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1、Chapter 12,Respiratory System,Activity 1:Choose the ones that air passes through during breathing and arrange them in the right order,alveolar sacdiaphragmintercostal musclestracheanostrilsbronchipleural cavitynasal cavities,laryngopharynxnasopharynxoropharynxvisceral pleuraparietal pleuramediastinu
2、mbronchiolealveolar duct,The right order,nostrils nasal cavities nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx trachea bronchi bronchiole alveolar duct alveolar sacdiaphragm/intercostal muscles/pleural cavity/visceral pleura/parietal pleura/mediastinum,Respiratory function,ventilation,Gas exchange,Airway,Re
3、spiratory muscle,Air volume,Effective capillary bed,Airway pressure gradient,Respiratory Function Test,Spirometry肺量测定法,呼吸量测定法 Airway resistance&compliance Diffusion capacity(肺弥散量)Exercise respiratory function test,Spirometry Terms,VC(vital capacity)【P116】TV(tidal volume)【P116】FEV1(1st second forced
4、expiratory volume)【P116】ERV(expiratory reserve volume)【P？】IRV(inspiratory reserve volume)【P？】IC(inspiratory capacity)【P114】,Static parameters静态参数,TLC(total lung capacity)【P116】RV(residual volume)【P?】FRC(functional residual capacity)【P114】,Diffusion abnormality:,Interstitial lung diseases【P?】Pulmonar
5、y edema【P116】Pulmonary vascular disorders【P116】,Physical examination of the chest,视诊inspection,respiratory frequency 1.tachypnea【P113】24次/分 2.bradypnea【P110】12次/分respiratory depth,视诊inspection,breathing movement 1.thoracic respiration（胸式呼吸）diaphragmatic respiration（腹式呼吸）2.paradoxical breathing（胸腹矛盾呼
6、吸,反常呼吸）3.dyspnea【P111】,视诊inspection,rhythm and range呼吸节律和幅度Cheyne-Stokes respiration=tidal breathing【P110】潮式呼吸,触诊palpation,thoracic expansion胸廓扩张度vocal fremitus语音震颤,扣诊Percussion【P115】,间接叩诊mediate percussion直接叩诊immediate percussion,听诊Auscultation【P113】,Normal breath sound tracheal breath sound vesicu
7、lar breath sound bronchial breath sound bronchovescicular breath sound,听诊Auscultation【P113】,Abnormal breath sound RaleMoist rales(crackles)【P113】Rhonchi=dry rales【P113】Crepitus(捻发音)【P?】Pleural friction rub(胸膜摩擦音),Commonly Seen Respiratory Symptoms,Cough productive cough(with sputum)non-productive co
8、ugh(dry cough),Commonly Seen Respiratory Symptoms,Complications of CoughFatiguePneumomediastinum纵隔积气【P112】,pneumothorax【P112】,and subcutaneous emphysema【P112】due to high intrathoracic pressure during cough Cough syncope syndrome,Commonly Seen Respiratory Symptoms,Sputum production expectoration【P113
9、】Characters:mucoid:produced with many acute or chronic infectionspurulent:contains WBC pieces and necrotic tissue blood-stainedwith special odor anaerobic infection rusty：Pneumococcal pneumoniaserous：alveolar carcinoma,Commonly Seen Respiratory Symptoms,hemoptysis【P111】Blood originating below the le
10、vel of the larynx that being coughed outfrom blood-tinged sputum to massive gross bloodnot hematemesis（vomited out）,Commonly Seen Respiratory Symptoms,dyspnea【P111】Inspiratory dyspnea Expiratory dyspnea Mixed dyspnea,Cardiac dyspnea,Symptoms of congestive heart failure can cause orthopnea and paroxy
11、smal nocturnal dyspnea when elevated-filling pressure is present.,orthopnea【112】,difficulty in breathing in the supine positionrelieved by sitting up,which reduces the degree of pulmonary congestion by pooling blood in the lower extremities and lowering left ventricular filling pressures,improving t
12、he diaphragmatic movement,increasing vital capacity,paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea,Symptoms:Awaking short of breath at nightOften obtaining relief by sitting up for a period of timeIn the most advanced cases,the patients become acutely dyspneic,cyanotic and very frequently produce foamy sputum tinged
13、with blood,paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea,SignsMoist rales at the both lung basesTachycardiaWheezingBronchospasm【P110】,Activity 2:Find their English Equivalent for the following common respiratory conditions,慢性阻塞性肺病百日咳胸膜炎气胸气管炎白喉支气管炎声带炎血胸，胸腔积血喘鸣,肺气肿，气肿鼻出血，鼻衄脓胸缺氧喉炎胸膜积水血氧不足胸膜痛肺出血肺炎鼻炎,Activity 2:Find thei
14、r English Equivalent for the following common respiratory conditions,慢性阻塞性肺病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)/chronic obstructive lung disease(COLD)百日咳pertussis/whooping cough胸膜炎pleurisy气胸pneumothorax气管炎tracheitis白喉diphtheria支气管炎 bronchitis声带炎 chorditis血胸，胸腔积血hemothorax/hemathorax喘鸣 strido
15、r,肺气肿，气肿 emphysema鼻出血，鼻衄 epistaxis脓胸pyothorax缺氧anoxia喉炎laryngitis胸膜积水hydrothorax血氧不足hypoxemia胸膜痛 pleuralgia/pleurodynia肺出血 pneumorrhagia肺炎pneumonia鼻炎rhinitis,Activity 3:Translate the Following into English.,本品可快速缓解下列疾病所致症状：过敏性鼻炎 过敏性皮炎 过敏性哮喘适应症：用于慢性鼻炎、季节性过敏性鼻炎(枯草热)、慢性特发性（idiopathic）荨麻疹和其他与组胺相关的皮肤疾病如搔痒等；本品还可快速缓解流涕、打喷嚏、哮喘和皮疹。禁忌症：禁用于对其成分过敏者及哺乳妇女。副作用：可有轻微一过性的副作用如头痛、晕眩、昏睡、兴奋、口干和胃肠道不适等剂量和服用方法：成人和12岁以上的儿童：每天一片，每片10毫克。,
