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6、 nakldn a vykldn mus odpovdat JT3130 auto pslun ustanoven pedpis o peprav nebezpench vc. (2) personl zabvajc se nakldky a vykldky nebezpench vc, mus bt provedena podle pslunch pedpis sttn pracovn kolen s profesn diplom operace post. (3)We will continue to improve the companys internal control system
7、, and steady improvement in ability to manage and control, optimize business processes, to ensure smooth processes, responsibilities in place; to further strengthen internal controls, play a control post independent oversight role of evaluation complying with third-party responsibility; to actively
8、make use of internal audit tools detect potential management, streamline, standardize related transactions, strengthening operations in accordance with law. Deepening the information management to ensure full communication zero resistance. To constantly perfect ERP, and BFS+, and PI, and MIS, and SC
9、M, information system based construction, full integration information system, achieved information resources shared; to expand Portal system application of breadth and depth, play information system on enterprise of Assistant role; to perfect daily run maintenance operation of records, promote prob
10、lem reasons analysis and system handover; to strengthening BFS+, and ERP, and SCM, technology application of training, improve employees application information system of capacity and level. Humanistic care to ensure zero. To strengthening Humanities care, continues to foster company wind clear, and
11、 gas are, and heart Shun of culture atmosphere; strengthening love helped trapped, care difficult employees; carried out style activities, rich employees life; strengthening health and labour protection, organization career health medical, control career against; continues to implementation psycholo
12、gical warning prevention system, training employees health of character, and stable of mood and enterprising of attitude, created friendly fraternity of Humanities environment. To strengthen risk management, ensure that the business of zero risk. To strengthened business plans management, will busin
