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1、Gay is now a provincial key construction project of aluminum Ltd-province with an annual output of 50,000 tons of technical innovation project of environmental protection and energy saving of electrolytic aluminum project manager. In this technological transformation projects, he has overall respons
2、ibility for the day-to-day affairs of the project. In order to ensure that southern companys control the scale of investment, strengthen field management, pay special attention to project progress, and ensure a successful operation, the overall goal. He and Engineering Department under the leadershi
3、p of all the staff in the companys technical command, on the difficulties and to overcome technical difficulties in the process, work hard, have made outstanding achievements, mainly reflected in the following aspects: first, careful organization and management achieved remarkable results. Technical
4、 innovation project of the year, started and completed a series of bids and completed to date, from production engineering to put into production after nearly a year, has achieved very significant results. A project first 56 slots from dismantling the old slot just 168 days, civil engineering, insta
5、llation, commissioning, guarantee engineering quality under the premise, on the production side transformation under difficult conditions, created the national industrys fastest speeds. II 32 large prebaked electrolytic cell on November 7 has been installed, marks has an annual production capacity o
6、f 50,000 tons of electrolytic aluminum production capacity of aluminum. Entire project almost 8 months earlier than planned, achieved the goal of production transformation benefits that year, created favorable conditions for aluminum through South. Second, effectively control the investment. Project
7、 is subject to a scientific approach to bidding, bidding to make savings of 20 million Yuan, in the implementation process of the project, every domestic prices of steel, cement and other building materials, the old buildings on the base encountered great difficulties in dealing with significant inc
8、rease in the volume of civil engineering, but through rationalization and optimization, project control in fixed investment of 350 million Yuan. Third, environmental energy-saving effect of the project. Project investment of nearly 30 million Yuan, using large prebake technology and aluminum oxide d
9、ense phase and hyper dense phase conveying technology, fluoride and other harmful gases purification efficiency of up to 98%. Compared with Soderberg cell before the modification, power consumption can be reduced by 1500 tons of electrolytic aluminum, and project environmental protection and energy
