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1、测绘学名词 本文共7页 当前为第1页01.总 类序码汉文名英文名注 释01.001 测绘学surveyingand mapping, SM01.002 中华人民共和国测绘法Law ofSurveying and Mapping of the Peoples Republicof China01.003 测绘标准standardsof surveying and mapping01.004测量规范specificationsof surveys01.005地形图图式topographicmap symbols01.006大地测量学geodesy01.007地球形状earthshape, figu
2、re of the earth01.008重力基准网gravitystandard network01.009重力场gravityfield01.010地心坐标系geocentriccoordinate system01.011地球椭球earthellipsoid01.012大地原点geodeticorigin01.013水准原点levelingorigin01.014测量标志surveymark01.015测量觇标observationtarget01.016高程基准heightdatum01.0171954年北京坐标系Beijinggeodetic coordinate system195
3、401.018高程系统heightsystem01.019平均海体面meansea level01.020黄海平均海水面Huanghaimean sea level01.021海拔heightabove sea level01.022海军导航卫星系统NavyNavigation Satellite System，NNSS01.023 NAVSTAR全球定位系统NAVSTARlobal positioningSystem， NAVSTAR GpS01.024惯性测量系统inertial surveying system，ISS01.025摄影测量与遥感学photogrammetryand rem
4、ote sensing01.026航空摄影测量aerophotogrammetry,aerial photogrammetry01.027航天摄影测量space photogrammetry 又称“太空摄影测量”。01.028非地形摄影测量non-topographicphotogrammetry01.029水下摄影测量underwaterphotogrammetry01.030航空航天摄影aerospace photogrammetry01.031航空遥感aerialremote sensing01.032航天遥感spaceremote sensing01.033图象image01.034影
5、象image,imagery01.035图形Graphics01.036判读interpretation 又称“判释”、“解译”。01.037模拟摄影测量analogphotogrammetry01.038解析摄影测量analyticalphotogrammetry，numerical photogrammetry01.039数字摄影测量digitalphotogrammetry01.040数字地图模型digitalderrain model,DTM又称“数值地型”。01.041遥感图象处理imageprocessing of remotesenssing01.042遥感模式识别pattern
6、recognition of remotesensing01.043地图制图学cartography 又称“地图学”。01.044地理坐标网geographicgraticule01.045经纬网fictitiousgraticule01.046方里网kilometergrid01.047邻带方里网grid ofneighboring zone01.048坐标格网coordinategrid01.049地理坐标参考系geographicalreference system，GEOREF01.050地图maP01.051地形图topographic map01.052平面图plan01.053普
7、通地图generalmap01.054专题地图thematicmap01.055地图集atlas01.056地球仪globe01.057地图规范mapspecifications01.058地图生产mapproduction01.059地图投影mapprojecrion01.060地图编制Mapcompilation 又称“编图”。01.061地图复制mapreproduction01.062地图印刷mapprinting01.063地图利用map use01.064地图量算cartometry01.065机助地图制图computeraided cartography，computerassi
8、sted cartography,CAC01.066自动化制图automaticcartography01.067自动绘图automaticplotting01.068图形显示graphicdisplay01.069遥感制图remotesensing mapping01.070地名学toponomastics,toponymy01.071地名geographicalname, place name01.072工程测量学engineeringsurveying01.073比例尺scale01.074基本比例尺basicscale01.075等高线contour01.076等高距contourin
9、terval01.077测量平差surveyadjustment， adjustment of observations01.078精度估计precision estimation01.079精密度precision01.080准确度accuracy01.081偶然误差accidenterror01.082系统误差systematicerror01.083粗差grosserror01.084常差constanterror01.085多余观测redundantobservation01.086闭合差closingerror, closure01.087限差tolerance01.088相对误差r
10、elativeerror01.089绝对误差absoluteerror01.090中误差meansquare error01.091误差椭圆errorellipse01.092边长中误差mean square error of side length01.093测角中误差mean square error of angle observation01.094方位角中误差mean square error of azimuth01.095坐标中误差mean square error of coordinate01.096点位中误差mean square error of a point01.09