13、ess business plans cover to all level, ensure the business can control in control; to close concern financial, and coal electric linkage, and energy-saving scheduling, national policy trends, strengthening track, active should; to implementation State-owned assets method, further specification busin
14、ess financial management; to perfect risk tube control system, achieved risk recognition, and measure, and assessment, and report, and control feedback of closed ring management, improve risk prevention capacity. To further standardize trading, and strive to achieve according to law, standardize and
15、 fair. Innovation of performance management, to ensure that potential employees zero fly. To strengthen performance management, process control, enhance employee evaluation and levels of effective communication to improve performance management. To further quantify and refine employee standards . Wo
16、rk, full play party, and branch, and members in five type Enterprise construction in the of core role, and fighting fortress role and pioneer model role; to continues to strengthening four good leadership construction, full play levels cadres in enterprise development in the质 量 体 系 作 业 文 件钻孔灌注桩施工作业指
17、导书文件编号:实施日期: 受控状态:(盖章受控)发放编号:发 送 给:编 制 概 况编制部门:工程管理部 编制人: 日期:审核人职务:项目总工程师 姓 名: 日期:批准人职务:项目经理 姓 名: 日期:序 号会签部门职 务姓 名日 期12345678910作业文件修改记录单修改日期页号条款修改内容修改单号批准人修改人钻孔灌注桩施工作业指导书一、旋转钻机成孔原理旋转钻机的电动机将动力经由机械传动系统传送至转盘旋转设备,带动中心钻杆转动,将扭转动力传递至钻锥;钻锥受扭转切削土层;用泥浆泵将泥浆经空心钻杆压入孔底后,在钻杆外上升。泥浆将钻碴悬浮出孔外,并起护壁作用。带有钻碴的泥浆经过沉淀净化后,进入
18、储浆池循环使用。成孔、清孔、放置钢筋笼后,用直升导管法灌注水下混凝土。详见下图:二、 施工工艺主要包括施工准备、钻孔桩成孔和灌注水下混凝土三个作业阶段。2.1施工准备2.1.1钻孔作业场地内应平整坚实,以承受钻机重量;遇到软土需作加固处理;在浅水中应筑岛。2.1.2制作、埋设护筒,护筒内径应大于桩径约20cm,为防止护筒变形,钢护筒采用10mm厚钢板制作。埋置深度不小于2.0m,在旱地或筑岛时还应高出施工地面0.5m。且护筒底口要埋入坚实地层以下不少于50cm;在旱地或岸滩,采用挖埋法,四周用粘土回填,并分层夯实。筑岛时,应将护筒加长,应埋置在坚实地层以下50cm。护筒埋设完毕后,在前后左右2
19、m处设置护桩,护桩自始至终要妥善保护。护筒埋设应符合以下规定:(1)岸滩上,黏性土应不小于1m,砂类土应不小于2m。当表层土松软时,宜将护筒埋置到较坚硬密实的土层中至少0.5m。岸滩上埋设护筒,应在护筒四周回填黏土并分层夯实。可用锤击、加压、振动等方法下沉护筒。(2)水中筑岛上,护筒宜埋入河床面以下1m;水中平台上可按最高施工水位、流速、冲刷及地质条件等因素确定埋深,必要时打入不透水层。(3) 护筒顶面中心与设计桩位偏差不得大于5cm,倾斜度不得大于1%。在水中平台上下沉护筒,应有导向设备控制护筒位置。2.1.3砌筑泥浆池,安装拌浆机,空压机和供水管道。2.1.4泥浆配置:泥浆采用优质粘土拌制
20、(泥浆参数见表1),拌合好后的泥浆储备在泥浆池内,拌制时应根据施工用量控制泥浆量,钻孔时由泵送至钻机。表1 泥浆性能指标地层情况相对密度粘度(s)含砂率(%)胶体率(%)失水量(ml/30min)泥皮厚(mm/30min)静切力(pa)PH值一般地层1.05-1.2016-224962521.0-2.58-10易坍地层1.20-1.4519-2849615023-58-10调制泥浆用粘土的数量可按下述公式计算,一根桩需要的总粘土量按计算量再增加6%考虑。Q=(2-1)1/(1-1)式中:Q每m3泥浆所需的粘土质量,kg;1粘土的密度,kg/m3;2要求的泥浆密度,kg/m3。本工程入孔泥浆比重