10、saving effect is obvious. Four are in a relatively short period of time to the normal production. After four months of efforts, a project has put into operation all the 54 240KA large cell into regular production, stable current channel conditions and all the economic indicators are good, current ef
11、ficiency in October had reached 93%, is close to and reach the domestic advanced level. In the case of production half of the cell, this effect can be achieved and better level in the industry. 50,000 tons of electrolytic modification process, from preliminary study to equipment selection, cost cont
12、rol, project progress, quality control and coordination among the various sub-projects and various professional, technical command under the correct leadership, both from an overall perspective, emphasis on integrity, and earnestly implement the relevant laws and regulations, strictly act according
13、to the contract. He tried to learn relevant knowledge, good style of business, operational and organizational coordination ability, project efficiency, quality and safety assurance system in place, with all units involved with the coordination and good . 2014届毕业论文（设计）中交道安高速施工现场危险因素辨识与控制院 、 部： 安全与环境工
14、程学院 学生姓名： 何 指导教师：刘爱群 职称： 副教授 专 业： 安全工程 班 级： 安本1001班 完成时间： 2014年5月 摘 要安全是施工效益的关键点，也是项目施工顺利展开的前提保障。因此，有效的辨识危险因素并将危险因素控制在安全范围内将是项目施工安全中举足轻重的一环节。本文主要是针对道安高速公路施工现场进行危险因素辨识与控制，首先简单介绍了道安高速的概况、生产工艺、材料设备及施工现场安全现状的基本情况。重点对路基施工、桥梁施工、火工品管理及临时用电进行危险因素辨识，采用LEC和JHA分析其危险性，找到它运行的规律，划分危险因素的控制区域，并对各个施工区域进行有针对性的预防和隐患控制
15、。根据分析结果制定相应的安全技术措施、安全教育措施和安全管理措施，并通过建立应急预案预防紧急事故的处理，以此来确保项目工程的安全管理目标的顺利实现，确保所有工作人员的安全健康，最后实现项目工程的最优效益化。 关键字：危险因素辨识；危险性分析；隐患控制；应急预案ABSTRACT Safety is the key point of benefit construction, but also project construction on the premise of guarantee smoothly. Therefore, effective to identify risk factor
16、s and control the risk factors within the scope of the security will be important one link in project construction safety. this paper is mainly aimed at risk factors identification and control of highway construction field. firstly, introduced the dao an overview of the high-speed, simple production
17、 technology, materials, equipment and basic situation of the construction site safety situation. Key of roadbed construction, bridge construction, temporary electricity for initiating explosive device management and risk factors identification, using LEC and JHA analysis the risk, find it to run and
18、 control area division of risk factors, and the various construction area for targeted prevention and risk control. According to the analysis result to set up the corresponding safety technical measures, safety education and safety management measures, and through the establishment of contingency pl