11、7高程中误差mean square error of height01.098国土基础信息系统land base information system01.099大地控制数据库geodetic data base01.100重力数据库gravimetric data base01.101地形数据库topographic data base01.102地理信息系统geographical information system，GIS01.103地图数据库map data base01.104地图数据库管理系统cartographic data basemanagement system01.10
12、5地名数据库placename data base01.106地籍信息系统cadastral information system01.107土地信息系统land information system，LIS01.108制图专家系统cartographic expert system01.109海洋测绘hydrographic surveying andcharting01.110测绘仪器instrument of surveying and mapping01.111大地测量仪器geodetic instrument01.112测距仪distance measuring instrument
13、，rangefinder01.113重力仪gravimeter01.114定位系统positioning system01.115摄影测量仪器photogrammetric instrument01.116立体测图仪stereoplotter01.117数字摄影测量工作站 digital photogrammetric station01.118全数字化自测图系统 full digital automatic mappingsystem01.119图形输入设备graphic input unit01.120图形输出设备graphic output unit01.121中国测绘学会Chinese
14、 Society of Surveying andMapping， CSSM01.122国际测绘联合会International Union of Surveyingand Mapping， IUSM01.123国际测量师联合会Federation Internationale desGeometres，FIG（法）01.124国际大地测量学与地球物理学 International Union of Geodesy andGeophysics， IUGG01.125国际大地测量学协会 International Association of Geodesy IAG01.126国际摄影测量与遥感
15、学会International Society forPhotogrammetry and RemoteSensing，ISPRS01.127国际地图学协会International CartographicAssociation，ICA01.128国际海道测量组织International HydrographyOrganization, IHO02大地测量学02.001大地测量 geodetic surveying 02.002几何大地测量学geometric geodesy 02.003椭球面大地测量学ellipsoidal geodesy 02.004大地天文学geodetic ast
16、ronomy 02.005物理大地测量学(又称“大地重力学”) physical geodesy 02.006空间大地测量学space geodesy 02.007卫星大地测量学satellite geodesy 02.008动力大地测量学dynamic geodesy 02.009海洋大地测量学marine geodesy 02.010月面测量学lunar geodesy，selenodesy 02.011行星测量学planetary geodesy 02.012天文大地网(又称“国家大地网”)astro-geodetic network 02.013参考椭球reference ellips
17、oid 02.014贝塞尔椭球Bessel ellipsoid 02.015海福德椭球Hayford ellipsoid 02.016克拉索夫斯基椭球Krasovsky ellipsoid 02.017参考椭球定位orientation of reference ellipsoid 02.018大地基准geodetic datum 02.019大地坐标系geodetic coordinate system 02.020弧度测量arc measurement 02.021拉普拉斯方位角Laplace azimuth 02.022拉普拉斯点Laplace point 02.023三角测量trian
18、gulation 02.024三角点triangulation point 02.025三角锁triangulation chain 02.026三角网triangulation network 02.027图形权倒数weight reciprocal of figure 02.028菲列罗公式Ferreros formula 02.029施赖伯全组合测角法Schreiber method in all combinations 02.030方向观测法method of direction observation，method by series 02.031测 回observation se
19、t 02.032归心元素elements of centring 02.033归心改正correction for centring 02.034水平折光差(又称“旁折光差”) horizontal refraction error 02.035基线测量base measurement 02.036基线baseline 02.037基线网base network 02.038精密导线测量precise traversing 02.039三角高程测量trigonometric leveling 02.040三角高程网trigonometric leveling network 02.041铅垂线
20、plumb line 02.042天顶距zenith distance 02.043高度角elevation angle， altitude angle 02.044垂直折光差vertical refraction error 02.045垂直折光系数vertical refraction coefficient 02.046国家水准网national leveling network 02.047精密水准测量Precise leveling 02.048水准面level surface 02.049高程height 02.050正高orthometric height 02.051正常高no