21、为1.11.3。4.1.5导管使用前应进行水密承压,试压压力宜为孔底静水压力的1.5倍。(本工程采用0.9Mpa)导管应按自上而下顺序编号并标示尺度。2.2成孔工艺2.2.1 成孔工艺流程,见工艺流程图测量孔位埋设护筒安装钻机调平钻机底座并对正桩位钻 进到位后清孔检查成孔质量提钻、钻机移位2.2.2 钻机的安装立好钻架并调整和安设好起吊系统,将钻头吊起,徐徐放进护筒内。启动卷扬机把转盘吊起,垫方木于转盘底座下面,将钻机调平并对准钻孔。然后装上转盘,要求动力头主轴中心同转架上的起吊滑轮中心及孔口中心在同一铅垂线上,钻杆位置偏差不得大于2cm。在钻进过程中要经常用吊锤检查转盘及钻杆垂直度,如有倾斜
22、或位移,应及时纠正。 卷扬机钢丝绳应牢固地卡在卷筒上,并认真检查各处绳卡,防止松脱。在方钻杆上端安装提引水龙头,在水龙头上端连接输浆胶管,将输浆胶管接到泥浆泵上,把提引水龙头吊环挂到起吊系统的滑轮吊钩上。取走转盘中心的方形套,启动卷扬机吊起方钻杆穿过转盘并牢固地联结到钻头,装好方形套夹住方钻杆,准备钻进。2.2.3 初钻开动钻机前要检查泥浆指标,符合要求后,再按顺序接合离合器、变速箱、换向器、操纵手把,使动力头和卷扬机正常运转,待泥浆输进钻孔中一定数量后,开始钻进。接长钻杆时,先卸去方形套,提升方钻杆达到钻头与钻杆相连处露出转盘为止。用钻杆夹持器卡住钻头并支承于转盘,卸去方钻杆。然后吊起一节圆
23、钻杆,连接于钻头,卸去夹持器,把圆钻杆连同钻头放入钻孔。当圆钻杆上端接近转盘时,照上述用夹持器支持圆钻杆,松吊绳,将方钻杆吊来与圆钻杆联结,撤去夹持器,把方钻杆降入转盘内并安好方形套,继续钻进。以后需再接长钻杆时,照以上步骤在方钻杆同圆钻杆之间加接圆钻杆即可,一直钻孔到需要深度为止。卸去时亦同样办理,只是把接长改为减短。接、卸钻杆的动作要迅速、安全,争取尽快完成,以免停钻时间过长,增加孔底沉碴厚度。2.2.4 钻进时操作要点 开始钻进时,进尺要适当控制,在护筒刃脚处,应低档慢速钻进,使刃脚处有坚固的泥皮护壁。钻至刃脚下lm后,可按土质以正常速度钻进。如护筒外侧土质松软发现漏浆时,可提起钻锥,向
24、孔中倒人粘土,再放下钻锥倒转,使胶泥挤入孔壁堵住漏浆孔隙,稳住泥浆继续钻进。在粘质土中钻进,由于泥浆粘性大,钻锥所受阻力也大,易糊钻。宜选用尖底钻锥、中等转速、大泵量、稀泥浆钻进;在软土层或砂类土钻进时,易坍孔。宜选用平底钻锥、控制进尺、轻压、低档慢速、大泵量、稠泥浆钻进;在硬土层或岩层中钻进时,可采用岩心钻或牙轮钻头钻进。终孔后,应检查钻孔直径和竖直度。检查工具可用圆钢筋笼(外径为1m,高度为4m)吊入孔内,使圆笼中心与钻孔中心符合,如上下各处均无挂阻,则说明钻孔直径和竖直度符合要求。2.2.5 泥浆补充与净化开钻前应调制足够数量的泥浆,钻进过程中如泥浆有损耗、漏失或泥浆比重低于要求时,应予
25、补充。并应按表 1要求,按时检查泥浆指标,遇土层变化应增加检查次数,并适当调整泥浆指标。每钻进2m或地层变化处,应在泥浆槽中捞取钻渣样品,查明土类并记录,以便与设计资料核对。泥浆采用制浆池,储浆池,沉淀池并用循环槽连接进行泥浆循环净化,泥浆从护筒、出浆槽、沉淀池至贮浆池均依靠重力自流,因此,各出浆口的标高要依顺序降低,从贮浆池到钻孔用泥浆泵压进。2.2.6 减压钻进回转钻深孔时,若从主吊钩以下的提引水龙头、钻杆到钻锥全部钻具重力都作用于钻孔底部,则细长的钻杆容易受压而弯曲,造成钻孔也随着弯曲,发生扩孔率较大的现象。为避免此现象须采取减压钻进,即将主吊钩稍提携一些,使孔底承受的钻压不超出钻锥重力
26、和压重块重力之和扣除浮力后的80,这样可使钻杆不受压力,而且还受一部分拉力,在整个钻进过程中因受拉而维持竖直状态,使钻锥回转平稳,避免或减少斜孔、弯孔和扩孔现象。钻压值一般按经验估计,直径1m的孔最大钻压为20KN左右,根据钻压值和上述80的要求可算出配重块的质量。钻压的调整方法:一般在大吊钩滑车组的钢丝绳终端设一电阻式拉传感器,传感器输出电压信号传给操纵室中的电子秤。钢丝绳拉力达到一定值时,电子秤就给出信号,提升大钩的卷扬机会自动松绳,钻锥则自动给进。2.2.7 清孔终孔后,停止进尺,稍提转锥离孔底10cm-20cm空转,并保持泥浆正常循环,以中速将相对密度1.031.1的较纯泥浆压入,把钻
27、孔内悬浮钻渣较多的泥浆换出。使清孔后泥浆的含砂率降到2%以下,粘度为17s20s,相对密度为1.031.1,且孔底沉淀土厚度不大于设计规定的量值时,即可终止清孔,根据钻孔直径和深度,换浆时间约为4h8h。清孔时,保持钻孔内的水位高出地下水位1.52.0m,以防止坍孔。2.2.8 成孔质量检查成孔后按照规范要求对孔径、孔位、孔形、孔深、孔底沉渣厚度、钻孔垂直度等逐项检查并记入钻孔记录和检查证中。表2 钻孔成孔质量标准表项 目允 许 偏 差孔的中心位置(mm)群桩:100;单排桩:50孔径(mm)不小于1m倾斜度小于1%桩长孔深比设计深度超深不小于50mm沉淀厚度(cm)不大于20清孔后泥浆指标相