19、ans to prevent accident and emergency handling, so as to ensure the safety of the project the smooth realization of the goal management, to ensure that all safety and health of workers, finally to achieve optimum projects efficiently. Key words:risk factors identification; Risk analysis; Risk contro
20、l; The emergency response plan 目 录1 前言12 道安高速项目工程简介22.1 工程概况22.2 项目施工工艺和施工机械设备材料22.2.1 项目施工工艺22.2.2 项目施工机械设备材料32.3 工程周边环境与施工作业环境32.4 道安高速施工现场的安全现状52.4.1 安全管理现状52.4.2 施工作业安全现状63 道安高速施工现场的危险因素辨识93.1 施工现场危险因素分类93.2 施工现场危险区域及其危险因素94 施工现场的危险因素分析124.1 作业条件危险性分析124.1.1 作业条件危险性分析方法124.1.2 施工现场作业条件危险性分析144.2
21、 人工挖孔桩作业危害分析154.2.1 作业危害分析方法154.2.2 人工挖孔桩作业危害分析过程与结果155 控制措施195.1 施工安全技术措施195.2 施工安全教育措施225.3 施工安全管理措施235.4 施工现场安全事故应急控制245.4.1 应急原则245.4.2 事故预防与预警245.4.3 应急响应256 结束语26参考文献27致 谢28附 录29Four outstanding works. They are derived from their own inner feelings. I also sent a student to attend the class De
22、partment speech contest, failed to get a good result, but also actively cooperate with the Department and class activities! in order to create a demonstration dorm room, our weekly class to every bedroom check, where proposed is insufficient. In order to clean up the bedroom, we use the brush brushe
23、s a bedroom again. For the class out of a force. In the event we, many projects did not get the desired results. But we understand that we tried, and in the struggle. Also has made good progress in many of the! in my class the work carried out and the results achieved, thanks to the concern and supp
24、ort of the Department, thanks to instructor teachers good, proper guidance, thanks to 46 students in the class will work closely together, to work together. Of course, we also have our weaknesses, needs to be further correction in their future learning and life, with a view to achieving greater resu
25、lts. Five declarations of good party branch branch is a fortress, a party member is a banner. Fighting in the railway engineering construction Group Headquarters Headquarters branches, a total of members 18. Role of the Xiang-GUI railway and tight South Lebanon railway, heavy, poor conditions of dis
26、advantage, the branch closely around the construction work. Holding high the flag of our party members, unite and lead staff on the difficulties, overcome difficulties, take the zhengyou, a job well done and an engineering task, won the highly valued by leaders at all levels. Since October last year
27、 since the project began, Headquarters Branch is tightly around the center of its activities. Face South, climate is wet, sooner or later temperature larger, specific difficult, I branch from thought requirements all workers active motivated, do can long-term hard, dare fight of spirit prepared, whi
28、le requirements all members lead, encouraged colleagues Zhijian each other help, each other learning business knowledge, overcome temporarily difficult, active into to engineering official starts of the prepared work in the to, play out has as a branch of fighting fortress role and members of pionee
