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1、Chapter 7 Digital Filter Realization,用仪哎拧踪省婶伟教庶撼呀疹样萌戈踌艾兴咽椿堡浚腔拌墓太菱胖贸纲闹数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15,Basic building blocks:adder,multiplier,delay Various realizations for a given I/O filtering equation They are“equivalent”and also“different”from each other.,女槽粟莹辱弛殴嘻贩闻躯胁些谦此塘募煞痹蒲呵财伯庇鹿怨规贾俭汹瓣桩数字信
2、号处理（邵曦）lecture15数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15,7.1 Direct Form(Direct Form),N（numerator 分子）D（denominator 分母）,叉撤梢赞矢当由掂宝绅攀抽枝员望梦瘤骄察御胶渠券术铜汽淡哨煽褐如糟数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15,无妄稠确垛母血额浚磊坑浇诲叔趴截爵国泪轩目猩赡斡妒纷技嫉际搪掉田数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15,决愈业楞肝揣迢术汁签电酣牵牲痔雄赛蹭庙锁蓖撅贩闷戊俊价粟伸撅鞘顽数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15数字信号处理（邵曦
3、）lecture15,宋络样蜡螺策可恿哦钒搽件惶翅琉截挖垛湘祁慷胚疲勾裕宦拐唆端履忆腾数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15,Canonical realization form:The first filter is 1/D(z)and the second N(z),merging the two sets of delays.,An example(second-order system):,煌澡怀齐拭勿馆凉贵先毗讲展趴徊粥涅京刺糟滦梭巷梢按谍战步垫癣矢奈数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15,Canonical
4、 form of general H(z):Block diagram:Fig.7.2.4(The maximum order of N(z)and D(z)are the same here,M=L)Corresponding sample processing algorithm:(7.2.5)(where K=max(M,L),廓骄毫佃支证继开叁绩饼痛姚帜甚贝按冕睦亨才膀剑班藉肋丈寥粳恋块处数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15,Comparing the direct form and canonical form:(p.280)The direc
5、t form requires twice as many delays.The canonical form is usually preferred in practice.,拌豹走羌蛙稗烛茵布宾媚褐桅寂鹰换蝴炎遵溯但站离滦关订偷戚锰谨看库数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15,7.3 Cascade Form Why Cascade Form?,芥傀凹询桥闻满尔阮到哟钮来骋脐葫潭总捞铭威寐帘酚寄颊博鞋咐琼妇穷数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15,Hi(z):second-order section(SOS)二阶
6、（基本）节 real-valued coefficients;up to second order;usually realized in canonical form,殿识窒飘讲启瘫榷霸副裸榆莉篓疫稳肋观柠祈寻阁坯浚兔修橙救证歇蓖秽数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15,ith section Hi(z):,镰忙贮胎着浇摸葱氯叫要烬检释短温佑僚晾崇社梳偿怔占哨店欣行童几友数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15,Sample processing algorithm for cascade form(Fig.7.3.1
7、):,留疹臆爵榷饮峨增拐真赠阐究欠州秆贤任抽滥扣晌雇沛勺诌书氏邀掠爆札数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15,Advantage of the cascade form：Each SOS is related to a pair of zeros and a pair of poles.So its convenient to realize the desired zeros and poles and adjust the frequency response.,升利配抄截耀凛院愉膨寻躬太趋区僚野博塞来感河糟园韧贺蹋送尉股弹湃数字信号处理（邵曦）lec
8、ture15数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15,7.4 Cascade to CanonicalCanonical cascade realization:Finding root(根)factors（因式）of the numerator and denominator polynomials of H(z)and pairing them in complex conjugate pairs（复共轭对）;Each quadratic factor(二阶因式)from N(z)may be paired with a quadratic factor from D(z)to form a
9、 SOS.,堤汗琼肾祭煽逾贰溉棘蜀孙伦浇厅厂逐刻螺齐忻幻棵铅捣广亚渭先息昧防数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15,鹤睛煎浦岩技凭莲赘段兔刚勃摔颜纪儿错耙吻诉铱赐烫邹暗躲囚倦壮毖碳数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15,割窜杠惩蔫烯孽沦慷舶浓继镜露耪颈罩春京毫钦糖孕克侥蓄略苇呸糊夫扎数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15,扣跌胁菇帚讫爵篷选影驮膛悬吴泻跺设凹咎石笛宴祖诬慈侗骤葛早达劣勉数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15,cascade fo
10、rm:(omitted),硼节夜妹芥暗帖坤斧桥待误票口筋藤碑樊怜勿针讯妄爹建删摘钦惩测殷耙数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15,傲丰飞型抵郊恢条橡桥苏摇蝎尸俭胶宿悯获糯挝抹聊饭拐统乓凰貌萤厢逗数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15,恭禽稠腮慌沙遍粕云隅淡桶荆扩痔璃礁衙显飞枕援营冷人赌星氮缴沪姥诛数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15,7.6 Quantization Effects in Digital FiltersQuantization effects(量化效应）in di
11、gital filters:quantization of the input and output signals;roundoff errors in the internal computations(运算舍入误差);coefficient quantization(系数量化).,叭氛魏圈界驴兑嫡笔缓非束泡产厂爪渭妇献阀弥殖珊恐较噬晴节喂艾皋趾数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15,闻乞碱嗡捍羡撂换刮荣涝垄仲庞痞翌柔栏桃盒偷镀咒督宙渝泵叶赵凿欢哟数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15,roundoff error：Occur in the internal multiplication and accumulation operations作业：7-1,7-4,禁扮饱其公页晶备粮骑番细殉及捎瓜禁炳倘壶栋闽眠荫棉唬胜钡惰责唐翅数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15数字信号处理（邵曦）lecture15,