28、对密度:1.031.10 ,含砂率:2%三、水下混凝土灌注成桩工艺3.1混凝土灌注工艺流程复测孔深放置钢筋笼搭设水下混凝土灌注平台放置导管、漏斗水下混凝土灌注凿除桩头3.2 钢筋笼吊装就位3.2.1用吊车吊钢筋笼时,对准孔位轻放、慢放。若遇障碍则徐徐正向旋转使之下放,防止碰撞孔壁而引起塌孔,过程中注意观察孔内水位变化情况,如有异常,马上停止,检查处理。3.2.2钢筋笼入孔接长采用机械(直螺纹、正反丝)连接以利于施工,做到上下节轴线在同一直线上。钢筋笼入孔后,钢筋笼顶部焊接定位网架。要牢固定位,采取控制钢筋笼上部定位钢筋的方法来防止在灌注水下砼过程中钢筋笼下落或被孔底砼顶托上升,并用于定位对中。
29、3.2.3 水下砼灌注灌注混凝土前,应检查泥浆比重及孔底沉碴厚度,各项指标均符合要求时,才能进行灌注。如沉碴厚度超标时,应进行二次清孔。采用直径250mm的钢质导管,管壁厚度4mm,节长2.5m,最下一节导管长为4m,导管试拼后,轴线偏差不宜超过孔深的0.5%且不宜大于10cm。导管连接时螺旋丝扣的螺帽应在上,接头必须有防松动装置。导管使用前应进行水密承压,试压压力宜为孔底静水压力的1.5倍。导管应按自上而下顺序编号并标示尺度。在井口四周设置工作平台,以利于拆除提升的导管。灌注前将导管下放至距孔底沉碴0.3m0.5m处,导管位于孔位中央,在浇筑混凝土前,应进行升降试验。导管吊装升降设备能力,应
30、与全部导管充满混凝土后的总重量和摩阻力相适应,并应有一定的安全储备。将导管上口接漏斗,在接口处设隔水栓,以隔绝砼与导管内水的接触,在漏斗内备足砼后,放开隔水栓,存备的砼连同隔水栓向孔底急速下落,孔内水位将向外骤然溢流,首批灌注混凝土的数量应能满足导管首次埋置深度(不宜小于1m且不宜大于3m)和填充导管底部的需要。继续浇筑的混凝土不得再与水有接触.水下混凝土应连续灌注,中途不得停顿,每根导管间歇时间视具体情况而定,但不宜大于30分钟,混凝土坍落度为1822cm。每根桩宜在8小时内完成浇筑。在灌注过程中,随时测量和记录孔内砼灌注标高和导管入孔长度,控制和保证导管埋入孔内有适当的深度(13m),防止
31、导管提升过猛,管底提离砼面或埋入过浅而使导管进水造成断桩夹泥。同时,防止导管埋入过深而造成导管内砼压不出去或导管被砼埋住不能提升导致中止浇灌而断桩,导管埋入砼的深度由灌注速度和砼性质决定. 随着砼不断灌入孔桩,孔内初期灌注的砼及其上面的水或泥浆不断被顶托升高,相应地不断提升导管和拆除导管,直至钻孔灌注砼完毕。灌注过程中试验人员在现场取样。每根桩作混凝土检查试件不少于三组。灌柱的桩顶标高比设计标高高1.0m,待一个墩的最后一根桩砼强度达到设计强度的60%时,准确测量桩顶标高后,凿除高出设计部分的浮浆和砼,确保桩顶砼的质量。浇筑过程现场专业工程师要做好混凝土浇筑记录。四 施工机具4.1 CQ-15
32、型钻机,主要性能见表3表3 CQ-15型钻机主要性能参数钻孔口径(mm)钻孔深度(m)主动钻杆(cm)孔内钻杆(mm)动力头扭矩(Kn.m)电动机功率(kw)外形尺寸(cm)钻机重量(t)60015005018*18*46016822.137kw362*214*2705.94.2 自制钢钻架。4.3 PN型离心式泥浆泵。4.4 混凝土施工设备: 750L强制式拌和机2台;HBT60C型凝土输送泵一台,输送泵管300m。4.5 250mm导管60m及配套的2m3混凝土储存斗。4.6 起重机械:25T汽车吊一台。4.7 根据现场需要,适当配备其他施工机具及照明设备4.8 DP200型柴油发电机组4
33、组。五 、劳动力组织5.1 成孔作业:正循环回转钻进每台班一般配备68人,其中钻机司机、吊机司机、值班技术人员、电力、机修工各1人,装卸钻杆及清碴36人。5.2钢筋笼作业:焊工4人,钢筋工10人,电力、机修工各1人。5.3 混凝土作业:混凝土后仓操作人员20人,包括上料、拌和机及输送泵司机;前台浇注现场值班技术人员2人,电力、机械修理工各1人,焊工2人,钢筋工4人,混凝土工4人,起重机司机1人,安全员1人。六、施工应注意的问题1、施工放样、桩基定位准确无误,保护控位桩安设稳固。2、钻机就位前,设备要进行调试;就位稳固,地质条件差的部位进行换填处理或增设风缆加以固定,避免桩孔倾斜和偏位。3、钢护
34、筒按设计要求定做,钢护筒的埋设位置准确无误。4、做好钻进前的其它准备工作:水下砼的试配、钢筋笼的制作、泥浆的制备等。5、做好地质情况的原始记录,并与设计图进行核对,如有不符及时提出。6、钻进过程中注意:不同地质条件采用不同的泥浆比重和不同的进尺,控制钻机的推进速度。钻进过程要有专人做钻孔记录,详细记录每个台班钻进的深度和地质情况、作业人员及天气情况。7、孔深达到设计位置后,核对无误后及时通知质检人员、现场监理人员进行检查并清孔。8、做好各种工程检查证。9、出现异常情况及时上报,采取有效的处理办法。10、要严格按工艺规程和操作规程施工,相邻桩的钻孔只有在中心距离5m以内的任何桩的混凝土浇筑完毕2
35、4小时后,才可钻另一个桩孔。七、钻孔桩施工防污染措施:1、钻孔桩施工是桥梁施工防污染的重点,应采取一切可行措施防止在施工过程中可能对环境造成的污染。具体采取措施是:在两桥墩之间挖泥浆池、沉淀池,并经常清理沉淀池泥浆,对沉淀干固的泥浆采用封闭车运输到弃土场掩埋复恳处理,以保证环境不受污染。2、施工现场内保持排水管网通畅,防止泥浆、污水、废水外流污染环境。pracovnci podlej na nakldku a vykldku nebezpench vc nebezpench vc obsaench zvldnout jeho chemick a fyzikln vlastnosti a nou