29、r model role. Since its start, I command under the correct leadership of the party branch in the Group and the superior party, centering on building a qualified party branches, branch of the forts and the battle to play the exemplary vanguard role of party members, actively working. In command perso
30、nnel less, and task heavy of situation Xia, all members always according to party stronger, and style to are, and service better, and efficiency to high of requirements, from overall starting, better to completed has production organization, and coordination, and guarantees and the management work,
31、in engineering progress, and quality, and benefits, and safety, aspects are made has good of results, get has owners and the Group and grass-roots units of praise. First, give full play to the exemplary role of party members. The exemplary role of party members and cadres are silent on the command,
32、the exemplary role of party members and cadres are the best of the ideological and political education. We pay close attention to party building, requires political party members and cadres must take the lead in learning, set strict demands on themselves, .1 前言 安全是人类生存发展过程中永恒的主题。随着我国交通基础建设规模的不断扩大，建设
33、资源供给与需求不适应的状态日益凸显，经济社会发展方式的转变对工程安全提出了更高的要求，安全生产面临了前所未有的巨大压力。同时，随着近年来许多行业安全事故的频频发生，造成了很多人员伤亡和较大的财产损失，因此，危险控制与安全管理工作在临时施工工程领域受到了愈来愈多的关注1。面对这种社会压力，道安高速公路工程坚持贯彻“安全第一，预防为主”的安全生产方针，根据施工工程施工区域多、范围广的特点，重点对易发生重大事故的部位、环节进行危险控制，并制定相应的工程技术措施预防危险发生，同时参考安全标准化施工、安全生产法、安全生产规定等安全法律法规和安全生产标准操作，把工程管理的相关因素最优化，明确管理目标和标准
34、化的操作要求，严格将标准规范落实到安全生产的各个环节，以实现项目安全管理流程更加合理有效，施工现场更加有序，安全标准施工到位的长远目标。 “立久安之势，成长治之业”安全管理俨然是施工安全的关键点。本文主要是通过整合施工现场的具体情况对重点区域危险因素展开危险分析，针对路基施工、桥梁施工、火工品管理及临时用电方面从作业人员、施工环境、施工材料、施工机械设备、施工技术和工艺、施工管理等各个方面进行危险因素辨识，运用危险性条件作业分析、危险危害作业分析的方法全面分析危险因素的运行规律和特点，确定危险因素和危险区域的控制范围并对危险因素进行有针对性的预防和控制2。其次，加强施工现场的安全技术、安全教育
35、和安全管理的力度，建立应急预案，使突发事件可以有效的及时处理。安全是你我的责任，也是项目工程顺利推进的有效保障，因此，重视安全就是对项目工程的工作支持，也是创造经济效益的前提保障。2 道安高速项目工程简介2.1 工程概况 贵州省道真至新寨高速公路工可批复里程249.637km，初步设计里程253.973km，线路分为三段，分别为福寿场至河溪段（73.817km）、河溪至流河渡段（76.321km）、流河渡至陆家寨段（96.135km）。线路桥隧比例约40%，主线宽度24.5m，项目区域海拔高程约为6001070m，相对高差100200m，沿线不良地质主要有岩溶、崩塌危岩体、滑坡、软弱地基。项目
36、采用BOT+EPC的建设方式，由中交旗下路建、四航局、二公院组成联合体进行实施，成立了项目公司（贵州中交福和、和兴、兴陆高速公路发展有限公司）。 中交四航局第三工程有限公司负责道真至新寨高速公路流河渡至陆家寨段TJ23标段的施工任务。TJ23标位于瓮安县天文镇和木老坪乡境内（K225+810K235+050），长9.24Km。本项目全线按双向四车道高速公路标准建设，设计速度采用80km/h，整体式路基宽度采用24.5m，分离式路基宽度采用12.25m，桥涵设计荷载采用公路级。其中中交四航局第三航务工程局承建的TJ23标段包含陶家湾大桥、沙坝大桥、坪坝大桥等7座桥梁，1#、2#搅拌站，3个钢筋场
37、及其多条施工便道和涵洞。其中，桥梁基础采用人工挖孔灌注桩基础，圆桩桩径为1.5米2.2米不等，桥台基本采用扩大基础，墩身分别采用圆柱墩，桩顶均设置地系梁，墩顶设置盖梁，盖梁为非预应力盖梁，T梁半幅桥每跨5片。2.2 项目施工工艺和施工机械设备材料2.2.1 项目施工工艺 道安高速施工进度还在初级阶段，重点在路基、路面和桥涵工程的基础建设，但项目修建高速公路的施工生产工艺主要有： 1）路基工程工艺 路基挖土方：修建便道清理场地测量放样明确卸土地点分层、分区段开挖装车运土卸土地点人工修坡防护排水工程施工。 2）路面工程施工工艺 水泥稳定碎石基层、底基层：施工准备测量放样混合料拌制运输摊铺机摊铺、碾
