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1、对比文体学作业纸（2）：英汉词素、词汇层文体突出形式对比分析班级11翻译学号姓名学号姓名学号姓名学号姓名标题英汉词素、词汇层文体突出方式得分批阅日期从意义上讲，英语词素层意义风格失协突出形式有：新造词coinage（词缀法、复合法、转换法、混合法等）；从形式（结构的排列组合）上讲，英语词素层形式风格失衡突出形式有：词素交替polyptoton，恒素法homoioteteuton。请翻译下列句子，指出词素层次突出方式，并说明翻译转换后是否能保留这种方式带来的文体风格，如能，翻译转换采用的方法是什么。原文译文词素层次突出方式翻译转换分析The purpose of Newspeak was not
2、 only to provide a medium of expression for the world-view and mental habits proper to the devotees of Ingsoc, but to make all other modes of thought impossible .It was intended that when Newspeak forgotten, a heretical thoughtthat is., a thought diverging from the principles of Ingsocshould be libe
3、rally unthinkable, at least so far as thought is dependent on words.George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-four1And singing still dost soar, and soaring ever singest. Shelley, To a Skylark2What objects are the fountainsOf thy happy strain?What fields, or waves, or mountains?What shapes of sky or plain?Shell
4、ey, To a Skylark3读书干嘛？就是要挣个大票子、买个好房子、娶个美娘子、生个大胖小子！4核心提示：27日，唐骏现身南京林业大学，做了一场主题为“我的成功可以复制”的讲座。一位南京大学的女生带着一沓“西太平洋大学”学位证书邀请唐骏签字，并质问其美国绿卡的由来等问题。该女生称“我觉得唐骏先生的成功不仅可以复制，还可以复印。”5欣慰啊，这么烂的大学也终于出了几个有自己思想的学生！遗憾的是被洗的脑残的仍是大多数，且又心胸狭窄，容不得不同意见，还没出社会就已满身官僚习气。6到了，这不，苏格兰调情。爷，你说反了，是苏格兰情调。7收回越南，啊不！不是收回，是“回收”，然会对越南人做垃圾处理，废
5、物利用之！8强列要求收复越南，重建广南省！9大家可以访问我的博客，www.白云飘飘.com。大娘都有博客啦？名人都有这玩意儿。名人嘛，都刻薄。10我白云大小也是个名人，走了！什么名人？！那就是个人名！你就飘吧！啥时候一阵风来把你飘走了！怎么了？有能耐黑土你也飘啊！我飘起来是沙尘暴！11从意义上讲，英语词汇的意义风格失衡突出形式有：高频词汇集，即同一词汇集的词的高频率出现（词汇集：同一语场词汇的高频率出现），失协突出形式有：混合词汇集，包括：A.双关（同形异义词homonyms，同形异音词homographs，异形同音词homophones，异叙syllepsis）、B.词汇集的混合（a. 两个
6、词汇集所表达的意义都与情景有关，包括：在某一词汇集中加入别一词汇集的项目、禁忌语taboo、委婉语euphemism、隐语cant；b. 不同词汇集的词的意义转移：其中一个词汇集所表达的意义转化为另一个词汇集所表达的意义，作为另一词汇集的补充意义或附加意义，或进一步强化另一词汇集的意义，这类手段称为“意义转移”semantic transference，如：明喻、隐喻、拟人、象征、联觉、典故、情感误置等；c. 同一词汇集内词的意义的转移，如：代称，借喻，举喻）。从形式（结构的排列组合）上讲，英语词汇的形式风格失衡突出形式有：A.词汇搭配和词汇集（重复、同义和搭配）B.意义相同、相似或相反的词汇
7、的规则性出现（词汇对偶、排比），C.义、形相同词汇的重复出现（重复、渐升、渐降），D. 词汇系列修辞（一种特殊的排比手段，即在词汇项目之间的排比手段）。请翻译下列句子，指出词汇层突出方式，并说明翻译转换后是否能保留这种方式带来的文体风格，如能，翻译转换采用的方法是什么。原文译文词汇层次突出方式翻译转换分析The current condition of much of our commercial agriculture is good by certain criteria. It is highly productive, a very great national asset at al
8、l times, and especially during periods of great international torque. It is progressive in the sense of achieving increases in output per unit of input over time. On the whole its physical plant is in good condition12The second fission, we suggest, involves the internalization of the discrimination
9、between the latency and good-attainment dimensions again with special reference to attitudinal aspect of affectivity and affective neutrality. The critical change is that the instrumental-xpressive distinction comes to be differentiated out from the power axis.Warner, 1961: 177-17813Most manfully be
10、siege the patrons gate. And. oft repulsed. as oft attack the great. With painfull art, and application warm. And take at last some little place by storm. Edward Young, Love of Fame. Satire III14A young man married is a man thats marrd. Shakespeare, Alls Well That Ends Well II.iii15Therefore pardon m
11、e, And not impute this yielding to light love Which the dark night hath so discovered. Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet II.ii16Here thou, great Anna! Whom three realms obey. Dost sometimes counsel take and sometimes tea. Pope. The Rape of the Lock III17Puffs, powders, patches, Bibles, billet-doux.Pope.
