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1、Non-finite Verb,1.to do 2.-ing 3.done,非谓语动词复习专题,非谓语动词的形式（以do为例）,Tom returned from the managers office,telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once.2.The news meeting,to be held in that hall,has already been crowded with reporters.3.Having reached the very peak of the Everest,the climbers cheere
2、d against the fierce north wind.4.He keeps buying expensive maps.5.I heard the girl singing in the classroom.6.The man talking with my father is Mr.Wang.7.As soon as she entered the room,the girl caught sight of the flowers bought by her mother.8.To live is to struggle.(生活就是斗争。),找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）,下
3、面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词1.非谓语动词的七大经典原则2.非谓语动词解题四大步骤,一.非谓语动词的 七大经典原则,原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式,原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词,原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式,原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。,原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与 主句主语保持一致,原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式,原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生;用-ing，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意义,英语非谓语动词题的七条经典原则,原则
4、一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式When asked why he went there，he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.（2007江西卷）A.training B.being trained C.to have trained D.to be trained【解析】由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的，所以 要用不定式，因此可排除 A 和 B。另外，由于“他”与“训练”为被动关系，故选 D。如：She got up very early to catch up the first bus.2._ this cake，youl
5、l need 2 eggs，175 g sugar and 175 g flour.（2006广东卷）A.Having made B.Make C.To make D.Making,to catch up the first bus.,3.As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not _，and asked myself what I was going to do.(2007湖南卷)A.moved B.moving C.to move D.Being moved,4.He sat _ to her _ the stairs.A.to l
6、isten;to climb B.listening;to climb C.listening;climb D.listening;to climbing【解析】listen是伴随sat而同时由主语he发出的，所以用-ing 作伴随状语；listen to 后跟不带to的不定式/-ing作宾补。,【解析】由于与句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示当 时持续了一会 儿，故用-ing。句意为：当信号灯变绿时，我站在那儿一会儿没动，心想自己该怎么办。,原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.,listen to do/doing,ing形式作伴随状语与 to do作目的状语的区别：作伴随状语的ing形式
7、与谓语动词的动作同时发生且前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比谓语动词的动作后发生前面不能用逗号。用括号里的词的适当形式填空1.Write to the editor,_ that the editor would be able to help her（hope）2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _ on a big rock(rest)3.The secretary worked late into night,_ a long speech.(prepare)4._ warm,we shut all the
8、 windows.(keep),preparing,to rest,hoping,To keep,原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其原则区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。5.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_ in the natural light during the day.（2007天津卷）A.to let B.letting C.let D.having let【解析 此处用-i
9、ng 表示自然而然的结果。如：It rained heavily，causing severe flooding in that place.6.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_ a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.（2005山东卷）A.have reached B.reaching C.to reach D.to be reaching,8.He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the ticke
10、ts had been sold out.（2006陕西卷）A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told,7.He hurried to the station,only _ that the train had left.(2005广东卷)A.to find B.finding C.found D.to have found【解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的结果。,练一练：The captain got me to believe that the water was so warm so I went off into the Pac
11、ific to swim ashore to an island,only _(discover)his idea of warm wasnt quite the same as mine.（周报第8期）He left his hometown 20 years ago,never _(see)again.He left his hometown 20years ago,never _(return),to be seen,to return,to discover,扩展：S+P+,+never to do sth/to be done 某人做从未/在也不/不被,原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原
12、则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式.9.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.（2007浙江卷）A.to be heard B.to have heard C.hearing D.being heard【解析】根据句意，此处指的是“被听见”，故要用被 动式，因此 可排除 B 和 C。另外，由于“设法被听见”为目的状语，动作在 当时尚未发生，故用不定式，即选 A。,11.When she came in,she
13、was surprised to find a stranger _ at the back of the classroom with his eyes _ upon her.A.seating;fixing B.to seat;fixing C.having seated;fixed D.seated;fixed,10.At the beginning of class,the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A.opened and closed B.to be opened and closedC.being
14、opened and closed D.to open and close,【解析】of 后应接-ing，desks 与open and close 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，又因could be heard，所以选-ing的被动式表正在被进行的动作。,of,a stranger,his eyes,sitting,seat vt.,fix ones eyes upon,=I was seated.,I seated myself.,=I sat down,原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致.12.Faced with a bill for$10,000，_.（20