38、压养生检测。 3）桥涵工程 桥梁主体工程：场地平整测量放样基础施工（钻孔桩）基础钢筋制作、安装（下钢筋笼）基础砼浇注（灌注砼）承台混凝土墩、台身钢筋制作、安装墩台砼砼墩（台）帽梁板预制、安装台背回填片石锥坡护栏座砼桥面铺装等附属工程。项目工程施工的每项工程都是按照标准的施工工艺有序开展的，所以，良好的施工工艺，可以很好的预防危险源和危险事故的发生。2.2.2 项目施工机械设备材料机械设备故障异常引起的事故危害层出不穷，加强对机械设备的管理与应用是施工现场安全管理的一项重要的环节。而道安高速公路主要的机械施工设备情况主要如表1所示。表1 施工机械设备和施工材料序号施工区域设备或材料名称1原材料区
39、水泥、碎石、机制砂、钢筋、型钢等；2钢筋场钢筋切断机，钢筋弯曲机、交流电焊机、卷扬机、高压水泵、架桥机、龙门吊、模板等；3搅拌站搅拌机、装载机、变压器、发电机、混泥土运输车等；4桥梁风暴机、电机卷扬机、平板车、挖机、鼓风机、塔吊、变压器、发电机等；5路基挖掘机、潜孔钻机、锚杆钻孔机、压路机、推土机、洒水机、汽车吊、空压机、发电机等。2.3 工程周边环境与施工作业环境道安高速公路TJ23标段位于贵州高原北部向四川盆地过渡的斜坡地，基本走行云贵高原面，路线区域位于贵州省中部偏北，路线位于瓮安县天文镇、木老坪乡、银盏镇、雍阳镇境内。工程项目部位于山脚下，四面环山、水源不足、接电困难，乡村居民较少，民
40、房分散，交通不是很便利，很多道路坑洼不平，且气候干燥，易发生火灾，多山石，开挖道路任务也很艰巨，因此，施工环境相对来说是很艰辛的。但民风淳朴，气候较为合宜，基本能满足日常生活需求，如图1所示。施工作业环境也比较艰巨，工程区域没有河流经过，水源不足，电供的情况基本难以满足内需，地下水位和天气环境也对施工有很大的影响。道路铺设很广很长，难以保证每条道路的可行性，雨天部分道路不能行走，但施工区域的作业环境良好，有很好的生活设施和安保设施，作业区域也比较井井有条，如图2所示。 图1 施工现场作业环境图 图2 施工现场作业环境图2.4 道安高速施工现场的安全现状2.4.1 安全管理现状 1）安全生产管理
41、机构道安高速公路TJ23标段成立了安全生产领导小组，由项目部经理为组长，各部门负责人、技术主管为成员组成，安全部负责开展日常安全生产管理工作。项目经理部安全生产管理组织机构由项目经理、各部门主管、专职安全员和兼职安全员组成，项目经理为安全生产管理委员会主任，办事机构设在安全部，由专职安全员负责处理日常事务，项目部安全管理机构网络如图3所示。 2）安全管理目标安全管理目标是施工安全生产的指向标，道安高速项目安全管理目标是：杜绝因工死亡，现场施工人员的年负伤率不大于0.05%；不发生工程事故，不发生高空坠落、支架坍塌责任事故；不发生重大设备操作事故、重大交通事故和重大火灾事故。职业健康安全目标：保
42、护职工身体健康，防止职业病的发生，完善施工管理安全措施，施工现场安全管理100达标3。其次，由专业的机械维修技工对机械设备有周期的进行检修，尤其是特种设备区域必须每周1次检查以上。6 结束语 本次论文主要研究的是道安高速公路施工现场的危险因素辨识与控制，讨论了工程项目施工中如何有效的辨识和控制危险因素，将项目工程分为不同的施工区域进行安全控制与管理，并采用危险性分析方法进行详细的分析，根据分析结果对危险因素进行有效的控制。其次，随着近年来许多行业安全事故的频频发生，安全控制与管理工作在临时施工工程领域受到了愈来愈多的关注，与国际标准环境与职业健康安全管理体系标准的推行相对应的，施工现场危险因素
43、辨识与控制对策的建立为预防安全事故的发生起到了一定的作用18。 参考文献1 建设工程安全生产管理条例S(国务院令393号)2 吴宗之，高进东.重大危险源辨识与控制M.北京:冶金工业出版社,2001.66-683 冯薇.职业健康安全管理体系培训教程M.国培认证培训中心.2004.1-44 张景林，林柏泉.安全学原理M.北京.中国劳动社会保障出版社.48-645 GB/T13816-2009生产过程危险和危害因素分类代码S.2009.18256 张志乐.建设工程施工项目危险源应用控制问题研究报告J.2012.05.44-487 孙俊伟.建筑施工安全生产危险源辨识与控制D.重庆大学.2007.10.
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45、J.2008年.18期：94-95 17 项目工程应急预案编制研究.J.建筑时报.潘文国.2006.11;55-5718 李慧民.我国建筑安全管理的现状及其思考.中国安全科学学J.2003.24-27 致 谢 本次论文设计主要是围绕道安高速公路TJ23标项目工程的现场危险因素辨识与控制，在这里感谢项目部全体领导同事对我实习工作的支持和鼓励，也感谢中交四航局三公司给我这个实习的机会。而安全工程这个专业给了我未来的一个方向，特别感谢安全与环境工程学院四年来给我的帮助和支持，让我能在学习期间学有所成，受益匪浅。 其次，这次论文从选题、成文到定稿都是在我的指导老师刘爱群老师的悉心指导下完成的，不管什么
46、时候，什么地点，刘老师都会尽可能的满足我们的需求，尤其是论文的构思及具体化的实际问题。她不断监督我时刻保持着对论文的思考和进展，她的渊博知识令我敬佩，对我的论文提出了许多宝贵的意见。在此，我诚挚的对刘老师表示最衷心的感谢。同时也感谢我的室友给我提供的无私帮助，在此表示衷心的感谢。我还要特别的感谢我的爸妈，他们的精神鼓励是我一直的动力源泉，太多的感谢需要表达，太多的恩情需要报答。在此，我也保证在以后还会更加的努力进取，不负众望。 最后，由衷的感谢在百忙中评阅论文和参加答辩的各位专家和教授。 附 录 附表一 危险因素辨识与控制措施附图一 道安高速施工区域平面布置图附图二 临时用电配电系统图附图三
47、陶家湾施工平面图附表一 危险因素控制措施11序号作业活动危险因素描述可能引起的事故控制措施1 施工现场临时用电各工点1、无临时用电施工组织设计；触电事故1、根据用电设备、台数和负荷编制切实可行的临时施工组织设计或临时用电措施，并经过电气专业人员严格审批实施；2、配电系统混接；2、执行施工现场临时用电安全技术规范JGJ462005；3、现场临时用电采用TN-S保护接零系统三级配电两级保护“一机、一闸、一箱、一漏”装置；3、电气设备选材不标准和安装不规范；4、配电箱、电器元件、电缆的选用配备符合国家标准，并严格按规范和施工组织设计安装，电缆按规范架设或敷设，并经过有关人员验收才能交付使用；4、非电工人员维护电气设备；
