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1、时态和语态,一、时态用法一览表,二、被动语态构成一览表(以do为例),三、主动语态表示被动用法一览表,【温馨提示】主动语态变为被动语态应注意：1句子谓语为give，send，show，lend，pay，tell，hand，bring，get，make，leave，pass等后面接双宾语动词时，变其中一个宾语为主语，多将表示人的间接宾语改为主语，也可将表示物的直接宾语改为主语，间接宾语之前通常加介词to或for。2短语动词改为被动语态时，短语中的副词或介词不可丢。3有些动词在主动语态中后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，在改为被动语态时，不定式符号to不能省略。,4“get过去分词”可以表示被动，
2、此结构比较口语化。We were shown all kinds of kites she had made.All kinds of kites she had made were shown to us.The poor are taken good care of by the government.A bird was seen to fly into the window.She got married last week.The patient got treated once a week.,巩固练习 1(2010辽宁高考)I _all the cooking for my fa
3、mily，but recently Ive been too busy to do it.Awill doBdoCam doing Dhad done【解析】句意：通常由我来为家人做饭，但是因为最近很忙，所以我没时间做。第一句陈述事实，因而应使用一般现在时。【答案】B,2(2010菏泽调研)Excuse me，I _ he didnt know English.Adidnt realize Bdont realizeChavent realized Dwasnt realizing【解析】结合语境，后文叙述的是过去的情况，表示说话之前没有意识到他不懂英语，所以用一般过去时。【答案】A,3(20
4、10上海高考)The church tower which _ will be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished.Ahas restored Bhas been restoredCis restoring Dis being restored【解析】restore意思为“修复”，而后一句表明工程还未完成，因此为“正在修复中”，因而用现在进行时的被动语态。【答案】D,4(2010湖南高考)I walked slowly through the market，where people _ all kinds of fruits an
5、d vegetables.I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.Asell Bwere sellingChad sold Dhave sold【解析】根据“I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed”的提示可判断此处表示“人们当时正在出售各种水果和蔬菜”，即表示过去某时正在发生的动作，故选B。【答案】B,5(2010山东高考)Up to now，the program _thousands of children who would otherwise
6、have died.Awould saved BsavesChad saved Dhas saved【解析】句意：截止到现在，这个项目已经挽救了成千上万的本来会死去的孩子的生命。up to now是现在完成时的标志，所以空格处使用现在完成时。【答案】D,6(2010江苏高考)Why，Jack，you look so tired!Well，I _the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.Awas painting Bwill be paintingChave painted Dhave been painting【解析】答句句意：我给房子上油漆一
7、直进行到现在，而且到明天必须完成。所以用现在完成进行时。【答案】D,7(2010北京高考)It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _ for me.Ahad done BdidCwould do Dwere doing【解析】整个句子时态用的是一般过去时，我能够表示感谢就已经是过去，而他们对我的帮助则是过去的过去。【答案】A,8(2010福建高考)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs
8、they_ before leaving their hometowns.Apromised Bwere promisedChave promised Dhave been promised【解析】句子陈述的是现在的客观事实，they与谓语promise之间有被动关系，强调在“离开家乡之前已被许诺”，因而使用现在完成时的被动语态。【答案】D,9(2010湖南高考)This coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last year.Awas named BnamedCis named Dnames【解析】根据主语“this coastal area
9、”与name之间的被动关系排除B、D两项，根据句中的last year判断用一般过去时，故选A。【答案】A,10(2010重庆高考)The palace caught fires three times in the last century，and little of the original building_now.Aremains Bis remainedCis remaining Dhas been remained【解析】remain是不及物动词，故没有被动语态。排除B、D两项，表示“存在”意义的状态动词一般不用进行时，所以此处用一般现在时。【答案】A,11(2010四川高考)Wh
10、en shall we restart our business?Not until we _ our plan.Awill finish Bare finishingCare to finish Dhave finished【解析】状语从句中常用现在完成时表将来完成，此处为until引导的时间状语从句，故用现在完成时。句意：直到我们完成了我们的计划，我们才重新开始我们的生意。【答案】D,12(2010全国卷)The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _.Ais made Bwould
11、makeCwas to be made Dhad made【解析】主句时态是一般过去时，that从句中的动作是过去将来时，又因fortune 与make是被动关系，因而使用过去将来时的被动语态。【答案】C,13(2010北京高考)In the spoken English of some areas in the US，the“r”sounds at the end of the words _.Aare dropped BdropCare being dropped Dhave dropped【解析】句子表达的是现在的客观事实，又因主谓之间是被动关系，因而使用一般现在时的被动语态。【答案】A
12、,14(2010福建高考)Guess what，weve got our visas for a shortterm visit to the UK this summer.How nice！You _ a different culture then.Awill be experiencing Bhave experiencedChave been experiencing Dwill have experienced【解析】句中then指this summer这段时间中的一个点，因而使用将来进行时，表示将来正在进行的动作。【答案】A,15(2010北京高考)Im sorry，but I dont quite follow you.Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?Sorry，I _ myself clear.We want to return on October 20.Ahadnt made Bwouldnt makeCdont make Dhavent made【解析】由答语后一句“We want to return on October 20.”可知说话者到现在还没说清楚，因而使用现在完成时。【答案】D,
