instead.At
23、o complain；being defeated Bcomplain；defeatingCcomplain；being defeated Dto complain；defeating【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。根据句子结构可知，it在句中作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，由此可以排除B、C两项；根据语意可知，you与defeat是动宾关系，即要用被动形式，由此可以排除D项。【答案】A,11(2010年西安检测)It is hoped that this project_ by the end of 2010 will be a popular tourist attraction of
24、the city.Abeing accomplished BaccomplishedCwill be accomplished Dto be accomplished【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句中的时间“by the end of 2010”可知，动作发生在将来，故用不定式表将来，又因project和accomplish之间是动宾关系，故选D项，不定式to be accomplished作project的后置定语，表示还没有发生的被动动作。【答案】D,12(2010年福建四地六校第三次联考)_by the beauty of its buildings on their previous v
25、isit，they decided to visit the small old town again.AStruck BTo be struckCHaving struck DBeing struck【解析】strike与其逻辑主语they之间为动宾关系，故应用动词的过去分词形式作状语。【答案】A,13(2010年皖南八校第二次联考)Something as simple as_vegetables in childhood may help to protect you against serious illness in later life.Ato eat BeatingCto be
26、eating Deaten【解析】考查非谓语动词。空格前的as为介词，其后的动词应用其动词形式。句意为：童年时像吃蔬菜这样简单的事也许后来会帮助你预防严重的疾病。【答案】B,14.(2009年福建检测)The computer programs are a puzzle to me.The more I think of them，the more questions I think of_.AaskBaskedCbeing asked Dto ask【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。这里是不定式作定语。【答案】D,15.(2009年苏州调研)What do you suppose_her look so upset?_by her boyfriend again.Amaking；MisunderstoodBhad made；Being misunderstoodCmade；Having been misunderstoodDhas made；Misunderstood,【解析】考查句子结构。从句子结构可知第一个空是句子的谓语动词，故可排除A项；第二空是分词短语用来回答问句中的“What”，选项必须具有名词性，因此过去分词(D项)应该被排除；选项B中的had made时态不对，本题不具备使用过去完成时的条件，即它不是发生在另一个过去的动作之前。由此可见本题应该选择C。【答案】C,