21、rmal height 02.052力高 dynamic height 02.053地球位数geopotential number 02.054水准点benchmark 02.055水准路线leveling line 02.056跨河水准测量rivercrossing leveling 02.057椭球长半径major radius of ellipsoid 02.058椭球扁率flattening of ellipsoid 02.059椭球偏心率eccentricity of ellipsoid 02.060子午面meridian plane 02.061子午圈meridian 02.062
22、卯酉圈prime vertical 02.063平行圈parallel circle 02.064法截面normal section 02.065子午圈曲率半径radius of curvature in meridian 02.066卯酉圈曲率半径radius of curvature in prime vertical 02.067平均曲率半径mean radius of curvature 02.068大地线geodesic 02.069大地线微分方程differential equation of geodesic 02.070大地坐标geodetic coordinate 02.07
23、1大地经度geodetic longitude 02.072大地纬度geodetic latitude 02.073大地高geodetic height，ellipsoidal height 02.074大地方位角geodetic azimuth 02.075天文大地垂线偏差astrogeodetic deflection of the vertical 02.076垂线偏差改正correction for deflection of the vertical 02.077标高差改正correction for skew normals 02.078截面差改正correction from n
24、ormal section to geodetic 02.079大地主题正解direct solution of geodetic problem 02.080大地主题反解 inverse solution of geodetic problem 02.081高斯中纬度公式Gauss midlatitude formula 02.082贝塞尔大地主题解算公式Bessel formula for solution of geodetic problem 02.083高斯一克吕格投影GaussKruger projection又称“高斯投影”。 02.084归化纬度reduced latitude
25、 02.085等量纬度isometric latitude 02.086中央子午线central meridian 02.087分带子午线zone dividing meridian 02.088高斯平面子午线收敛角Gauss grid convergence 02.089高斯投影距离改正distance correction In Gauss projection 02.090高斯投影方向改正arctochord correction In Gauss projection 02.091底点纬度latitude of pedal 02.092高斯平面坐标Gauss plane coordin
26、ate 02.093坐标方位角grid bearing 02.094天文点astronomical point 02.095基本天文点fundamental astronomical point 02.096本初子午线prime meridian 02.097经度起算点origin of longitude 02.098极移polar motion 02.099瞬时极instantaneous pole 02.100平极mean pole 02.101固定平极fixed mean pole 02.102历元平极mean pole of the epoch 02.103国际协议原点Convent
27、ional International Origin，CIO 02.104地极坐标coordinates of the pole 02.105地球自转参数earth rotation parameter，ERP 02.106恒星时Sidereal time 02.107世界时universal tim ，UT 02.108协调世界时coordinated universal time，UTC 02.109天文年历astronomical ephemeris，astronomical almanac 02.110FK4星表Fourth Fundamental Catalogue， FK4 02.
28、111FK5星表Fifth Fundamental Catalogue， FK5 02.112天文坐标astronomical coordinate 02.113天文经度astronomical longitude 02.114天文纬度astronomical latitude 02.115天文方位角astronomical azimuth 02.116津格尔星对测时法（又称“东西星等高测时法”）method of time detemination by Zinger starpair 02.117中天法transit method 02.118恒星中天测时法method of time d
29、etermination by star transit 02.119塔尔科特测纬度法Talcott method of latitude determination 02.120多星等高法equalaltitude method of multistar 02.121北极星任意时角法method by hour angle of Polaris 02.122时号time signal 02.123平时式时号meantime signal 02.124协调世界时时号time signal in UTC 02.125收时time receiving 02.126时号改正数correction t
30、o time signal 02.127电波传播时延改正correction for radio wave propagation of time signal 02.128轴颈误差error of pivot 02.129人仪差personal and instrumental equation 02.130星径曲率改正correction for curvature of star image path 02.131重力位gravity potential 02.132重力gravity 02.133引力gravitation 02.134离心力centrifugal force 02.1
31、35引力位gravitational potential 02.136离心力位potential of centrifugal force 02.137正常引力位normal gravitational potential 02.138正常重力位normal gravity potential 02.139地球位geopotential又称“大地位”。 02.140扰动位disturbing potential 02.141正常重力normal gravity 02.142正常重力线normal gravity line 02.143正常重力公式normal gravity formula 0