12、 The Rape of the Lock, I18“Barkers for me, Barney,” said Toby Crakpit.“Here they are,” replied Barney, producing a pair of pistols.”You loaded them yourself.”“All right!” replied Toby, stowing them away.”The persuaders?”“Ivee got em”, replied Sikes.“Crape, keys, centre-bits, darkies nothing forgotte
13、n?”Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist19Harvey agreed to meet Bill at Ethels because Bill said on the phone that he had something heavy to lay on him and thought they ought to get together in a nurturing environment. Ethels did a mind-blowing minted trout. Minted trout was nurturing. And evading Mr Murphy
14、 for one evening. Harvey thought, might just be the saving of his savity or at least his lower back.Cyra McFadden. The Serial20The Human Dress is forged Iron.The Human Form a fiery Forge.The Human Face a Furnace sealdThe Human Heart its hungry Gorge.William Blake, A Divine Image21They round her in a
15、cross the rolling foamThe cruel, crawling foam.Ruskin, Modern Painters, Vol.3, Part IV. Chp xii22The Young moon lies on her back tonight as is her habit in the tropics, and as, I think, is suitable if not seemly for a virgin. V. Sackville-west, No Sighposts in the Sea23My mother bore me in the south
16、ern wild. And I am black, but O! my soul is white; White as an angel is the English child. But I am black, as if bereavd of light.William Blake. The Little Black Boy24like unto cicadas that in a forest sit upon a tree and pour forth their lily-like voice.Homer.Illiad,iii.15325Pyramas: I see a voice,
17、 now will I to the chink, To spy on I can hear my Thisbys face.Shakespeare, A Midsummer Nights Dream26Just like Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, so I loved mineI groud my teeth. I was not Pymalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat. Max Shulman. Love Is a Fal
18、lacy27Or perhaps this is the Desert of Sahara! For, though Julia has a statwly house, and mighty company, and sumptuous dinners every day. I see no green growth near her: nothing that can ever come to fruit or flower.Charles Dickens, David Copperfield也许这就是不毛之地!因为尽管朱丽叶有豪宅，也许有公司，每晚都有丰盛的晚餐，但是她却没有这样光辉的形
19、象。代称the Desert of Sahara用来指其突出的特征：不生长任何植物的地方。这一手段的运用建立在“读者与作者都知道撒哈拉沙漠是不毛之地”的基础上。A：Lands belong to the crown.B：In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread.The Bible, GenesisA：土地属于国王B：辛劳工作就会有面包吃借喻The crown代指国王。用这个词语代替“国王”具有突出国王的显著特征，产生生动形象的效应。Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine
20、delight to a certain type of mind. They meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands.H.L. Mencken, The Libido for the Ugly显然，墙纸的可怕图案以某种莫名其妙的方式满足了某些人晦涩难解的心理需要，所以，这些人从中获得了真正的愉悦感。举喻Mind代指person，是部分代替整体的关系。三九的萝卜，冻了心（动了心）A mid-winter turnip(in the third period of nine days after
21、 the winter solstice)-the heart is frozen(affected in heart)双关对应翻译进行风格传达Henry presented her with his own portrait. As it happened, she had always wanted a portrait of Henry.亨利向她提供了他自己的画像，就这样，她一直想要亨利的肖像。重复后面出现的portrait回指前面出现的portrait，但两个portrait不一定指同一个事物。There is a boy climbing the tree. The lad is g
22、oing to fall.有一个小男孩爬上了树，但是这个小伙子要跌下来了。同义词关系Boy与lad意义相同，又同指一个人，有很强的衔接效应。it was neither more or less than a pig, and she felt that it would be quite absurd for her to carry it any further. So she set the little creature down, and既不多一头猪也不少一头猪，但是她觉得很荒谬，无法更进一步，于是她把这个小生物放下了上下义词Creature是上义词，Pig是下义词，是creatur
23、e的一种。两者在此亦具有衔接效应，整体部分关系指表示事物的整体的词汇与表示事物的部分的词汇同现的关系。“We, indeed,” cried the Mouse, who was trembling down to the end of his tail.“我们，真的”老鼠叫了起来，并且颤抖了一下尾巴梢衔接效应在此，mouse是整体，tail是其部分，两者的同现也具有衔接力。He felt asleep. What woke him was a loud crash.他已经是睡着了，但是吵醒她的是一个一声巨响。反义词反义关系是一种特殊的同义关系，是意义相反的词的同现关系。Polly, put
24、the kettle on. And well all have tea.波利，打开水壶，我们可以喝茶了。同现关系Kettle和tea是搭配关系，一方面，两者之间具有语义基础，另方面，两者之间搭配关系还是词与词之间的直接联系的结果。Miltons school days were happy ones. He delighted in study; was fortunate in a courageous, independent and scholarly teacher; enjoyed the companionship of his younger sister and brothe
25、r; and blossomed in the atmosphere of a sociable home full of music, charity, and respect for learning. 词语对偶和排比作者的目的是说明弥尔顿的校园生活是“幸福的”（happy），因此，happy是此段的中心概念。To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. United, there is little we canno
26、t do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. John Kennedy. Inaugural Address39The poor, the foul, the false, love can Admit, but not the busied man. John donne40On the tenth day of Cwthma (=contractio
27、n of “ommonwealthmas” from Macdonalds note), the Commonwealth brought to me: Ten sovereign Nations Nine Governors General Eight Federations Seven Disputed Areas Six Trust Territories Five Old Realms Four present or prospective republics Three High Commission Territories Two Ghana-Guinea Fowl One sti
28、rling Area One Dollar Dominion One Sun That Never Sets One Maltese Cross One Marrylebone Cricket Club One Trans-Arctic Expedition And a Mother Country Up a Gum Tree. A Political Carol From “The Economist”. A Piece of Burlesque41Hear Lydiats life, and Galiloes end.42Those authors, therefore, are to b
29、e read at schools that supply most axioms of prudence, most principles of moral truth and most materials for conversation; and these purposes are best served by poets, orators and historians.43出生一张纸，开始一辈子；毕业一张纸，奋斗一辈子；婚姻一张纸，折磨一辈子；做官一张纸，斗争一辈子；金钱一张纸，辛苦一辈子；荣誉一张纸，虚名一辈子；悼词一张纸，了结一辈子；淡化这些纸，明白一辈子；忘了这些纸，快乐一辈子。445