36、zov opaten. (4) pi nakldn a vykldn mus bt sprvn pouvn OOP. (5) Vstupte. Zbytky. 2, nakldku a vykldku v procesu zkladn poadavky (1) automobilovou pstup k nakldce a vykldce nebezpench vc, mus bt v souladu s poadavky na pslun pracovn oblast bezpenost. (2) pi dokovn zsobnku nkladnch vozidel by se mly di
37、t pracovn oblasti zadat pkaz, by mla mt odstup od vozidel a zbo mezi duo v nakldn a vykldn vozidel a nakldku a vykldku zbo, vozidel by mla udrovat dostaten vzdlenosti a nen dovoleno ucpvaj zabezpeen kanl. idii nen dovoleno opustit vozidlo. (3) v souvislosti s nakldn a vykldn a vozidla motory mus jt
38、ven a peruil dodvky elektrick energie. Na ikm msto nakldn a vykldn nkladu by pijata inn opaten k vozidlm posuvn svahu. (4) v souvislosti s nakldky a vykldky, idi je odpovdn za nakldku vykldku dohled, Visa kolekce bod pi pedn zbo. Dokonen natn, idii mus bt na nklad stohovn, oblka, vazba, bezpenosti a
39、 nejistoty ovlivujc vozidla a kter zan inspekce. (5) je-li nutn pemstit kolejovho vozidla a vykldn proces, zavete dvee nebo bariry. Pokud se v mst pi zaven, nkdo mus pe, bezpen pepravit vozidel, pomal zatek, parkovit firmy. (6) operace by mla peliv kontrolovat zbo, kter ped jmno, specifikaci, mnostv
40、 je v souladu s dodac doklady a zkontrolovat neporuenost obalu zbo. Balen nespluje poadavky na bezpenost, by mla odmtnout nast. (7) Pokud nakldacch a vykldacch operac mus bt baleny dle typ, velikost, hmotnost, poet kus a obrazov oznaen poadavkm na dal balen, jemn a opatrn, padat, padat, kter zakazuj
41、 stvky, odvoz, roll, hzet. Chvli, mus udlat: haldy kd hledn, pevn dokoneno zatovan, snadno bod; haldy kd Shi, sudy sta a vko krabice k Shang, umouje k pour sudy sta a pytlovanou zbo sky st by smrem k; Mount rovnovhu, vysok, zastaven sprof backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth w
42、ork, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the
43、overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. To conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards
44、, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recallin
45、g past one another across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, full of humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happy9