15、06陕西卷）A.John has taken an extra jobB.the boss has given John an extra jobC.an extra job has been takenD.an extra job has been given to John 13.While watching television，_.（2005全国卷III）A.the door bell rang B.the doorbell rings C.we heard the doorbell ring D.we heard the doorbell rings,watching,faced w
16、ith,(be)faced with,原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或ing的完成式）14._ from other continents for millions of years，Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world.（2005湖北卷）Being separated B.Having separatedC.Having been separated D.to be separated,15.The mana
17、ger，_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us，left the meeting room.（2005江西卷）A.who has made B.having made C.made D.making,left,has,16.Li Ming is said _ abroad.Do you know what country Yes,In London.A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying,he studied in?he will study i
18、n?he studies in?,C,A,B,is,Sb is said to do 据说,原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生;用-ing，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。17.There will be more than three hundred scientists attending the meeting _ the day after tomorrow.A.hold B.holding C.held D.to be held 18.There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art
19、 Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.（2006上海卷）A.waited B.to wait C.waiting D.wait,the meeting,the day after tomorrow,visitors,19.“Things _ never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself.（2007湖南卷）A.lost B.losing C.to lost D.have lost 20.The last one _ pays the meal.Agreed!（2007全国I）A.arr
20、ived B.arrives C.to arrive D.arriving,Things,The last one,lose vt.lose sb/sth,注：受 the first，the second.the last 修饰的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。,练一练：你是第二个犯这错误的人。You are the second to make the mistake.,Translate the following sentences into English.1.这是一个已经 讨论了的问题。2.这是一个正在 讨论的问题。3.这是一个将要 讨论的问题。This is a problem
21、 discussed.（已经完成的被动动作）This is a problem being discussed.（正在进行的被动动作）This is a problem to be discussed.（将要进行的被动动作）,discussed,being discussed,to be discussed,已经,正在,将要,原则一：用作目的状语，,原则二：用作伴随状语，,原则三：用作结果状语，,原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，,原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，,原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作 之前时，,原则七：用于名词后作定语时，,原则一：用作目的状语，原则上用不定式.,原则二：用作伴随状语，原
22、则上用-ing.,原则三：用作结果状语，可用-ing/to do,原则区别是：-ing 表示一定逻辑的结果，to do 表示非逻辑的结果。,原则四：凡是有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。如果动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动形式；如果动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动形式。,原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则上其逻辑主语应与主句主语保持一致。,原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，原则上要用完成式（-ing 的完成式或不定式的完成式）,原则七：用于名词后作定语，原则是：不定式表示动作尚未发生；-ing表示动作正在进行：过去分词表示动作完成，被动。,二.非谓语动词解题四大步骤,（一）分析句子结构,辨别
23、“谓语与非谓语”,_many times,but he still couldnt understand it.,2._many times,he still couldnt understand it.,Having been told B.Being told C.He had been told D.Though he was told,C,_,A,注意连词,3.It _ a hot day,wed better go swimming.,4._ a rainy day;we decided not to go there.,is B.to be C.beingD.It being E.
24、It was F.been,C,E,注意标点符号,非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。,（二）找逻辑主语,1.Walking along the street one day,she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She is reading a book found on the way.3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.4.Convinced of the truth of the reports,he t
25、old his colleagues about it.,一般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；作宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；作定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。,A.to take B.taking C.to be taken D.taken,D,B,1._ everything into consideration,they ought to have another chance.,2.Everything _into consideration,they ought to have another chance.,Everything,they,（三）分析语态,
26、分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。,“You cant catch me!”Jane shouted,_ away.A.run B.running C.to run D.ran 2._ in the mountains for a week,the two students were finally saved by the local police.A.Having lost B.Lost C.Being lost D.Losing,Jane,the two students,（四）分析时态,1.The building _now wil
27、l be a restaurant.,2.The building _ next year will be a restaurant.,3.The building _last year is a restaurant.,having been built B.to be built C.being built D.built,_,C,_,B,_,D,二.找逻辑主语,三、分析语态,四、分析时态,一.辨别“谓与非谓”,三.非谓语动词解题步骤,方法总结：谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态,Practice,从高考试题看非谓语动词考查方向考点一：考查非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别。07年1.The sun
28、was setting when my car _31_(break)down near a remote and poor village.2.While she was getting me _34_(settle)into a tiny but clean room,the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.,broke,settled,08年 1.For examp
29、le,the proverb,“plucking up a crop_32_(help)it grow”,is based on the following story.2.Being too anxious to help an event develop often _40_(result)in the contrary to our intention.,to help,results,09年1.She wished that he was as easy _32_（please）as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume.2.
