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1、Airborne Doppler lidar surface returns:data products other than tropospheric winds,G.D.Emmitt and C.OHandleySimpson Weather AssociatesCharlottesville,VA.Hangzhou,ChinaOctober,2002,TODWL:the program(Twin Otter Doppler Wind Lidar),SPAWAR and ONR 35/SBIR Program provided the lidar and supported its int
2、egration into the CIRPAS Twin OtterIPO has co-funded the lidar adaptation to the Twin Otter.IPO has solely funded the mission planning,flight hours,data collection and the post flight installation of the lidar in a trailer for inter-flight research.,TODWL:the aircraft,Navy Twin Otter operated by CIR
3、PAS out of Marina,CAUnpressurized(10 ft normal operations)Cruise speeds 100-140 ktsEquiped with:GPS/INSDropsondeaerosol probestemperature,water vapor,turbulence sensors,TODWL:the instrument,2m coherent detection4-6 mJ(330 nsec pulse)80 Hzwater cooled7-10%total system efficiency10 cm two axis scanner
4、,side door mountedGUI with realtime instrument control and data displayWeight:250lb Power:1.5 KW,TODWL 2-axis scanner,The Experiments,Airborne missions over various water bodies(open ocean,surf zone,large rivers,lakes and wetlands)in the vicinity of Monterey,CALaboratory studies using a water slide
5、to simulate observations at differing incidence angles,Objectives,Check out the operations of an airborne 2m coherent,semi-hemispherical scanned DWLInvestigate the utility of water surface returns at 2m for space-based and airborne DWLs(ocean,lake,river,&wetlands)Compare DWL wind soundings with RAOB
6、s,microwave sounders,met towers,ground-based DWLs and assorted surface observationsInvestigate the use of an airborne DWL to provide cal/val data for scatterometers and RadarSatDemonstrate the application of LAHDSSA for future space-based DWL missions.Collect aerosol data along with lidar data to as
7、sist in the interpretation of signals from the LAS,TODWL soundinglooking up(20seconds),TODWL soundinglooking down(20 seconds),Microwave soundingFt Ord(30 minutes),0030 UTC March 2002,Aircraft flight level,Water surface returns as a function of incidence angle at 2m with a coherent Doppler lidar,Mode
8、led reflectance from ocean surface for a wind speed of 7.5m/s(Tratt,2002),along wind direction,Cross wind direction,200,400,600,1000,800,1200,1400,1600,Range from aircraft(meters),LAS returns,Water surface returns,Nadir angle,Relative spectral amplitude(range corrected)using 400 shot integration,TOD
9、WL returns collected over Monterey Bay,12 March 2002,Single shot data used to obtain 400 shot averageat 3 degrees off nadir,Water surface,Single shot data used to obtain 400 shot averageat 33 degrees off nadir,Water surface,TODWL signal as a function of nadir angle,Spectrum for range gate 20 associa
10、ted with the data shown in previous slide.The data has notbeen fully corrected for the aircraft forward motion,Water,LAS,Observing ocean wave motion and the atmosphericLayer Adjacent to the Surface(LAS),Monterey Bay12 March 2002,Investigation of Organized Large Eddieswithin the Marine Atmospheric Bo
11、undary Layer,Summary,In addition to horizontal and vertical winds,an airborneDoppler lidar can be used to study water surface motionsand their correlations with aerosols.These correlationshave significance in the interpretation of data obtainedwith space based lidars and also the parameterizationof
12、fluxes over water surfaces at wind speeds above thosethat produce whitecaps.The investigation of Organized Large Eddies will be among the objectives of futureTODWL flights,Acknowledgements,This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research through the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-piloted
13、Aircraft Studies and by the Integrated Program Office of NPOESS,TODWL,Twin Otter Doppler Wind Lidar,Funded by USN and IPO,First Flight Series11-15 Feb.2002,2 m lidar10 cm scanner(1st of its kind),Navy Twin OtterOperated by CIRPAS,Equipped for aerosolsampling,VADS to measureLOS component ofaircraft T
14、AS,Signals 5 km aheadof aircraft for backscatter calibration using particleprobes,PIs:Emmitt and Bluth,TODWL obtaining a wind profile above the aircraft,CTI,Particle Probe Cluster,Cloud Streets over Monterey Bay,February,2002,TODWL:participants,Simpson Weather Associates(SWA)G.D.Emmitt()Science lead
15、C.OHandley()Data processing and advanced algorithm developmentS.Greco()Ancillary data from sounders,buoys,numerical models and other data sources for comparison,Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies(CIRPAS)R.Bluth(rtbluthnps.navy.mil)Platform lead Nava Roy(nava_)Software sup
16、port Haf Jonsson(hjonssonnps.navy.mil)Aerosol probe data responsibility Mike Duncan(mhduncancirpas.org)Project oversight Roy Woods(rkwoodscirpas.org)Pilot and aircraft systems engineer Mike Hubbell()Chief pilot,Coherent Technologies Incorporated(CTI)Steve Shertz()TODWL would not have happened withou
17、t his technical support Phil Gatt()Project responsibility within CTI.Also provided experience based input to the operations of the TODWL lidar Rod Munson(RodneyM)Software support.University of Alabama at Huntsville(UAH)David Bowdle(David.Bowdlemsfc.nasa.gov)Aerosol/Lidar backscatter,University of Wa
18、shington(UW)Ralph Foster(ralphapl.washington.edu)Arranged for RADARSAT data collection over the Monterey Bay during TODWL flights.Robert Brown(rabrownatmos.washington.edu)Involved in the interpretation of QuikScat and RADARSAT data taken during TODWL under-flightsUnited States Geological Survey(USGS
19、)John Costa(jecostausgs.gov)Arranged for surface flow velocity observations on the San Joaquin River during TODWL overflights.NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory(ETL)M.Hardesty(michael.hardestynoaa.gov)Helped arrange for lidar operations during TODWL over flightsA.Brewer(abreweretl.noaa.gov)Operated NOAAs lidars during the overflights,