32、2.144扰动重力disturbing gravity 02.145平均地球椭球mean earth ellipsoid 02.146正常椭球normal ellipsoid 02.147水准椭球level ellipsoid 02.148大地测量参考系geodetic reference system 02.149地心引力常数geocentric gravitational constant 02.150地球长半径major semiaxis of the earth 02.151地球扁率flattening factor for the earth，oblateness of the ea
33、rth 02.152地球自转角速度rotational angular velocity of the earth 02.153地球重力模型earth gravity model 02.154地球位系数potential coefficient of the earth 02.155带谐系数coefficient of zonal harmonics 02.156扇谐系数coefficient of sectorial harmonics 02.157田谐系数coefficient of tesseral harmonics 02.158克莱罗定理Clairaut theorem 02.159
34、大地测量边值问题geodetic boundary value problem 02.160斯托克斯理论Stokes theory 02.161斯托克斯公式Stokes formula 02.162莫洛坚斯基理论Molodensky tneory 02.163莫洛竖斯基公式Molodensky formula 02.164布耶哈马问题Bjerhammar problem 02.165布隆斯公式Bruns formula 02.166费宁梅内斯公式VeningMeinesz formula 曾用名“维宁曼乃兹公式”。 02.167大地水准面geoid 02.168调整大地水准面cogeoid又称
35、“共大地水准面”。 02.169似大地水准面quasigeoid 02.170近似地形面telluroid 02.17I大地水准面起伏geoldal undulation 02.172大地水准面高geoldal height 02.173高程异常height anomaly 02.174天文水准astronomical leveling 02.175天文重力水准astrogravimetric leveling 02.176垂线偏差deflection of the vertical 02.177绝对垂线偏差absolute deflection of the vertical 02.178重
36、力垂线偏差gravimetric deflection of the vertical 02.179重力测量gravity measurement，gravimetry 02.180微重力测量microgravimetry 02.181绝对重力测量absolute gravity measurement 02.182相对重力测量relative gravity measurement 02.183航空重力测量airborne gravity measurement 02.184重力梯度测量gravity gradient measurement， gradiometry 02.185重力基线g
37、ravimetric baseline 02.186重力点gravimetric point 02.187基本重力点basic gravimetric point 02.188世界重力基点worldwide gravimetric basic point 02.189波茨坦重力系统Potsdam absolute gravimetric system 02.190零漂改正correction of zero drift 02.191重力潮汐改正correction of gravity measurement for tide 02.192重力归算gravity reduction 02.19
38、3空间改正 freeair correction 02.194地形改正topographic correction 02.195法伊改正Faye correction 02.196庞加莱改正Poincar correction 02.197地壳均衡改正isostatic correction 02.198布格改正Bouguer correction 02.199重力异常gravity anomaly 02.200布格异常Bouguer anomaly 02.201空间异常freeair anomaly 02.202混合重力异常mixed gravity anomaly 02.203纯重力异常p
39、ure gravity anomaly 02.204重力垂直梯度vertical gradient of gravity 02.205重力水平梯度horizontal gradient of gravity 02.206重力异常阶方差degree variance of gravity anomaly 02.207协方差函数covariance function 02.208固体潮 solid Earth tide 02.209固体潮观测observation of Earth tide 02.210地倾斜观测ground tilt measurement 02.211地壳形变测量crust
40、deformation measurement 02.212监测网monitoring network 02.213引潮位tidegenerating potential 02.214引潮力tidegenerating force 02.215平衡潮equilibrium tide 02.216载荷潮load tide 02.217附加位additional potential 02.218潮汐波tidal wave 02.219潮汐频谱tidal spectrum 02.220杜德森常数Doodson constant 02.221勒夫数Loves number 02.222志田数Shida
41、s number 02.223潮汐因子tidal factor 02.224相位滞后phase lag 02.225地球液核动力效应dynamic effect of liquid core of the earth 02.226地球动力扁率dynamic ellipticity of the earth 02.227地球动力因子dynamic factor of the earth 02.228地壳均衡说isostasy hypothesis 02.229地壳均衡isostasy 02.230大陆漂移continental drift 02.231板块运动plate movement 02.232卫星大地测量几何法geometr