30、Besides，shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant experience:people stepped on your feet or _34_（push）you with their elbows（肘部），hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.3.Her mother was excited.“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,”Jane _40_（inform).,to please,pushed,was informed,10
31、年1.After a four-day journey,the young man_33_(present)the water to the old man.2.After the student left,the teacher let another student taste the water.He spit it out,_37_(say)it was awful.11年I got on the bus and found a seat near the back,and then I noticed a man 18(sit)at the front.He 19(pretend)t
32、hat a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.,presented,saying,sitting/sit,was pretending,Steve Jobs,the visionary,founded Apple in a Silicon Valley garage and built it into the worlds leading tech company and led a mobile-computing revolution with wildly popular devices such as the iphone.He was
33、also a good example of“The American Dream.Steve Jobs came from humble beginnings.He had been adopted as a child by a working class family in California.He didnt have a good education.Instead,he dropped out of college early and started Apple in his parents garage.But his success was soon followed by
34、adversity.,Jobs was fired as CEO of the company in 1985,but that setback did not stop him.Jobs built a new computer company and also started Pixar which produced the hit movies Toy Story and Finding Nemo.Later,when apple was struggling,Jobs was brought back to save the company-and he did it.He suffe
35、red setbacks in business and in his health,but he refused to let those setbacks dampen his desire of achieving his dream,leaving some inspirational words for young innovators:“stay hungry,stay foolish”.,After a very long battle with cancer,he passed away at the age o f 56.His death was mourned by mi
36、llions of people worldwide.He was a business,but he was the“Michael Jackson”of businessmen.His Apple products were like songs that touched peoples hearts and changed their lives.,Adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs in Santa Clara,He was born in Green Bay,Wisconsin.After graduating from high school in Cup
37、ertino,California,he went to Reed College in Portland Oregon,but he dropped out of school one semester later.When he was 21,Jobs teamed with Wozniak and two other men to launch Apple Computer Inc.,考点二：考查非谓语动词作定语。例2（2011年高考湖南卷）21.The ability _（express）an idea is as important as the idea itself.例3（201
38、1年高考湖南卷）23.The players _（select）from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.例4（2011年高考山东卷）27.Look over theretheres a very long,winding path _(lead)up to the house.,to express,总结：当先行词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语来修饰，常见的抽象名词有：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt
39、，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。,selected,leading,考点三：考查非谓语动词作状语。例5（2011年高考重庆卷）29.More TV programs,according to government officials,will be produced _(raise)peoples concern over food safety.例6（2011年高考湖南卷）29.Do you wake up every morning _(feel)energetic and ready to start a new day?例7（2011年高考四川卷）16.
40、_(offer)an important role in a new movie,Andy has got a chance to become famous.,to raise,feeing,Offered,考点四：考查非谓语动词作补足语。高考卷中对于宾补的考查主要集中在keep,make,find,have,permit等动词带宾补的用法上，如：例10（2011年高考重庆卷）33.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _(remind)of his own dreams.例12（2011年高考
41、福建卷）27.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable _.+周测find,reminded,to hold,考点五：考查非谓语动词作主、宾、表语。非谓语动词作主、宾、表主要适用于不定式和动名词（-ing）。例14（2011年高考四川卷）2.Lydia doesnt feel like _(study)abroad.Her parents are old.例15（2011年高考上海卷）27.Its no use _ without taking action.（主语）,studying,complaining,Thank you!,
